Multiple-Step Predictive Control for Offshore Structures

—Ocean wave propagation is slow,visible and measurable,so a wave theory can be used to approxi-mately predict the imminnent wave force on an offshore structure based on measured,real-time wave elevation nearthe structure.This predictability suggests the development of a more efficient algorithm,than those that have beendeveloped for structures under wind and seismic loads,for the active vibration control of offshore structures.Thepresent study delveops a mutiple-step predictive optimal control(MPOC)algorithm that accounts for multiple-step external loading in the determibation of optimal control forces.The control efficiency of the newly developedMPOC algorithm has been investigated under both regular(single-frequency)and irregular(multiple-frequency)wave loads,and compared with that of two other well-known optimal control algorithms:classical linear optimalcontrol(CLOC)and instantaneou optimal control(IOC).     

舟山虾塘纹藤壶种群结构研究

应用挂板试验,研究了挂板浸水时间、挂板角度和对虾养殖塘内外环境差异等因素对附着于挂板上纹藤壶种群结构的影响．     

05106型海洋风传感器简介

本文介绍了美国Ｒ．Ｍ．ＹＯＵＮＧ公司的新产品－０５１０６型海洋风传感器,并简单地分析了Ｒ．Ｍ．ＹＯＵＮＧ公司在该风传感器中采用的关键技术。     

小刺豆荚软珊瑚化学成分研究

对采自南海南沙群岛永暑礁水域的小刺豆荚软珊瑚Lobophytummicrospiculatum的化学成分进行了研究,分离出7个化合物。其中化合物1为新的神经酰胺,命名为小刺酰胺。化合物3为22－表－孕马烷甾醇,首次从软珊瑚中分离到。     

遥感在大兴安岭牛汾台林场地区1:5万区调中的应用研究

5万牛汾台林场等4幅区调项目分别采用资源三号卫星影像和LandSat-8多光谱数据进行遥感解译. 经对比分析, 资源三号卫星影像适合应用于地形地貌方面的解译, 而LandSat-8多光谱数据则在线型构造、环状构造解译中起到了更大作用. 解译出29条NE、NW向为主的线型构造, 29个与火山喷发活动相关的小型环形构造. 经野外实地验证, 其中11条线型构造发现断裂, 11个环形影像填绘出火山机构. 解译了第四系、新近系五叉沟组、古生界、上侏罗统—下白垩统和岩体的界线. 经验证, 五叉沟组以及第四系解译界线与野外调查界线大致吻合; 解译的古生界地层界线与验证的早古生代海勒斯台构造混杂岩界线大致相同; 岩体经验证为早白垩世正长花岗岩.     

杭州湾浅层粉土动力特性研究

选用杭州湾广泛分布的浅层粉土为研究对象,进行了一系列动三轴加载试验,研究了结构性、加载频率及动应力对杭州湾海底浅层粉土动应变、临界循环应力比和动强度的影响。试验结果表明,同一加载条件下,重塑样比原状样在更小振次内达到破坏,原状样动强度大于重塑样;结构性是影响土样动强度的重要因素,结构性对土样强度的影响随着动应力的增大而增强,随着频率的增大而减弱;加载频率的变化也对试样动力特性有较大影响,随着频率的增大,试样达到破坏所需振次加大,试样临界循环应力比也随之增大。     

Change of multifractal thermal characteristics in the western Philippine sea upper layer during internal wave-soliton propagation

The upper layer (above 140 m depth) temperature in the western Philippine Sea near Taiwan was sampled using a coastal monitoring buoy (CMB) with 15 attached thermistors during July 28–August 7, 2005. The data were collected every 10 min at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m using the CMB sensors, and every 15 sec at 15 different depths between 25 m and 140 m. Internal waves and solitons were identified from the time-depth plot of the temperature field. Without the internal waves and solitons, the power spectra, structure functions, and singular measures (representing the intermittency) of temperature field satisfy the power law with multi-scale characteristics at all depths. The internal waves do not change the basic characteristics of the multifractal structure. However, the internal solitons change the power exponent of the power spectra drastically, especially in the low wave number domain; they also break down the power law of the structure function and increase the intermittency parameter. The physical mechanisms causing these different effects need to be explored further.     

Coral communities and reefs from Guerrero,Southern Mexican Pacific

Corals in the Eastern Pacific extend south from the Gulf of California to Ecuador and oceanic Chile, and west from Colombia to Clipperton Atoll. Nevertheless, large stretches of the Mexican Pacific remain fundamentally unstudied. Therefore, to assess the current conditions of coral communities, a coastal fringe ～300 km long (17°40′ N, 101°39′ W to 16°46′ N, 99°49′ W) was surveyed within the Southern Mexican Pacific, between 2005 and 2009. Fifteen stony coral species were identified at 13 coral communities and six Pocillopora‐dominated fringing reefs, with Pocillopora verrucosa and Pocillopora damicornis the primary contributing taxa. Reef development was identified in embayments or behind rocks or islands that offered shelter from northern and northwestern winds. Observations of Pocillopora effusus, Pocillopora inflata, Porites lobata, Pavona clavus, and Pavona varians expanded the species known geographic ranges by several degrees of latitude, suggesting reef building fauna comprised a mixture of widespread and relatively rare Eastern Pacific corals. Results indicated greater live coral cover in the Ixtapa‐Zihuatanejo area (15–73%) than in the Acapulco localities, which had high algal dominance; the reefs in the latter region exhibited high erosion. Regional differences are likely the result of long‐standing anthropogenic pressures around Acapulco since 1950, when it became an important tourist destination. This paper is the first detailed report of ecologically stressed corals and coral reefs from the state of Guerrero on the Mexican Southern Pacific coast.     

大连沿海排污口及邻近水域细菌动态分析

于2011年3月、5月、8月和10月对大连沿海10个排污口及部分排污口的邻近水域分别采集水样, 对样本进行细菌总数3M试纸计数、2216E培养基和TCBS培养基培养并菌落计数, 对不同菌株进行16S rRNA基因克隆测序, 鉴定种属, 对细菌时间、空间的动态分布与群落结构及细菌分布与生态因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明, 不同的排污口之间细菌总数差别很大, 数量在(1.6—500.0)×104cfu/mL之间; 排污口与其邻近水域差异明显, 排污口、邻近5m、100m和500m距离的细菌总数全年平均分别为77.94×104、 34.00×104、 4.520×104和0.448×104 cfu/mL。不同季节之间, 远距离水样季节性差异较大, 而排污口间季节性差异相对较小。在群落构成上, 假交替单胞菌属、肠杆菌科、假单胞菌属、弧菌属和希瓦氏菌属为优势菌属, 检出率较高, 数量较大。细菌分布与多种生态因子具有不同程度的相关。     

Evaluating techniques for sampling stream crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons)

We evaluated several capture and analysis techniques for estimating abundance and size structure of freshwater crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) (koura) from a forested North Island, New Zealand stream to provide a methodological basis for future population studies. Direct observation at night and collecting with baited traps were not considered useful. A quadrat sampler was highly biased toward collecting small individuals. Handnetting at night and estimating abundances using the depletion method were not as efficient as handnetting on different dates and analysing by a mark‐recapture technique. Electrofishing was effective in collecting koura from different habitats and resulted in the highest abundance estimates, and mark‐recapture estimates appeared to be more precise than depletion estimates, especially if multiple recaptures were made. Handnetting captured more large crayfish relative to electrofishing or the quadrat sampler.