山高水长路漫漫——纪念丁文江先生

丁文江先生是我国近代地质学的奠基人之一，也是中国地质学会的主要创始人之一。他在地质学的诸多领域都开展了卓有成效的工作，组建了我国最早的地质调查和科研机构，立德树人，培养了第一代地质学家，主导了前中央研究院的重大机构改革，为地质甚至科学事业在中国的落地生根起到了决定性的作用。同时他也积极参与到当时的社会和政治活动中，践行自己报效国家的理念。他是在我国开展系统性区域地质调查的第一人，开启了中国人系统地质填图的先河，先后填制了诸多不同比例尺的地质图，为后世我国构造地质界奠定了研究传统。他填图的区域从克拉通到造山带，从弱变形区到强变形带，填制的地质图也从简单到复杂，从关注地层到构造内容的逐步增加，不仅体现了一个地质学家野外填图经验和技术的逐步成熟，也体现了我国构造地质学逐渐从地层学中独立出来的过程。这个过程与国际上构造地质作为一个独立的专业从地层学中分离出来的阶段一致。因此丁文江先生不仅仅是我国地质学的奠基人之一，更是我国构造地质学的开山宗师。丁文江先生始终怀揣科学救国的信念，将自己的一生融入到科学救国、传播科学思想的过程中，将自己的科研活动与当时的国家建设联系，积极参与多项铁路选址、矿产调查与开发以及生态环境变迁等工作，这永远值得我们学习。他为中国地质学乃至科学发展做出的贡献永载史册。     

正断层三维生长和连接过程研究：以南海北部陆丰凹陷为例

正断层生长和侧向连接是最基本的三维地质构造问题，深入剖析其三维时 空演化过程对理解沉积盆地内正断层系统的形成与演化至关重要。 南海扩张时间和影响范围一直是国内外地学界研究的热点问题之一。南海北部珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷发育大量正断层，并覆盖有高精度二维地震反射剖面，成为研究上述问题的理想地区之一。本研究以陆丰凹陷为研究对象，开展三维构造解析和建模研究，为正断层系统三维时 空演化过程提供一个实例。研究结果表明：陆丰凹陷主控断层F1的生长和连接过程主要分三个阶段：晚白垩世—早古新世，两条断层分别形成并以孤立断层模式分别向两侧生长；早古新世—早渐新世，断层发生侧向连接作用合并为F1断层，连接处发育侧断坡；晚渐新世—中中新世，F1断层继续向两侧生长。基于F1断层定量分析（生长指数和断距），发现F1断层活动强度表现为先增加然后突然降低，其转折时间对应于T60界面，~23 Ma，较好地对应了西北次海盆扩张终止时间，说明南海北部扩张已经影响到陆丰凹陷。结合前人对珠江口盆地构造变形和演化研究，初步认为南海北部扩张波及的范围已跨过陆丰凹陷向大陆方向继续延伸，其北部边界可能对应于华南大陆南缘的滨海断裂带。本研究可为正断层系统三维生长过程研究提供案例，同时为南海扩张过程研究提供基础数据支撑。     

Relations Between Igneous and Metamorphic Rock Fracture Patterns and Groundwater Yield from the Variography of Water–Well Yields—Pinardville Quadrangle,New Hampshire

Exploratory variography was used to examine the spatial continuity of water–well yields in the Pinardville 7 Minute Quadrangle in southern New Hampshire and to link the variography to the characteristics of the fractured igneous and metamorphic rocks within the aquifer system. In addition to the analyses of variograms computed by using data from 939 wells, analyses were performed on subsets of the data that were stratified according to the level of yield and to five rock types. The stratification according to yield was defined by using the industry standard of a high-yield well that produces 40 gallons per minute or more. The stratification of the low-yield wells by rock type was defined by using the classification on the bedrock map for the State of New Hampshire. Although the variability is high in the low-yield wells, as indicated by the large nugget value, overall continuity ranges to 6000 feet in the fracture zones in which these wells have been drilled. This continuity is dominant in the northwesterly direction, as indicated by the directional variography. This result is consistent with the general trend in the larger tectonic configuration of the region. A lack of spatial correlation for 81 high-yield wells is consistent with the geologic interpretation that these wells occur in locally determined configurations of sheeting and steeply dipping fractures. Yield data in only three of the five rock types were sufficient for variography. Within these three, the dominant direction of the correlation structure ranged from northwesterly for the Massabesic Gneiss Complex to northeasterly for the Rangeley Formation to northerly for the Spaulding Granite, where the signature of the continuity in the low-yield wells is predominately attributed to the fracture system.     

地震活动性层次结构分析及危险区预测方法

对地震活动性进行层次结构分析可划分出不同的地震区带,中国大陆的地震活动可分为9个地震区带,分析各个区带的地震活动性可作出某一活跃期强震发生主体地区的判别,对某一个地震区带的地震活动进行层次结构分析可作出地震危险区预测。用震源面投影图代替点投影的震中分布图可更合理地解释一个构造带上强震的发生过程,更清楚地勾画出未来强震的孕震范围。对强震破裂区闭锁段、背景空区、孕震空区的关系用实测震例进行了解释。     

哈纳斯湖地区地貌与湖的成因

哈纳斯湖位于阿尔泰山深处,最大水深188.5m,平均水深122.1m。横断面具典型的箱形形态,在其底部存在现代活动地堑。湖盆的成因是强烈的构造断陷加上山谷冰川的创蚀及终碛垄的堰塞。随着终绩垄被出流下切,湖泊面积变小。     

闽北前加里东期变质基底的多期变形和构造层次研究

闽北前加里东期变质基底大致可以划分为三个构造层:下构造层下亚构造层的麻源群(古元古代)、下构造层上亚构造层马面山群(中元古代)和中构造层长汀浅变质岩系(新元古代—早古生代)。麻源群存在四个世代的变形,前两个世代以深构造层次共轴叠加的平卧褶皱为特征,后两个世代则发育浅构造层次的斜歪褶皱和膝折带构造。马面山群发育三个世代的构造变形,自早而晚分别为:深构造层次平卧褶皱、浅构造层次的紧闭相似褶皱及膝折带构造。长汀浅变质岩系除局部地段可能存在紧闭褶皱外,以膝折带构造及宽缓褶皱变形为主。     

闽北政和地区晋宁期变质岩系的构造变形特征

通过宏观和微观构造的详细研究表明,政和地区变质岩石共经历了四期构造变形作用。其中,前三期构造变形作用发生于晋宁期,第四期构造变形作用为后期加里东运动叠加的产物,四期构造变形作用所形成的构造形迹各不相同。变质岩石的区域性面理是第二期构造变形作用形成的轴面叶理,不代表原始沉积层理的产状。     

长江三峡工程构造应力场数值模拟

本文分别进行了长江三峡工程区域1/100万现今构造应力场有限元数值模拟和长江三峡工程库首区1/50万燕山期、新构造期和现今构造应力场演化规律模拟和分析。区域模拟结果表明:坝区不存在发生大于5级地震的构造应力场背景,库首区模拟结果表明:坝区不存在发生大于3级地震的构造应力场背景。     

川西双鱼石构造反转的有限元模拟证据

川西双鱼石研究区位于龙门山构造带北段，近年双鱼石区块进行的油气勘探证明该区具有良好的油气资源条件，查明该区构造发育特征和构造演化历史对区内油气勘探和开发具有重要意义。本文通过野外地质调研和地震资料解释，认为双鱼石研究区具有构造正反转特征；通过有限元模拟分析，印证了双鱼石研究区构造演化经历了晚三叠世之前被动大陆边缘环境，发育高角度正断层，而后在燕山期和喜山期受到龙门山造山运动影响构造反转，早期高角度正断层上下相邻软弱层诱发逆断层。     

Structural pattern of eastern Himalayan syntaxis in Namjagbarwa and its formation process

The structural pattern of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis in Namjagbarwa consists of two series of structures with different styles. One series compiles the earlier ductile contrac-tional and lateral-slip deformation system, formed by nearly north-south shortening within the syntaxis, left-lateral and right-lateral slipping along its western and eastern boundaries respectively. They were possibly produced by the indentation of the Indian continent into Asian continent after India-Asia collision. The peak deformation-metamorphic ages in these structures are 62-60 Ma, -23 Ma and -13 Ma. The other series is composed of ductile-brittle normal faults distributing concentrically and dipping toward the outsides of Namjagbarwa Peak. They were probably the collapse structures caused by rapid uplift in a later time and the beginning ages for the normal faulting are about 7.3-6.3 Ma.