Alice Springs age shear zones from the southeastern Reynolds Range,central Australia

The southeast Reynolds Range, central Australia, is cut by steep northwest‐trending shear zones that are up to hundreds of metres wide and several kilometres long. Amphibolite‐facies shear zones cut metapelites, while greenschist‐facies shear zones cut metagranites. Rb–Sr and ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar data suggest that both sets of shear zones formed in the 400–300 Ma Alice Springs Orogeny, with the sheared granites yielding well‐constrained ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar ages of ca 334 Ma. These data imply that the shear zones represent a distinct tectonic episode in this terrain, and were not formed during cooling from the ca 1.6 Ga regional metamorphism. A general correlation between regional metamorphic grade and the grade of Alice Springs structures implies a similar distribution of heat sources for the two events. This may be most consistent with both phases of metamorphism being caused by the burial of anomalously radiogenic heat‐producing granites. The sheared rocks commonly have undergone metasomatism implying that the shear zones were conduits of fluid flow during Alice Springs times.     

江苏栖霞山铅锌多金属矿床深部碳-氧-锶同位素地球化学特征及其指示意义

以栖霞山铅锌多金属矿床深部找矿钻孔岩心为对象,开展碳-氧-锶同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,栖霞山矿床矿石样品δ13CV-PDB同位素值为-5.1‰～1.9‰,且由浅部至深部,矿石样品的δ13C、δ18O值处于增大的趋势,指示成矿流体中的碳起源于碳酸盐岩、源自地幔和岩浆的深源碳。对锶同位素的研究显示,栖霞山矿石~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值为0.704816～0.71405,部分大于矿体围岩黄龙组灰岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值(0.708329～0.709685),部分小于矿体围岩黄龙组灰岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值,并与不同来源的Sr同位素对比,揭示栖霞山矿石中Sr兼具基底地层Sr和幔源Sr的混合来源特征,且在围岩蚀变过程中~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr的变化应主要由成矿流体引起。结合本区成矿地质特征认为,栖霞山矿床成矿流体可能来自花岗岩的期后热液,在热动力作用下,流经元古宇基底地层,形成具有混合物质来源的成矿流体,成矿作用过程主要为成矿流体与围岩碳酸盐岩发生水-岩反应所致。     

华南花岗岩分类与锶同位素和莫霍面的关系:花岗岩系列/类型分布与锶同位素趋势面分布和莫霍面深度变化的制约

根据花岗岩系列和类型编图,华南地区浅源南岭系列（系列I）花岗岩多产于中部和西部,深源长江系列（系列Ⅱ）花岗岩主要分布在东部。诸广山型（I1型）、大容山型（I2型）和关帝庙型（I3型）花岗岩的重点分布区,分别在中心腹地、西部和西北部湖南境内;宁芜型（Ⅱ1型）、德兴型（Ⅱ2型）和闽浙沿海型（Ⅱ3型）花岗岩的重点分布区,分别在长江中下游、中西与中东部深断裂带、东南沿海地区。花岗岩系列、类型的趋势面分析和莫霍面深度变化与上述花岗岩系列、类型分布特点对应得非常好,它们的等值线变化趋势几乎重合,相互间吻合一致,可以认为花岗岩的形成与地幔莫霍面的隆起与坳陷密切相关,地幔隆起区产出深源系列Ⅱ花岗岩,其中Ⅱ1、Ⅱ3型花岗岩尤为典型;地幔坳陷区发育浅源系列I花岗岩,以I2、I3型花岗岩很显著。     

大贵州滩二叠系—三叠系界线附近锶同位素组成特征

位于贵州南部的“大贵州滩”上,二叠系—三叠系界线附近地层为一套连续的发育完整的碳酸盐岩。二叠系顶部主要为厚层生物屑泥粒灰岩,而三叠系底部则主要为钙质微生物骨架灰岩及厚层粒泥灰岩。穿过二叠系—三叠系界线的取样累计厚度81m,二叠系和三叠系大致各占一半的厚度,共取样品91件,n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)值变化在0.707269～0.707409之间,平均为0.707327,低于现代海水的锶同位素比值的平均值（0.7090737）。锶同位素比值变化曲线表明从晚二叠世末期到早三叠世初期,同位素比值虽小幅度的起伏波动频繁,但总体上没有明显变化,三叠系底部的平均值（0.707330）略高于二叠系顶部的平均值（0.707323）。大贵州滩晚二叠世末至早三叠世初锶同位素组成的总体演化趋势与扬子台地及世界其它地方同时期的锶同位素组成的演化趋势（呈急剧的上升）不同,造成这种状况的原因可能是在全球事件控制的大背景下,由于大贵州滩特殊的环境条件,陆源物质对其影响小,导致了壳源锶对锶同位素组成的制约作用减弱,因而锶同位素组成未发生明显变化。     

Host rock dolomitization and secondary porosity development in the Upper Devonian Cairn Formation of the Fairholme carbonate complex (South‐west Alberta,Canadian Rockies): diagenesis and geochemical modelling

The Upper Devonian carbonate reefs in West‐central Alberta are important petroleum reservoirs that are well‐known for their extensive secondary porosity. An outcrop analogue study indicates that an early matrix‐selective dolomitization event occurred which is characterized by a major Late Devonian sea water component with increased salinity because of evaporation. It is interpreted that the matrix (replacive) dolomite formed during the Famennian as the result of a combination of both seepage and latent reflux dolomitization, although an additional type or overprinting of later intermediate burial dolomitization cannot be excluded. Formation of the moulds is attributed mainly to the dissolution of undolomitized fossil cores, most typically stromatoporoids. Geochemical modelling indicates that carboxylic acid fluids have the highest potential for dissolving residual calcite in this case. Geochemical models consistent with this analysis and interpretations can reproduce the secondary porosity and suggest a viable dolomitization process for the localities studied.     

Dolomitization by hypersaline reflux into dense groundwaters as revealed by vertical trends in strontium and oxygen isotopes: Upper Muschelkalk,Switzerland

The Trigonodus Dolomit is the dolomitized portion of the homoclinal ramp sediments of the Middle Triassic Upper Muschelkalk in the south‐east Central European Basin. Various dolomitizing mechanisms, followed by recrystallization, have been previously invoked to explain the low δ¹⁸O, high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, extensive spatial distribution and early nature of the replacive matrix dolomites. This study re‐evaluates the origin, timing and characteristics of the dolomitizing fluids by examining petrographic and isotopic trends in the Trigonodus Dolomit at 11 boreholes in northern Switzerland. In each borehole the ca 30 m thick unit displays the same vertical trends with increasing depth: crystal size increase, change from anhedral to euhedral textures, ultraviolet‐fluorescence decrease, δ¹⁸O_VPDB decrease from ?1·0‰ at the top to ?6·7‰ at the base and an ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr increase from 0·7080 at the top to 0·7117 at the base. Thus, dolomites at the top of the unit record isotopic values similar to Middle Triassic seawater (δ¹⁸O_VSMOW = 0‰; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0·70775) while dolomites at the base record values similar to meteoric groundwaters from the nearby Vindelician High (δ¹⁸O_VSMOW = ?4·0‰; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = >0·712). According to water–rock interaction modelling, a single dolomitizing or recrystallizing fluid cannot have produced the observed isotopic trends. Instead, the combined isotopic, geochemical and petrographic data can be explained by dolomitization via seepage‐reflux of hypersaline brines into dense, horizontally‐advecting groundwaters that already had negative δ¹⁸O and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values. Evidence for the early groundwaters is found in meteoric calcite cements that preceded dolomitization and in fully recrystallized dolomites with isotopic characteristics identical to the groundwaters following matrix dolomitization. This study demonstrates that early groundwaters can play a decisive role in the formation and recrystallization of massive dolomites and that the isotopic and textural signatures of pre‐existing groundwaters can be preserved during seepage‐reflux dolomitization in low‐angle carbonate ramps.     

High‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence investigation of calcite coralloid speleothems: Elemental incorporation and their potential as environmental archives

Synchrotron high‐resolution and micro‐X‐ray fluorescence elemental mapping of two coeval coralloid speleothems from Lamalunga Cave (Italy) are complemented with petrographic, morphological and microstratigraphic studies. The importance of these speleothems relies on their direct and indirect association with a complete Neanderthal skeleton (‘Altamura Man’) found inside the cave. The coralloids grew discontinuously between 64·6 ka and the Holocene and reveal exceptionally high concentrations of Mg, Sr and Si, particularly on convex surfaces, where evaporation is more intense. The incorporation of trace elements depends on several factors including location, shape and geometrical evolution during their growth, as well as climate and environmental parameters. This resulted in calcite precipitation with Sr compositions from 100 to 1200 ppm and an average concentration of 7000 ppm Mg. An unusually high Si content (up to 16%) is possibly derived from volcanic ash transported as particulate and in solution inside the cave. The most common fabrics observed consist of non‐fluorescent elongated columnar calcite forming clean isopachous bands and fluorescent fibre‐like crystals associated with laminated, lenticular bands high in Sr, Mg and Si. Variability in Sr, Mg and Si concentrations appears to induce fabric changes in the coralloids. Elongation and lattice distortion of the crystals was found to coincide with high Mg concentrations. The transition from compact elongated to open to fibre‐like, is here interpreted as due to high concentrations of Si and Sr, which are preferentially incorporated in the speleothem at crystal boundaries and intra‐laminae. It is here inferred that coralloid fabric changes and their elemental content potentially record local rainfall variations through time, with the clean compact calcite marking high infiltration and open fibre‐like and micrite fabrics recording dry periods.     

准噶尔盆地哈山地区石炭系—二叠系裂缝充填方解石的成因机制及石油地质意义

准噶尔盆地西北缘哈山地区经历了多期强烈构造活动,石炭系、二叠系裂缝发育且普遍充填方解石脉。通过对充填方解石脉的碳、氧、锶同位素和流体包裹体等地球化学分析,探讨了该区石炭系、二叠系成缝期后的地层流体活动及其与油气成藏的关系。结果表明,充填的方解石普遍受火山热液与油源流体的双重影响,δ13 C特征反映形成方解石的碳元素存在两类来源:地幔和大气CO2,δ18 O偏负特征主要反映高温流体介质的影响,87Sr/86Sr比值说明其受幔源锶和壳源锶的混合叠加影响;综合分析认为,区内裂缝充填的方解石脉存在三种成因机制:火山热液成因、油源流体改造成因和大气水改造成因,分别对应于三类流体活动,第一类,二叠纪火山热液的活动,第二类,晚二叠世以来的油源流体,第三类,燕山期—喜马拉雅期的大气水。与油源流体有关的方解石脉中次生含烃盐水包裹体的均一温度分布在70~80℃,100~110℃,130~160℃三个温度区间,分别对应二叠纪末、三叠纪末、白垩纪末三期油源流体充注,油源流体活动对区内石炭系、二叠系的油气成藏具有重要贡献。     

流体包裹体中Sr同位素的激光剥蚀多接收等离子体质谱原位微区分析

本文研究了用激光剥蚀多接收等离子体质谱（LA-MC-ICPMS）技术原位微区分析包裹体中Sr同位素的分析方法。5、10、16和30μm剥蚀序列进行包裹体的Sr同位素组成分析结果表明,包裹体中Sr同位素比值和Rb含量明显高于与包裹体接触的方解石矿物,从大个体包裹体（大于2μm）可获得较准确的Sr同位素组成（精密度为0.08%）。由于87Rb的含量只能通过85Rb计算而来,有限包裹体分析信号而导致的Sr同位素分析精度较传统的化学方法略差,因此本方法不能得到包裹体中的Rb-Sr年龄。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定重晶石矿石中BaSO4和Sr

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定重晶石矿石中Ba、Sr,再将Ba换算成BaSO₄.研究了基体对Sr测定的影响及消除.Ba、Sr相对标准偏差（RSD,n=12）分别为0.74%、3.3%.本方法简便、快速,准确.