王仙岭岩体地质地球化学特征及其对湘东南印支晚期构造环境的制约

王仙岭岩体位于湘东南,形成于晚三叠世,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成。岩石高硅、高钾、富碱,SiO2含量为70.99%～75.93%;K2O含量平均为4.32%;Na2O K2O为5.10%～8.67%;K2O/Na2O平均为2.09。A/CNK比值为1.07～2.44,KN/A比值为0.37～0.86,属高钾钙碱性系列强过铝质花岗岩类。REE含量低,平均为90.19μg/g;δEu值0.23～0.38;(La/Yb)N值为6.17～14.1;具Ba、Nb、Sr和Ti负异常。ISr值为0.72074,εSr(t)值为30,εNd(t)值为-12.0,t2DM为1.97Ga。源岩成分的A/MF-C/MF图解判别显示为碎屑岩。结合区域岩石圈结构,上述特征表明花岗岩源岩应为中地壳结晶片岩、片麻岩。根据多种氧化物与微量元素构造环境判别图解,结合地质特征、构造演化背景等,认为包括王仙岭岩体在内的湘东南印支期花岗岩形成于陆内同造山阶段的后碰撞构造环境。印支期花岗岩的具体形成机制为:在峰期变形之后挤压应力相对松弛,深部压力降低,因地壳增厚而升温的中地壳岩石因熔点降低而得以熔融,并在相对开放的环境下侵位成岩。     

西藏过铝花岗岩锆石群型的成因信息

锆石是西藏过铝花岗岩最重要的副矿物,为了探讨过铝花岗岩的成因,对西藏过铝花岗岩体中的锆石含量、晶体形态和群型分布特征进行了研究,结果表明,可明显分出5种锆石晶体形态;锆石主要在过铝环境条件下,岩浆结晶温度较低时形成,结晶范围为600～900℃,其中冈底斯带结晶温度高于喜马拉雅带。不同构造-岩浆带锆石群型特征反映的成因信息不同,喜马拉雅带为壳源成因,而冈底斯带除了壳源成因之外,还有幔源成分的加入,反映了青藏高原岩石圈组成和演化的不均一性。     

Zircon U-Pb ages,geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions of the Pinghe pluton,Southwest China: implications for the evolution of the early Palaeozoic Proto-Tethys in Southeast Asia

The geological record of the Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic Proto-Tethyan Ocean in Southeast Asia is not clear. To better constrain the evolution of the Proto-Tethys, we present new geochronology, geochemistry, and petrology of the late Cambrian to Ordovician Pinghe pluton monzogranite from the Baoshan block, western Yunnan, southwest China. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of four zircon samples yield ages of 482–494 and 439–445 Ma for the pluton, interpreted as two episodes within one magmatic event accompanying the whole process of subduction–collision–orogeny between buoyant blocks and oceanic crust of the Proto-Tethys. The monzogranite belongs to the strong peraluminous, high-K, calc-alkaline series and shows characteristics of both I-type and S-type granitic rocks. It is characterized by extremely high Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba but low TiO₂, MgO, FeOt, and CaO/Na₂O ratios. The monzogranite is also moderately enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs), depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), lacks HREE fractionation, and has strongly negative Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.06–0.49), Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, and Ti anomalies. Whole-rock ε_Nd(t) and ε_Hf(t) values range from ?8.7 to ?11.6 and ?5.55 to ?9.58, respectively. Nd and Hf two-stage model ages range from 1.66 to 2.06 Ga and 2.14 to 3.00 Ga, respectively, with variable radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_(t) (16.547–18.705), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_(t) (15.645–15.765), and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_(t) (38.273–38.830). These signatures suggest that the monzogranite magma was derived from partial melting of heterogeneous metapelite, which was generated from Neoarchean to Palaeoproterozoic materials mixed with basaltic magma. The monzogranite magma underwent crystallization differentiation of plagioclase, K-feldspar, and ilmenite. Magmatism to form the Pinghe pluton occurred in a post-collisional setting. Based on the comparison of coeval granites throughout adjacent regions (e.g. Himalayan orogen, Lhasa Terrane, and parts of Gondwana supercontinent), we propose that the Baoshan block was derived from the northern Australian Proto-Tethyan Andean-type active continental margin of Gondwana and experienced subduction of the Proto-Tethyan oceanic crust and accretion of an outboard micro-continent. The Pinghe pluton could have formed when a subducting oceanic slab broke off during collision.     

层析法在黄土塬区近地表结构调查中的应用

我国西部黄土塬区的静校正问题十分突出,精细、准确的近地表结构调查对于解决激发井深的设计和静校正问题尤为重要,但该区的常规小折射解释精度极低,微测井难以追踪到高速层。在充分试验的基础上,提出了一种新的近地表结构调查方法——层析近地表结构调查法,该方法有效解决了上述难点,与常规小折射方法比较,该方法获取的近地表结构信息更丰富,刻画的近地表结构更为精细,能够较好地用于井深设计和静校正处理中初始模型的建立。     

西藏南部岗巴—定日地区花岗岩地球化学特征及其构造环境

通过对出露于西藏南部岗巴—定日地区花岗岩体的地球化学研究表明,岩石中SiO2,Al2O3,Na2O和FeO,MgO等的含量均高,贫CaO和Fe2O3;w(SiO2)介于71.40%～73.06%,A/CNK在1.17～1.34之间,为铝和硅过饱和类型的强过铝质花岗岩。岩石的稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为56.80×10-6～89.12×10-6,(La/Yb)N=6.30～18.26,(La/Sm)N=2.62～3.40,ΣLREE/ΣHREE=2.41～4.66;稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱的负铕异常。Nb,Ti等高场强元素具有明显的亏损,而Rb,U,La,Nd,Hf,Eu,Y等大离子亲石元素具有明显的正异常。岩石的87Sr/86Sr初始比值较高,87Sr/86Sr为(0.738 71～0.751 12)。综合研究认为,本区花岗岩的成因为陆壳部分熔融作用形成的,属陆壳改造型强过铝质花岗岩。本区花岗岩岩浆源区岩石成分主要为砂屑岩,其次为泥质岩,是上地壳部分熔融作用的结果。岩石的微量元素标准化曲线图、岩石地R1-R2图解、Rb-(Yb+Ta)和Rb-(Nb+Yb)图解均显示本区岩体形成于同碰撞构造环境的花岗岩,具有同碰撞岩浆活动的特征,是喜马拉雅早期印度板块与冈底斯板块的俯冲碰撞导致的地壳增厚,上地壳部分熔融的产物;为形成于同碰撞构造环境的花岗岩。     

新疆西准噶尔哈图岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义

哈图岩体侵位于西准噶尔南部早-中泥盆世海相火山-沉积地层中,主要岩性为二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩及少量碱长花岗岩,是研究西准噶尔晚石炭世构造环境的理想对象。哈图岩体花岗岩中SiO2含量(质量分数,下同)为72.06%~76.53%,全碱(Na2O+K2O)为7.80%~8.57%,CaO为0.20%~1.58%,MgO为0.07%~0.42%,明显具有高Si、富碱、贫Ca、低Mg的特征;这些花岗岩的Al2O3含量为12.55%~14.06%,A/CNK值为1.06~1.15,A/NK值为1.15~1.36,显示其为弱过铝质-强过铝质花岗岩。此外,哈图岩体具有较低的稀土元素总含量((88.14~139.53)×10-6)和高的轻、重稀土元素比值((La/Yb)N值为3.04~6.50),在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式中显示为典型的右倾"V"字形且具有强烈的负Eu异常,表明源区可能有斜长石残留或出现斜长石的分离结晶作用;在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图中,这些花岗岩明显富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,相对富集Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Sr、Ti、P,相对亏损Ba、Nb。以上特征及主量、微量元素特征和图解表明,哈图岩体为典型的弱过铝质-强过铝质A2型花岗岩,其形成于造山后伸展阶段,是由洋壳和岛弧组成的新生地壳受上涌的幔源物质加热,在浅部低压条件下发生部分熔融,再经分离结晶作用的产物。     

Petrogenesis,Geodynamics and Radioactivity of the Granitic Rocks of the Nugrus Weakness Zone,South Eastern Desert,Egypt

The studied granitic bodies belong to the south Eastern Desert of Egypt. They extend in a NNW–SSE trend along the same strike of the Nugrus weakness zone by which they are structurally controlled. These rocks are composed of biotite and biotite-muscovite monzogranites to syenogranites. Geochemically, a higher abundance of Ba and Rb in biotite granites with a relatively low abundance in biotite-muscovite granites as well as the diversity of Th, U, Nb, Ta, Zr, and REE reflects their origin from different sources and geodynamic settings. The biotite granites are predominantly metaluminous to low peraluminous whereas the biotite-muscovite granites have a peraluminous nature. Potassium enrichment at the expense of calcium in these rocks reflects a derivation from crustal sources by partial melting in the presence of a volatile system. Radiometric investigation showed high abundances of U(up to 38 ppm) and Th(up to 26 ppm) in biotite-muscovite granites relative to biotite granites(up to 5 ppm U and 18 ppm Th). Radioactive anomalies furthermore have been recorded in parts of biotite-muscovite granites that were affected by the faults(up to 116 ppm eU and 97 ppm eTh). Consequently, biotite-muscovite granites form a potentially fertile source for uranium mineralization.     

Early Cretaceous A-type Granites in the Dandong Area,NE China and its Geodynamical Implications

A-type granites, as an important petrologic sign to build up environmental recognition, were mainly formed in extensional tectonic settings. A biotite syenogranite from the Fenghuangshan pluton in Dandong, Liaoning Province gave SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of 122.5 ± 1.6 Ma, 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma and 126.9 ± 1.1 Ma. The monzogranites have SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of 118.2 ± 1.6 Ma, 128.1 ± 1.7 Ma and 131.6 ± 1.9 Ma, giving an emplacement age for the pluton in the Early Cretaceous. SiO2 is 65.48–74.49 wt%, whereas that of K2O is 4.16–6.44 wt%, and that of Na2O is 2.99–4.70 wt%. They also contain 13.24–15.76 wt% of Al2O3, with an A/CNK ratio of 0.92–1.10, averaging 1.02. The alkalinity rate (AR) ranges from 2.68 to 5.12, and this range is within the AR of peraluminous type rocks. The granites of Fenghuangshan pluton are characterized by high contents of Na and K and low contents of Ca (thermophile element) and Mg, which are features of A-type granites. The (Na2O + K2O) ? Fe2O3* × 5 ? (CaO + MgO) × 5 discrimination diagram also shows that Fenghuangshan pluton is an A2-type granite. The above granite has zircon εHf(t) values ranging from ?17.06 to ?9.09, with single-stage Hf model ages (TDM) of 1141 Ma to 1498 Ma and two-stage Hf crustal model ages (TDMC) of 1762 Ma to 2263 Ma. A comprehensive analysis suggests that the Fenghuangshan pluton might have been formed from the lithospheric-plate sliding during the late stages of evolution of hot rift structures and might have been closely associated with the tectonic settings of Mesozoic Eurasia and the ancient Pacific Plate.     

花岗岩中原生与次生白云母的鉴别特征及其地质意义——以赣南富城强过铝质花岗岩体为例

通过显微镜下观察和电子探针成分分析,发现赣南富城强过铝质花岗岩中存在3种类型白云母,即原生白云母、交代型白云母和次生白云母,其平均晶体化学式分别为:K1.62Na0.06Fe0.32Mg0.39Ti0.02Al4.89Si6.54O10(OH)4(原生白云母)、K1.55Na0.07Fe0.43Mg0.24Ti0.03Al4.96Si6.50O10(OH)4(交代型白云母)、K1.51Na0.07Fe0.27Mg0.21Ti0.00Al4.98Si6.65O10(OH)4(次生白云母)。根据富城花岗岩主要造岩矿物的结晶顺序(斜长石→钾长石→黑云母→白云母→石英),结合白云母、黑云母稳定曲线及合成花岗岩初融曲线对比分析,富城强过铝质花岗岩中交代型白云母是在花岗岩结晶过程中交代较早晶出的黑云母形成的,其形成温度高于花岗岩熔体的固相线温度(～650℃),故应归属于原生白云母。本文提出根据岩石学宏观特征、岩石化学特征及岩相学微观特征区分花岗岩中原生白云母与次生白云母的综合鉴别方法。     

阿尔泰造山带阿巴宫花岗岩体年代学及地球化学研究

花岗岩的成因和演化一直是颇受关注的科学问题。新疆阿尔泰阿巴宫岩体位于北阿尔泰喀纳斯-可可托海古生代岩浆弧南界;利用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测得该岩体的形成年龄为462.5±3.6Ma (MSDW=1.4),即侵入时代为奥陶纪中期。岩石地球化学特征显示高硅、富钾,Rb、Th、U、La等富集,Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb强烈亏损, LREE富集、HREE分馏不明显,较强负铕异常以及铝过饱和特征;铝过饱和指数1.09~1.39,属于高钾钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩（SP）。综合前人有关阿尔泰造山带发展、演化的研究成果,认为阿巴宫岩体形成于大陆岩浆弧环境,是陆壳物质部分熔融的结果。