一种产生Fuzzy拓扑和Smooth拓扑的方法及其应用

利用邻域度给出了1种由fuzzy拓扑产生smooth拓扑的方法;利用smooth拓扑的自身结构给出了smooth拓扑产生fuzzy拓扑的方法,讨论了它们在映射间的联系并引入了强smooth拓扑并获得了一些重要结果.     

西藏当雄地区拉屋矿床二长花岗岩地球化学特征及构造背景

西藏拉屋矿床位于冈底斯铜铅锌多金属成矿带东段。通过对拉屋矿区出露的二长花岗岩地球化学研究表明,岩石中SiO_2、Al_2O_3和CaO等的含量均高、贫Fe和低Na_2O;w(SiO_2)含量为65.40%~74.43%,A/CNK值在1.41~2.20之间,为强过铝质花岗岩。岩石稀土总量ΣREE(不含Y)较低,为(5.08~80.38)×10~(-6),LaN/YbN值为2.43~5.65,ΣLREE/ΣHREE为1.63~3.64,稀土元素配分型式为右倾型,具负铕异常。Nb、Ti、Zr、Ce等高场强元素和Ba明显的亏损,K、Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素明显的富集。综合研究认为,本区花岗岩的物质来源于上部陆壳,岩浆源区岩石成分为泥质岩;该岩体为形成于同碰撞构造环境、地壳加厚阶段的过铝质花岗岩。     

内蒙古艾勒格庙强过铝质花岗岩定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古艾勒格庙二长花岗岩岩体分布在锡林浩特-艾勒格庙前寒武纪微陆块的西部,利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石UPb法测得其形成年龄为418.5±1.1Ma,侵入时代为晚志留世末期。岩石地球化学特征显示高硅(SiO_2 74.22%~75.51%),富钾(K_2O 5.41%~5.78%),铝饱和指数A/CNK在1.17~1.21之间,属于高钾钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩类。微量元素特征为富集Rb、Th、U、Pb、K和重稀土元素(Yb 3.74×10~(-6)~9.65×10~(-6)),强烈亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素。该岩体形成于后碰撞构造环境,是地壳增厚后折返减压部分熔融的产物。它的存在揭示,艾勒格庙苏左旗北部造山带在晚志留世之前已经发生弧陆碰撞,之后的顶志留世—中泥盆世为后碰撞-后造山的伸展背景。     

阿尔金中段大通沟花岗岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其成因

出露于阿尔金中段的大通沟花岗岩体,岩性主要为二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(353.7±1.1)Ma。SiO_2为74.5%~76.2%,Al_2O_3为12.62%~14.15%,(Na_2O+K_2O)为7.71%~8.29%,K_2O/Na_2O为0.9~1.22,A/CNK介于1.0~1.19之间,属高钾钙碱性系列的过铝质-强过铝质花岗岩。该岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损素Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE);∑REE变化范围大(∑REE=85.7×10~(-6)~153.2×10~(-6),平均为111×10~(-6)),具有强烈的负Eu异常(δEu=0.03~0.59,平均0.33),LREE/HREE=3.52~11.9,轻稀土相对富集,轻重稀土分馏明显。微量元素地球化学特征表明,其源区物质主要来源于上地壳的变杂砂岩和变泥质岩类。锆石饱和温度计演算结果显示锆石的结晶温度为722~745℃(平均735℃),估算二长花岗岩源区的压力为0.8~1.6GPa。综合区域地质资料,阿尔金中段大通沟花岗岩体的形成与造山带根部块体的拆沉作用有关。     

Metamorphism and granite genesis in the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt, Hokkaido, Japan

The Main Zone of the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt is an uplifted crustal section of island-arc type. The crust was formed during early Tertiary time, as a result of collision between two arc–trench systems of Cretaceous age. The crustal metamorphic sequence is divided into four metamorphic zones (I–IV), in which zone IV is in the granulite facies. A detailed study of the evolution of the Hidaka Belt, based on a revised P–T–t analysis of the metamorphic rocks, notably a newly found staurolite-bearing granulite, confirms a prograde isobaric heating path, after a supposed event of tectonic thickening of accretionary sedimentary and oceanic crustal rocks. During the peak metamorphic event (c. 53 Ma), the regional geothermal gradient attained 33–40° C km^?1, and the highest P–T condition obtained from the lowest part of the granulite unit is 830° C, 7 kbar. In this part, X_H2O of Gt–Opx–Cd gneiss is about 0.15 and that of Gt–Cd–Bt gneiss is 0.4. The P–T–X_H2O condition of the granulite unit is well within a field where fluid-present partial melting of pelitic and greywacke metamorphic rocks takes place. This is in harmony with the restitic nature of the Gt–Opx–Cd gneiss in the lowest part of the granulite unit. The possibility that partial melting took place in the Main Zone is significant for the genesis of the peraluminous (S-type) granitic rocks within it. The S-type granitic rocks in this zone are Opx–Gt–Bt tonalite in the granulite zone, Gt–Cd–Bt tonalite in the amphibolite zone, and Cd–Bt–Mus tonalite in the Bt–Mus gneiss zone. The mineralogical and chemical nature of these strongly peraluminous tonalitic rocks permit them to be regarded as having been derived from S-type granitic magma generated by crustal anatexis of pelitic metamorphic rocks in deeper crust.     

西藏日土县松西地区过铝质花岗岩的地球化学特征及构造背景

西藏羌塘北部松西地区分布有白云母二长花岗岩,岩石以高Al、K和低Fe、Mg组分为特征,ANKC值平均1.16,大于1.1,属典型的过铝质花岗岩类.CaO/Na2O在0.257～0.516之间,平均0386,地球化学特征显示其是泥质岩局部熔融所形成的.40Ar-39Ar年龄为101.42Ma±0.18Ma,形成时代为早白垩世晚期.它的出现标志着班公湖-怒江结合带闭合后继续向北发生陆内俯冲,是后碰撞构造环境形成的花岗岩.     

西藏羌塘中部玛依岗日地区印支期花岗岩的地球化学特征

羌塘中部玛依岗日地区出露有一处印支期强过铝质钙碱性花岗岩(SP),属于S型花岗岩(CPGs的一种),不同于西藏南部广大的过铝质花岗岩(MPGs)。该花岗岩的地球化学特征表现为:A/CNK>1,刚玉标准分子的质量分数均大于1.21%,低Sr、Ba、Ti,富K、Rb、Th,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线具有略微右倾的V字形特征,具较强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.26～0.53,平均0.36)。CaO/Na2O<0.3,表明源岩为泥质岩石;Al2O3/TiO2<100,表明其为高温型(≥875℃)花岗岩。另外,该花岗岩(SP)与蓝片岩、榴辉岩的形成时代相同。在印支期晚期冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞的过程中,炽热的幔源岩浆的底侵或注入引起了地壳中泥质源岩的脱水熔融,最终形成了该区的过铝质钙碱性花岗岩。     

瑶岭钨矿白基寨花岗岩地质特征及成矿意义

通过地质填图、钻探、土壤地球化学、磁法测量和岩石地球化学等手段,揭露了白基寨花岗岩的空间架构和地质特征,并分析了花岗岩的地球化学特征。该岩体具有高分异性(SiO270%,δEu在0.03～0.09之间),高K2O,且K2O/Na2O1等特征。Ba、Nb、P和Ti相对亏损,Rb、Ta、Th和K等大离子亲石元素富集,稀土元素四分组效应明显,呈海鸥"V"型。花岗岩源岩为泥质岩和硬砂岩混合而成,形成于同碰撞环境。岩体具有边部倾角小,高挥发份元素向上运移明显、强烈流体、熔体相互作用等有利成矿条件特点,在岩体边部成矿流体与碳酸岩盐相互作用形成白钨矿化体。矿区中部凹勺状区域和ZK3002-ZK3001段是找矽卡岩型白钨矿的有利潜在区域。     

Strongly peraluminous granites of Mesozoic in Eastern Nanling Range,southern China: Petrogenesis and implications for tectonics

The strongly peraluminous granites (SPGs) of Eastern Nanling Range (ENR) are a characteristic of all bearing highly aluminous minerals, such as muscovite±AI-rich biotite±tourmaline±garnet, and lack of cordierite. In respect of petrography, geochemistry, Nd isotope, and single grain zircon U-Pb dating, the representative granite bodies of them are studied. The research shows that these granites were emplaced in two stages, namely 228-225 Ma BP and J2-3 159-156 Ma BP, belonging to Indosinian and early Yanshanian periods, respectively, and they have low εNd(t) values (-10.6--11.1), high A/CNK, Rb/Sr ratios and tDM values (1887-1817 Ma), and REE's tetrad effect (TE1,3=1.13-1.34). In comparison with related geology, petrology and chronology of granites in adjacent regions, it is suggested that Indosinian SPGs of ENR formed in the circumstance of post-collisional extension 20 Ma after the major collision of Indosinian Movement (258-243 Ma BP) in Indo-China Peninsula, and early Yanshanian SPGs formed in the     

中阿尔泰造山带北缘早泥盆世构造环境探讨:来自托普色克他乌地区过铝质花岗岩年代学和地球化学的制约

中阿尔泰造山带北缘早泥盆世花岗岩的年代学和地球化学研究,对探讨该地区早泥盆世构造格架和演化过程具有重要意义。针对侵入于喀纳斯群哲里开特组的托普色克他乌花岗闪长岩体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得其^( 206)Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为404 Ma±3.2 Ma(MSWD=0.32),为早泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。全岩地球化学分析表明,岩石具有高硅(w_SiO2