河北迁安杏山铁矿床地球化学特征及其对成矿物质来源的指示

不同学者曾对迁安地区铁矿床的前寒武地质、岩石学和地球化学等方面进行了深入的研究,但是其成矿物质来源至今没有进行深入探讨。危机矿山勘察在迁安杏山矿床中发现了富大铁矿体,但其成因不明。本文通过对迁安富矿和普通矿石的主量、微量元素和稀土元素研究,结果表明它们的化学成分主要由Fe₂O₃(T)、SiO₂组成,并且Al₂O₃和TiO₂具有较低的含量,指示其形成时几乎没有碎屑物质的加入。而经PAAS标准化后,稀土元素的配分模式表现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集的特征,无论是富矿还是普通矿石,都具有Eu正异常、其Co/Zn和Ni/Zn比值与热液类似的特征,表明形成时有高温热液加入;其Y/Ho > 44、Y的正异常表明其有海水的成因;La/La*表明其没有陆源碎屑加入;La_N/YV_N < 1,表明既有海水特征,又有热液特征,所有这些数据都显示了迁安铁矿矿石的物质来源为海水和热液,与其他地方BIF铁矿物质来源一致。由于富矿和普通矿石的物质来源一致、主微量及稀土元素含量和分布类似、铁矿物主要为磁铁矿、原始沉积条带明显,推断富矿可能是火山一沉积建造原始沉积时由于局部富铁环境而形成的。      

The early Precambrian history of rock metamorphism in the Urals segment of crust

Early Precambrian rock units in the Urals are present in several polymetamorphic complexes, which are exposed in the Urals in the form of small (<1500 km²) tectonic blocks. Their ages are Archaean (as old as 3.5 Ga) and Palaeoproterozoic. During the formation of these complexes in the early Precambrian, two stages of ultra-high-temperature (granulite) metamorphism occurred. The maximum age of the early Neoarchaean stage of metamorphism is 2.79 Ga. Evidence of this metamorphic event includes the dating of the Taratash gneiss-granulite complex of the South Urals. Gneiss-migmatite complexes, which dominate the lower Precambrian section of the Urals, were formed in the Palaeoproterozoic during the sequential appearance of granulite facies metamorphism followed by amphibolite facies metamorphism and accompanying granitization. The maximum age of the Palaeoproterozoic stage of granulite metamorphism in the Alexandrov gneiss-migmatite complex, the most well-studied complex in the South Urals, is 2.08 Ga.     

山东韩旺新太古代条带状铁矿的稀土和微量元素特征

山东韩旺条带状铁矿是一个新太古代大型鞍山式铁矿床, 本文主要对韩旺条带状铁矿进行了岩石学和岩石化学方面的研究, 并与国内外该类型矿床进行对比。岩石学研究结果认为其经受了绿片岩相至低角闪岩相变质作用, 磁铁矿部分受到变质重结晶, 但局部仍保存有化学沉积的特征。在TFe-(CaO+MgO)-SiO2图解中, 其分布与五台山条带状铁矿和世界条带状铁矿分布区一致。韩旺铁矿稀土元素含量较低, 具有太古宙海洋沉积的特征, 在PAAS(太古宙后平均澳大利亚沉积岩)标准化的稀土配分曲线中显示轻稀土的相对亏损和重稀土的相对富集, 具有较强的Eu的正异常和明显的Y的正异常, 无明显的Ce异常, 这一特征与我国鞍山弓长岭和五台山及世界许多地区的太古宙BIF特征一致。微量元素中Ti、V、Co、Ni、Mn、Sr、Ba等元素的含量都较低, 在原始地幔标准化的微量元素配分曲线中具U、Ta、La、Ce、P正异常, K、Nb、Sr、Hf、Zr负异常。文章中也对韩旺条带状铁矿中Sr/Ba、Ti/V等元素的比值与其他地区进行了对比。综合研究结果认为韩旺条带状铁矿具有与火山热液伴生的铁质, 形成于海洋化学沉积环境。     

重庆焦页143-5井五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩有机质富集机理

上扬子地区五峰组-龙马溪组黑色岩系是我国南方重要的海相烃源岩,也是目前我国页岩气勘探开发的重要层位之一,前人对其有机质富集因素的综合分析和富集因素之间的关系研究较少.以渝东南武隆地区焦页143-5井为例,对五峰组-龙马溪组下段黑色岩系进行了地层学及古海洋环境的研究,探讨了古气候、火山活动、古海洋生产力和氧化还原特征及其...     

Cryogenian ophiolite tectonics and metallogeny of the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt

The Central Eastern Desert (CED) is characterized by the widespread distribution of Neoproterozoic intra-oceanic island arc ophiolitic assemblages. The ophiolitic units have both back-arc and forearc geochemical signatures. The forearc ophiolitic units lie to the west of the back-arc related ones, indicating formation of an intra-oceanic island arc system above an east-dipping subducted slab (present coordinates). Following final accretion of the Neoproterozoic island arc into the western Saharan Metacraton, cordilleran margin magmatism started above a new W-dipping subduction zone due to a plate polarity reversal. We identify two belts in the CED representing ancient arc–forearc and arc–back-arc assemblages. The western arc–forearc belt is delineated by major serpentinite bodies running ～NNW–SSE, marking a suture zone. Ophiolitic units in the back-arc belt to the east show an increase in the subduction geochemical signature from north to south, culminating in the occurrence of bimodal volcanic rocks farther south. This progression in subduction magmatism resulted from diachronous opening of a back-arc basin from north to south, with a bimodal volcanic arc evolving farther to the south. The intra-oceanic island arc units in the CED include coeval Algoma-type banded iron formations (BIFs) and volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. Formation of the BIFs was related to opening of an ocean basin to the north, whereas development of the VMS was related to rifting of the island arc in the south. Gold occurs as vein-type mineral deposits, concentrated along the NNW–SSE arc–forearc belt. The formation of these vein-type gold ore bodies was controlled by the circulation of hydrothermal fluids through serpentinites that resulted in Au mobilization, as constrained by the close spatial association of auriferous quartz veins with serpentinites along the western arc–forearc belt.     

河南舞阳铁山庙式BIF铁矿的矿物学与地球化学特征及对矿床成因的指示

河南舞阳铁矿位于华北克拉通南缘.铁山庙式铁矿是舞阳铁矿的一部分,赋存于新太古界太华杂岩铁山庙组表壳岩中.本文根据铁山庙式铁矿中三种不同类型矿石(条带状石英-辉石-磁铁矿、块状辉石-磁铁矿、块状石英-磁铁矿)中磁铁矿的矿物成分、全岩/矿的主量元素及微量元素特征,探讨铁山庙式铁矿床的成因.磁铁矿单矿物成分分析表明,条带状石英-辉石-磁铁矿矿石中磁铁矿的FeOT含量90.6％ ～93.1％,平均91.8％;块状辉石-磁铁矿矿石中磁铁矿的FeOT含量90.7％～91.2％,平均91.0％;块状石英-磁铁矿矿石中磁铁矿的FeOT含量92.0％～93.0％,平均92.4％.上述平均值均与磁铁矿FeOT的理论值(93.1％)接近.三种类型矿石的其它元素如TiO2、MgO、MnO、CaO、Al2O3 Cr2O3 NiO等含量均＜0.1％,无明显区别,表明该区磁铁矿为含杂质极少的纯磁铁矿,表现出沉积变质成因磁铁矿的特征.矿石中斜方辉石-单斜辉石及近矿围岩紫苏辉石-长石-石英矿物组合,表明铁山庙式矿床经受了高级变质作用,石英、磁铁矿等矿物普遍发生变质重结晶,颗粒粗大,但仍保存原有的地球化学组成.元素地球化学分析显示,三种类型矿石中SiO2 、TiO2 Al2O3、P2O5的含量相近;块状辉石-磁铁矿较其它二者相对贫铁、富钙、镁,这是由于块状辉石-磁铁矿石中富含铁普通辉石和铁次透辉石所致;矿石中TiO2、Al2O3含量都极低,说明该区成岩成矿过程中未受到碎屑物质的混染.三种不同类型矿石的主量元素含量总体上都与世界典型BIF的相近.对于稀土元素,三种类型矿石均具有轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集((La/Yb)PAAS=0.29～0.995＜1),La、Eu、Y的正异常(La/La*=1.10～1.89;Eu/Eu* =1.30～2.23;Y/Y* =1.47～1.84),较高的Y/Ho比值(39.7 ～51.3),具有现代海水及高温热液混合特征.因此,我们认为铁山庙式铁矿三种不同类型的矿石是极少受到陆源碎屑混染的化学沉积成因,虽遭受后期变质作用,但仍属BIF型铁矿.     

鞍山—本溪地区前寒武纪条带状铁建造铁矿时代、物质来源与形成环境

前寒武纪条带状铁建造(BIFs)蕴含丰富的铁矿石资源,记录了早期地球演化的重要信息。鞍山—本溪地区发育巨量的太古宙BIFs。鞍山—本溪地区BIFs由互层的硅铁条带组成,金属矿物以磁铁矿为主,含少量赤铁矿、黄铁矿及菱铁矿等。围岩与BIFs呈整合接触,具有变火山岩的岩石学特征及地球化学特征,表明BIFs属于阿尔戈玛型,其变火山岩围岩年龄可大致代表BIFs沉积时代。锆石U-Pb年代学显示,鞍山—本溪地区至少发育约3.10Ga及约2.55Ga两期BIFs沉积成矿事件,后者在华北克拉通广泛发育。鞍山—本溪地区BIFs地球化学具有以下特征:1低的TiO2与Al2O3含量及高场强元素负异常,表明沉积过程中陆源碎屑物质加入量很少;2PAAS标准化REE配分模式显示重稀土元素富集,La、Y及Eu正异常,暗示BIFs沉积自海水与海底高温热液的混合溶液;3接近同时代亏损地幔的εNd(t)值(3.0~4.7),表明Fe可能来源于海底热液活动淋滤洋壳;4BIFs中仅发育少量黄铁矿,基本不显示Ce负异常且富集铁的重同位素(δ(57Fe)值为(0.13~2.73)×10-3),暗示古海洋整体处于低硫、缺氧环境,BIFs的沉淀可能与富Fe2+溶液遭遇环境突变有关。元素地球化学分析表明,大孤山与陈台沟围岩具有弧火山岩特征,南芬与歪头山围岩类似于弧后盆地玄武岩,因此,鞍山—本溪地区BIFs沉积于火山弧相关构造背景。     

山东省地层划分对比厘定意见

山东省地层大部属华北地层大区晋冀鲁豫地层区,再分为华北平原、鲁西及鲁东三个地层分区,鲁东南海域日照市平岛、达山岛及车牛山岛等属华南地层大区扬子地层区连云港地层分区。岩石地层分为27个（岩）群120个（岩）组12个正式段,还有相当数量的非正式段。恢复奥陶纪东黄山组、北庵庄组、土峪组、五阳山组、阁庄组、八陡组,并6个组为马家沟群;恢复二叠纪黑山组、万山组、奎山组和孝妇河组,并4个组为石盒子群;在青州—临朐地区识别出奥陶纪亮甲山组。地质代号原则上遵从最新的国家标准及行业标准。     

内蒙古达茂旗地区腮林忽洞组地层特征及时代讨论

笔者对腮林忽洞组的岩石地层特征、层序地层、生物(叠层石)地层进行了深入研究。将腮林忽洞组划分为4个岩性段、7个三级层序;根据叠层石组合特征,建立了3个叠层石组合;结合前人获得的两件同位素年龄(207Pb/204Pb)数据,认为腮林忽洞组的时代应归属中元古代长城纪—蓟县纪。     

Siliciclastic‐hosted iron‐formations in the early Archaean Barberton and Pilbara sequences

Iron‐formation and associated chert and jasper are subordinate to, but commonly intercalated within the upper, dominantly terriginous clastic sequences in the early Archaean Barberton Mountain Land (South Africa) and Pilbara Block (Western Australia). The iron‐formation, jaspillite and chert are exclusively lutitic and occur in a variety of palaeoenvironmental settings, namely: (1) at the base of prograda‐tional submarine fan sequences; (2) within interchannel mudstones enclosing inner and mid‐fan channel deposits; (3) capping Bouma turbidite beds; (4) intercalated within outer‐fan to basin‐plain mudstones; (5) at the base of progradational offshore shelf‐beach sequences; and (6) in lacustrine deposits intercalated within thick, braided, alluvial sequences. These associations suggest that the iron‐formations and associated orthochemical sediments define diastems and that precipitation took place in any environments basinwards of or between events of terrigenous influx. Recognition of such diverse environments of deposition places constraints on existing models for the origin of iron‐formations. Insofar as being removed from terrigenous dilution at the time of accumulation, any of the iron‐formations, cherts or jaspilites are potential precious and base‐metal targets.