探测一阶模态三重分裂的MSE技术和SHS方法的比较研究

完全剥离一阶模态_nS₁的三重分裂信号将有助于识别出其全部分裂谱线,进而更好地约束地球内部结构.理想情况下,球谐叠加法(SHS)与多台站实验技术(MSE)均可剥离一阶模态_nS₁的三重分裂信号,但部分学者持不同观点.本文基于对二者的理论分析进一步确认,在自耦合前提下,MSE方法可成功剥离_nS₁的三重分裂信号;而SHS方法在实际应用中无法成功剥离_nS₁的三重分裂信号,但可相对增强目标信号的振幅强度.此外,本文解释了MSE可剥离单线态信号的真实原因,并指出由于MSE未考虑全频段耦合影响,故仅适用于1 mHz以下的低频模态.鉴于超导重力(SG)数据在1 mHz以下比宽频地震数据具有更高的信噪比,因此,为验证本文结论并弄清MSE和SHS的实质,基于模拟数据及SG台站实测数据,本文利用MSE和SHS分别对一阶模态的合成信号及模态₃S₁进行了探测分析.实验结果表明,MSE可成功剥离一阶模态三重分裂信号,SHS则无法完全剥离,验证了我们的理论结论,表明前人部分结果需重新审视与评价.此外,本文基于三种不同方法并利用13个SG 台站数据给出的₃S₁的分裂宽度比分别为1.008, 1.000和1.001,远小于异常分裂判别临界值1.5, 因此,₃S₁应是正常分裂模态.     

Study on kinetics of cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen in 3.5% sodium chloride solution

Electrochemical reduction of dissolved oxygen in seawater on metals is of great importance for corrosion studies. The present paper studied cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen on Q235 carbon steel in 3. 5% sodium chloride(NaCl)solutions by cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), rotating disk electrode(RDE)and rotating ring-disk electrode(RRDE). The cyclic voltammetric results demonstrated the cathodic process on Q235 carbon steel in O2-saturated 3. 5% NaCl solution contains three reactions:dissolved oxygen reduction, iron oxides reduction and hydrogen evolution. The peak potential of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is-0. 85 V vs Ag/AgCl, 3 molL-1 KCl. The E1S results indicated that the ORR occurring on Q235 carbon steel is a 4-electron process and that no finite diffusion is caused by the intermediate of H2O2 produced by ORR. The RDE and RRDE voltammograms confirmed the EIS results and it was found that the number of transferred electrons for ORR was nearly 4, I. E. , dissolved oxygen reduced to water.     

由微振动记录用剥层法研究浅层S波速度结构

根据江苏华电句容发电一期2×1000 MW发电机组场地情况,布设了三角形嵌套和同心圆台阵进行微振动观测,采用空间自相关法计算频散曲线,并用剥层法反演得到该工程场地浅部的S波速度结构。反演结果与钻孔探测结果吻合较好,表明用微振动台阵记录反演浅部地壳S波速度结构在工程上是可行的。该方法具有不需要人工源,对避开噪声要求不苛刻、成本低且精度可满足工程要求等优点,故有良好的应用前景。     

Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves

The Monterey East system is formed by large‐scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour‐shaped depressions ranging from 3·5 to 4·5 km in width, 3 to 6 km in length and from 80 to 200 m in depth. These giant scours are aligned downstream from a breech in the levee on the southern side of the Shepard Meander. The floor of the breech is only 150 m above the floor of the Monterey fan valley but more than 100 m below the levee crests resulting in significant flow stripping. Numerical modeling suggests that the steps in the Monterey East system were created by Froude‐supercritical turbidity currents stripped from the main flow in the Monterey channel itself. Froude‐supercritical flow over an erodible bed can be subject to an instability that gives rise to the formation of cyclic steps, i.e. trains of upstream‐migrating steps bounded upstream and downstream by hydraulic jumps in the flow above them. The flow that creates these steps may be net‐erosional or net‐depositional. In the former case it gives rise to trains of scours such as those in the Monterey East system, and in the latter case it gives rise to the familiar trains of upstream‐migrating sediment waves commonly seen on submarine levees. The Monterey East system provides a unique opportunity to introduce the concept of cyclic steps in the submarine environment to study processes that might result in channel initiation on modern submarine fans.     

Electrochemical Evidence for Pentasulfide Complexes with Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+

A series of stable pentasulfide complexes of the common base metals, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn exist in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures. Pure sodium pentasulfide was prepared and reacted with the divalent cations of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn in aqueous solution at ambient temperature. The S52- complexes were found to exist as determined by voltammetric methods.Pentasulfide complexes with compositions assigned as [M(1-S5)] and [M2(- S5)]2+ occur for Mn, Fe, Co and Ni where only one terminal S atom in the S52- binds to one metal (1 = mono-dentate ligand or M-S-S-S-S-S, = ligand bridging two metal centers or M-S-S-S-S-S-M). Conditional stability constants are similar for all four metals with log 1 between 5.3 and 5.7 and log 2 between 11.0 and 11.6. The constants for these pentasulfide complexes are similar to the tetrasulfide complexes and are approximately 0.4–0.8 log units higher than for comparable bisulfide complexes [M(SH)]+ as expected based on the higher nucleophilicity of S52- compared to HS-. Voltammetric results indicate that these are labile complexes.As with the bisulfide and tetrasulfide complexes, Zn(II) and Cu(II) are chemically distinct from the other metals. Zn(II) reacts with pentasulfide to form a stable monomeric pentasulfide chelate, [Zn(1-S5)] with log = 8.7. Cu(II) reacts with pentasulfide to form a complex with the probable stoichiometry [Cu(S5)]2 with log estimated to be 20.2. As with the other four metals, these complexes are comparable with the tetrasulfide complexes. Discrete voltammetric peaks are observed for these complexes and indicate they are electrochemically inert to dissociation. Reactions of Zn(II) and Cu(II) also lead to significant breakup of the polysulfide.The relative strength of the complexes is Cu > Zn > Mn, Fe, Co, Ni. Cu displaces Zn from [Zn(1- S5)] and both Cu and Zn displace Mn, Fe, Co and Ni from their pentasulfide complexes.     

修饰电极测定土壤沉积物中各赋存状态砷

介绍了一种通过微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定砷含量的方法，改进了金膜修饰电极的制备方法，并讨论了影响电极稳定的各种因素以及测定的最佳条件。在选定条件下，砷的溶出电流大小与其溶液中的浓度(0．01—1．00μg／L)呈线性关系(相关系数为0．9986)，砷的检出限为3．0ng／g。该方法测定结果与原子荧光测定结果相符，且方法已成功地用于山西省大同地区土壤沉积物中不同赋存状态砷含量的测定，各赋存状态砷的加和与总量测定基本相符。     

接触变质作用对煤基石墨烯量子点的影响研究

为研究煤的接触变质作用对煤基石墨烯量子点性质的影响,以形成于深成变质、区域岩浆变质的煤为对比,采用氧化剥离法进行煤基石墨烯量子点的制备,并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、荧光光谱（PL）对原煤及制备产物的结构进行分析。实验结果表明,随煤级升高,脱灰煤的结构缺陷减少,芳香片层逐渐增大,晶体结构向有序化方向进行。以煤为碳源制备而成的量子点,粒度均一性良好,并随煤级升高粒径有更大的趋势。碳元素以 C—C/C—H 形式为主,氧主要存在于碳氧官能团中,C∶O≤7∶3,且氧含量随煤级升高而升高。在紫外光（λ=297 nm）的照射下,样品散发蓝色荧光,且在煤级较低时荧光强度较大,并随煤级升高逐渐降低。相较于深成变质、区域岩浆变质形成的煤,接触变质作用形成的煤,产物具有更多的 COO— 结构,而 C==O 键含量降低;荧光强度在煤级较低时的上升趋势更为明显,并在高阶烟煤达到最大;受接触变质作用影响的煤,具有更加规则的石墨化结构。     

吗啉废水的生化处理工艺

以含有吗啉、甲基吗啉的高浓度有机废水为研究对象,提出了曝气吹脱-吸附-生物处理的联合工艺,并在室内进行了小试实验。结果表明：原废水经过2次曝气吹脱后,ρ(NH₃-N)从62 500 mg/L降为431 mg/L,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为26 051 mg/L。通过吸附实验,ρ(COD)从26 051 mg/L降为2 769 mg/L,ρ(NH₃-N)从412 mg/L降为134 mg/L。在生物处理室内小试实验中,采用了活性污泥反应器与曝气生物滤池相结合的处理工艺。在活性污泥反应系统中,当废水pH为7.5、ρ(DO)为4.3 mg/L、水力停留时间为30 h时,COD的去除率最高,可以达到83.1%。在曝气生物滤池中,当ρ(DO)为3.3 mg/L时,COD去除率最高,达到55.8%。在生物处理的最佳参数条件下进行连续监测,当进水ρ(COD)为2 769 mg/L、出水ρ(COD)平均值为387 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到85.9%。吗啉废水经过此联合工艺的处理,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为387 mg/L。     

基于AutoCAD 的剥采比等值线绘制设计

针对绘制剥采比等值线中Delaunay 三角网算法构网效率和精度低的问题,基于AutoCAD 软件图形绘制环境,采用VBA 二次开发工具,将克里金插值与一种新的CONREC 构造网格正方形等值线绘制方法相结合,研制出精确的煤层剥采比等值线绘制程序,经验证,不但能为地质、矿产的工程开发提供工具,也可用于绘制其他等值线图,同时也为AutoCAD 环境VBA 二次研究开发提供有益参考。