Characterization and seasonal variations of surface active substances in the natural sea surface micro-layers of the coastal Middle Adriatic stations

Surface micro-layer (ML) samples were collected in different seasons over a long time period in the coastal area of the Middle Adriatic Sea including the seawater Rogoznica lake location and the semi-enclosed estuarine Martinska station. Natural surface micro-layers were studied as original samples and as ex-situ reconstructed films after previous extraction by organic solvents of different polarities (n-hexane and dichloromethane). Using alternating current (AC) voltammetry (out-of-phase mode) the concentration of surface active substances (SAS) in original ML of both locations was determined, and the enrichment factor (EF) in the ML was related to the underlayer water (ULW) samples collected at 0.5 m depth. Seasonal variability of SAS concentrations of the ML was observed at both locations. The ex-situ films were studied using a modified AC voltammetry method (out-of-phase mode) transferring an organic extract of natural micro-layers spread onto electrolyte from the air-water interface to the mercury electrode surface. The comparison of adsorption characteristics for model lipids of different polarities and those of transferred ex-situ reconstructed films has revealed that different types of lipid material were present in each ex-situ film of the same micro-layer. Additional characterization of the surface active material of natural MLs was carried out by AC voltammetry (in-phase mode) using cathodic reduction of cadmium ions as an indicator of permeability of different films adsorbed at the mercury electrode. The SAS of ML of both investigated locations induced an inhibition effect to the reduction of cadmium ions. Seasonal variations of inhibition have also been noticed. The electrochemical study contributed to the physicochemical characterization of the surface active matter of the surface micro-layer with the emphasis to the role of lipids which, although they represent a minor fraction of the total micro-layer organic material, contribute considerably to the micro-layer formation and stabilization at the air–water interface.     

古莲河露天煤矿季节融化层及其剥离

古莲河矿区霍拉河盆地饱和冰季节融化层融化成浆状，影响露天煤矿的春季剥离。采取超前火烧植被和超前剥离植被层措施，使饮冰冻土类形成为少冰冻土类型。利用分条带的剥离方法，可实现季节融化层的超前剥离。     

露天矿山境界优化的三维可视化技术

对采矿业而言,传统的二维信息化方式己经不能满足矿山发展的需要,在三维环境下进行矿山生产设计和管理己成为必然趋势,同时也是实现数字矿山建设的基础性技术。智能矿山生态建立的重要组成部分是矿山三维地质建模,结合三维模型和储量计算,设计了包括境界优化、开采设计、爆破设计及矿石平衡环节的采剥管理流程,阐述了各环节的作用及必要性,着重研究了境界优化的2种常用算法,即浮动圆锥法与LG图论法。设计的露天矿山三维模型与采剥管理系统能为矿山生产提供更精准全面的指导信息,提高各业务部门的信息融合与协同能力,帮助矿山更高效、安全、合理地生产。     

共反射面道集偏移速度建模

共反射面（CRS）叠加是一种与宏观速度模型无关，仅依赖于近地表速度的地震成像方法．其通过地震三参数的优化实现地震成像．本文推导了基于CRS叠加得出的优化三参数与偏移速度之间的解析关系，提出了在CRS道集通过优化三参数实现速度估计的CRS道集偏移速度建模方法．模型试算表明，这种速度建模方法效率较高，速度分析精度取决于优化三参数的精度，适于较复杂地质体的速度建模．      

Copper speciation in estuarine waters by forward and reverse titrations

The chemical speciation of copper in the estuarine waters of the Vigo Ria was determined by titrations with salicylaldoxime (reverse copper titrations) and with copper (forward titrations). The forward titrations quantified the concentrations of ligands present in excess whereas the reverse titrations demonstrated the presence of low concentrations of very strong binding ligands, approximately matching the copper concentration. The data obtained by the reverse titrations indicated that copper was about 10× stronger bound than data based on the usual forward titrations.The copper concentration in these ria waters was low at 5 nM with a minor mid-estuarine maximum of 8 nM. These copper levels are amongst the lowest reported for estuarine waters and therefore represent uncontaminated waters. The concentration of inorganic copper was very low across the ria at  10–100 fM, except at Bouzas harbour (salinity 35.5) where it was raised to  1 pM due to copper contamination, in waters affected by the port facilities, to total levels of 15 to 20 nM copper, exceeding the concentration of the very strong ligand detected by the reverse titrations.     

Experimental remolding on the caprock''s 3D strain field of the Indosinian-Yanshanian epoch in Tongling deposit concentrating area

Based on field observations and rheology analysis, we perform one analogue experiment and remold the 3D structural frame of Tongling deposit concentrating area firstly. Then we disassemble and dialyze the 3D structures of the model using the methods of "slicing" and "stripping". A series of sliced planes vertical to the fold hinges show similar landscapes of that in the drill hole profiles. Meanwhile, layer stripping analysis indicates that the deformation features of each layer in the model are qualitatively analogical to those obtained from field observations.Through contrasting the 3D structure between the experimental model and the field phenomena,we verify the following 3D deformation features of the caprock in this area: (1) the Tongling area mainly consists of three series of NE S-typed fold groups; (2) in the uniform stress field, the incoherent folds universally develop in different positions, along different axes as well as in different strata; (3) the faults propagate upward which are mostly inter-bedded detachment faults,while the fold amplitudes decrease while going deeper; and (4) the folds and cleavages are highly developed in the Silurian System indicating that the deformation effect of the Indosinian-Yanshanian structural layer terminates at this layer, which suggests that the Silurian System is the crucial layer for the inversion between brittle and plastic deformation domains and the underlying strata are subject to the control of another deformation system with distinct properties.     

用电化学方法观察电地球化学异常

本文对已有的电地球化学异常模型进行了评论,认为尚不足以构成有效的找矿方法。对电地球化学异常的广度与强度作了估算。介绍了阳极溶出法观察电地球化学异常的装置与方法,指出了电化学方法的广阔用途。     

微分电位溶出分析测定配合物稳定常数的研究

报道用微分电位溶出分析法测定配合物在玻炭电极上氧化溶出电位与配位体浓度之间的关系，研究配合物的逐级稳定常数和参与形成配合物的配位体数目。研究了Ｃｕ（Ｈ２Ｓａｌ）２＋２和Ｃｄ（ＳＣＮ）２－４配合物体系，测定结果与文献［３，４］报道结果基本吻合     

计时电位溶出法同时测定锑样品中铜和铋

:探讨了以预镀汞膜玻碳电极为工作电极 ,同时测定锑类金属及其氧化物和硫化物中铜、铋的计时电位溶出法的适宜条件 ;试验了酸介质和常见元素对测定的影响 ;选择了仪器的最佳工作条件。结果表明 ,在 0 1mol/LHCl- 0 0 1mol/L抗坏血酸底液中 ,相对饱和氯化钾甘汞电极 ,铜与铋的溶出峰电位分别为 - 0 2 0V和 - 0 1 0V ,分辨效果较好。在测定条件下 ,铜和铋的线性范围分别为 0～ 30 0μg/L和 0～ 80 μg/L ,检出限分别为 7μg/L和 2 μg/L。用该法测定出口锑中铜和铋 ,结果与AAS及ICP -AES法测定值吻合 ,三次重复测定的RSD在 1 2 %～ 4 1 %。     

微分溶出计时电位法测定地质物料中微量铜

在０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ－１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ－０．１５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ抗坏血酸介质中，用电流氧化微分溶出计时电位法直接测定地质物料中微量Ｃｕ。富集电位－０．５５Ｖ，时间２０～４０ｓ；电极转速２５００ｒ／ｍｉｎ；溶出电流０．２～１μＡ；记录电位范围－０．２～－１．２０Ｖ；清洗电位－０．１０Ｖ，时间１０ｓ。方法检出限０．２μｇ／ｇ，线性范围２～４００ｎｇ／ｍｌ，精密度（ＲＳＤ，ｎ＝１１，４．１μｇ／