各向异性和非均质黏土粗糙地基承载力上限计算

通过构建一种网格状多刚性块破坏机制,利用上限法研究了黏土地基各向异性和非均质对粗糙条形基础地基承载力的影响。该破坏机制允许滑动面和速度矢量沿破坏区域过渡区的径向和切向发生变化,形成了更为精确的破坏机制和塑性流动速度场。根据上限定理得到各向异性和非均质性黏土上条形基础极限承载力的目标函数,将其转化为非线性规划问题,并通过编程对该计算模型进行求解。与已有研究成果对比分析表明,两者具有较好一致性,且优于现有同类方法。文中亦探讨了黏土地基非均质、各向异性以及其他相关参数对地基承载力的影响。     

水平浅埋条形锚板极限抗拔力上限计算

作为一种提供抗拔力的基础形式,锚板在实际工程中有广泛的应用。在上限定理的基础上,根据线性破坏准则,对锚板上的填土建立机动容许的速度场,运用关联流动法则以及速度边界条件求解条形锚板极限抗拔力的上限解。把锚板上填土的抗剪强度指标c、? 作为变量参数,对锚板上部填土建立两种新的含有变量的容许速度场。根据外力功率与内部耗能相等原理,求出极限抗拔力的目标函数与约束条件,并根据“序列二次规划算法”对该问题进行优化。将研究结果与已有文献资料进行分析比较,可以证明本文方法的有效性。参数分析结果表明：在同样条件下,两种破坏模式的极限抗拔力差别不大;岩土体密实度、抗剪强度指标c、?、锚板埋深率和锚板几何形状对锚板承载能力和锚板抗拔破坏区域均有较大的影响。     

地基承载力计算的一种新方法

通过假定地基整体失稳时的滑动面为一通过基础边缘的圆弧,运用极限平衡方法,建立了新的条形基础下地基极限承载力的计算公式,并与现有的几种地基承载力计算方法进行了比较分析,提出的方法比经典的理论公式结果合理,并与现行常用方法结果甚为接近,表明提出的新方法是合理和具有工程实用价值的。     

关于计算机自动绘制光滑曲线的数学方法的探索

在计算机绘制地图光滑曲线的方法中,线形插值法计算简单,失真率较大。正轴抛物线平均加权法在一些特殊情况下曲线会偏离节点。斜轴抛物线平均加权法可以获得比较满意的结果,但计算复杂,不利于在微机上运用。本文介绍的张力样条函数插值法,方法严密,计算亦不复杂,对小型的制图系统比较适用。其显著特点是具有一个张力系数σ,当σ→０时,张力样条函数就等同于三次样条函数;当σ→∞时,则退化为分段线形函数。因此,可以选择合适的σ,使得节点间的曲线为最短,既能消除可能出现的多余拐点,又能保持曲线的光滑性。     

Hydrodynamic Coefficients and Wave Excitation Forces for A Ship near A Quay

In this paper,the effects of a quay or a solid jetty on hydrodynamic coefficients and vertical wave excitation forces on a ship woth or without forward speed are discussed.A modified simple Green function technique is used to calculate the 2D coefficients while the strip theory is used to calculate the 3D coefficients. Wave excitation forces are also calculated with the strip theory. Numerical results are provided for hydrodynamic coefficients and vertical wave excitation forces on a 200000 DWT tanker ship. It is found that the quay has a considerable effect on the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave excitation forces for a ship.     

构架航线在无人机航摄中的应用

以无人机为平台的摄影测量过程中,在不采用任何地面控制的条件下,通过增加垂直于基本航向的构架航线和GNSS辅助空中三角测量对区域网平差精度的影响进行试验研究。结果表明:构架航线对于提高平差精度和增强区域网模型之间的连续性具有较大的帮助。     

Collapse behaviour of a lateritic soil

Collapsible soils are problematic by nature. They undergo collapse or sudden settlement or subsidence under a given stress when their water content is increased. Collapse is characterised by collapse potential expressed as ΔH/H x 100, where ΔH is collapse compression. The amount of stress applied and the water content at the time of collapse govern the amount of collapse. In other words, collapse potential depends upon the amount of stress and the water content. Loess and other wind-blown silts are examples of collapsible soils. This paper presents a parametric study on the collapse behaviour of a lateritic soil. Remoulded specimens of a lateritic soil passing through a 425 µm sieve were compacted in 1-D consolidometer or oedometer at a density of 13 kN/m³ for studying collapse under varied initial moisture contents and initial surcharge pressures. Collapse compression of the samples was induced by saturating the specimens with water contents corresponding to 100% degree of saturation. After collapse occurred, the 1-D consolidation tests were continued up to an applied stress of 160 kPa. Collapse behaviour was studied for the applied initial pressures (σ_i) of 10, 20 and 40 kPa and for the initial water contents (w_i) of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Collapse compression and collapse potential decreased with increasing w_i for all σ_i.     

长江中下游崩岸分布规律及窝崩的平面旋涡形成机制

基于遥感综合研究,论述了长江中下游条崩与窝崩的分布规律,在此基础上讨论了两类崩岸的形成机制,特别是对窝崩的平面旋涡形成机制进行了论述。窝崩是在特定岸段因平面旋涡的形成而发生的,通过流体力学的涡流理论分析,提出了用临界负压评价窝崩形成的原理与方法。     

CFS桩处理软弱地基的试验研究

介绍了一种新兴的地基处理技术--水泥粉煤灰钢渣桩（CFS）。采用现场大面积堆放钢坯的方式,模拟研究了CFS桩复合地基工作期间的承载特性,得出了堆载条件下基底的最终沉降量、桩间土体深层水平位移及竖向附加应力分布、临近的人工挖孔桩水平位移及其桩体前（后）附加应力变化等规律,探讨了堆载作用下CFS桩复合地基-临近桩体的共同作用机理。此外,研究了CFS桩施工所引起的环境效应,得出了CFS桩成桩过程中地基土侧向附加应力在水平、垂直方向上的变化规律及A,B试验区受桩体施工影响的地面隆起量。     

Riverbank stability assessment under flooding conditions in the Red River of Hanoi,Vietnam

The literature contains limited information on variations in the factors of safety (FOS) of riverbank stability associated with river water level (RWL) fluctuations. This paper analyses a case study on the portion of the Red River flowing through Hanoi using the finite element method and extending the mechanics of saturated and unsaturated soils to understand how the riverbank’s FOS varies with RWL fluctuations. The results show that hydrostatic force is one of the key parameters influencing the FOS when the soil’s hydraulic conductivity is less than 10⁻⁶ m/s. However, the pore-water pressure and rate of RWL change are the key parameters influencing the FOS when the hydraulic conductivity is greater than 10⁻⁶ m/s. The study also indicates that a surcharge of 50 kPa or higher significantly weakens the riverbank stability and influences the FOS when the RWL rises. The construction of residential or other structures without taking special protection measures within 50 m of the lateral riverbank should be avoided for safety reasons.