东海大桥(大乌龟近岛段)工程地质条件分析

文章介绍了东海大桥(大乌龟近岛段)地形、地貌特征、地基岩体分布特征及中、微风化岩体的物理力学特征，并分析了场地节理及破碎带发育特征，在此基础上，评价了场地地基稳定性及建设适宜性。     

Analysis and Design of Retaining Wall having Reinforced Cohesive Frictional Backfill

The case of a rigid wall with inclined back face retaining reinforced cohesive-frictional backfill subjected to uniformly distributed surcharge load has been analyzed using limit equilibrium approach. The analysis considers the stability of an element of the failure wedge, which is assumed to develop in the reinforced earth mass adjoining the back face of wall. The non-dimensional charts have been developed for computing the lateral earth pressure on wall and the height of its point of application above the base of wall. The theoretical findings have been verified by model tests on a rigid wall retaining a dry cohesive-frictional soil reinforced by geogrid strips. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. A design example has been included to illustrate the design procedure.     

真空-堆载联合预压的地基沉降简化计算方法

研究了负压作用下的地基沉降简化计算方法，负压作用下的地基沉降计算应考虑其受力特点的影响，实际工程观测表明，现有规范对真空预压地基的沉降估算修正系数过大。通过理论推导，建立了真空预压及真空-堆载联合预压作用下地基沉降修正系数公式。分析结果表明，一般真空预压工程修正系数ms取值范围可在0.55～1.20之间，真空-堆载联合预压的分层总和法计算修正系数可取0.70～1.30。     

A New Method of Combination of Electroosmosis, Vacuum and Surcharge Preloading for Soft Ground Improvement

As a rapid and effective ground improvement method is urgently required for the booming land reclamation in China’s coastal area, this study proposes a new combined method of electroosmosis, vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading. A new type of electrical prefabricated vertical drain (ePVD) and a new electroosmotic drainage system are suggested to allow the application of the new method. This combined method is then field-tested and compared with the conventional vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method. The monitoring and foundation test results show that the new method induces a settlement 20% larger than that of the conventional vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method in the same treatment period, and saves approximately half of the treatment time compared with the vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method according to the finite element prediction of the settlement. The proposed method also increases the vane shear strength of the soil significantly. The bearing capacity of the ground improved by use of the new proposed method raises 118%. In comparison, there is only a 75% rise when using the vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method during the same reinforcement period. All results indicate that the proposed combined method is effective and suitable for reinforcing the soft clay ground. Besides, the voltage applied between the anode and cathode increases exponentially versus treatment time when the output current of power supplies is kept constant. Most of the voltage potential in electroosmosis is lost at electrodes, leaving smaller than 50% of the voltage to be effectively transmitted into the soil.     

Settlement Prediction of Surcharge Preloaded Low Embankment on Soft Ground Subjected to Cyclic Loading

This article studies the effect of dynamic cyclic loading and surcharge preloading method on the post-construction settlement of low embankments. Soil samples obtained from the soft ground under an embankment were consolidated by surcharge preloading followed by static and dynamic cyclic loading in the odometer. The results show that the consolidation deformation of the soil samples is independent of the frequency of the dynamic cyclic loading, which was simulated to follow the half-sine wave, and this is consistent with the energy concept. The post-construction settlement increases with increasing amplitude of cyclic load and the effectiveness of surcharge preloading depends on the difference between magnitude of surcharge and amplitude of the cyclic load. Based on the consolidation theory combined with the test results, a formula has been proposed to compute the post-construction settlement of a low embankment under cyclic loading.     

The influence of horizontal confinement on the bearing capacity factor Nγ of smooth strip footing

We studied the upper-bound ultimate bearing capacity of smooth strip shallow footings with symmetrical and asymmetrical horizontal confinements on purely frictional sand within the framework of upper-bound limit analysis. The subsoil follows the associated flow rule, and no surcharge on the soil surface is assumed. The contact between the soil and the horizontal confinement walls is assumed to be perfectly rough. The upper-bound solutions for the objective functions are obtained using nonlinear sequential quadratic programming. The results for the different internal friction angles φ are provided in terms of the variation of two parameters, namely, the bearing capacity factor N_γ and the correction factor of bearing capacity K_γ, with respect to the change in the clear spacing between the edge of smooth footing and the rigid vertical walls. The values of N_γ and K_γ increase with φ and decrease with the clear spacing between the edge of the smooth footing and the rigid vertical walls. N_γ and K_γ are more sensitive to this confining effect as φ increases. The numerical results, a comparative analysis with the results from previous studies, and design charts are also included.     

Surcharge preloading consolidation of reclaimed land with distributed sand caps

Abstract

For land reclamation using the conventional surcharge preloading method, a sand cap layer is often fully placed at the ground surface of ultra-soft compressible estuary or marine clays. A novel strategy of distributed sand caps is proposed to save cost associated with sand materials. At an early stage of consolidation, the drainage capacity of distributed sand caps is less than the drainage demand, whereas at a later stage, the capacity exceeds the demand. Hence, the overall drainage capacity of distributed sand caps is equivalent to the drainage demand. A numerical model is developed to study the effectiveness of the proposed technique, and calculations are compared against theoretical solutions. A parametric study is conducted to optimize design parameters. It has been found that distributed sand caps should be uniformly placed with a size of 3% of the total width and a spacing of 1 times the size, such that sand materials can be saved by up to 50% without compromising the consolidation efficiency (an increase of consolidation time by less than 5%). The use of distributed sand caps will be effective regardless of soil properties, including hydraulic conductivity, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio.     

矿山条带开采相似材料模型变形测量

针对传统模型观测方法中存在的观测装置或传感器安装麻烦、工作量大、采样点有限等缺点,引入计算机视觉和数字近景摄影测量技术量测模型变形。用高分辨率数字相机获取不同模型,模拟开挖状态下的多组数字影像,选取二值化阈值对图像进行分割,根据标记区域的形状参数自动检测和识别标志点,通过边缘跟踪和椭圆拟合算法确定标志点中心坐标;推导了用二维直接线性变换关系式和共线方程分解出影像外方位元素初值的实用算法,利用光束法平差对标志点空间坐标进行精确定位。试验结果表明,空间坐标的测定精度高于±1mm,所测位移场与实际变形情况较为一致,可以满足矿山岩层和地表移动相似材料模型观测要求。     

太湖地区石英晶粒的某些超微构造及其成因意义

 应用超高压电子显微镜对太湖及其附近的五通组石英岩中的石英晶粒进行研究,发现它们在自由位错密度、位错壁、亚晶粒和出熔构造等特征上存在着明显差别。据此推论,太湖和其附近地区的五通组石英岩曾遭受过不同的应力作用历史,太湖的标本曾受到高应力的瞬时高压影响。因此,太湖环形构造可能与小天体的撞击有关。     

新疆奎屯河流域冰雹型对流云回波带的结构和分类研究

根据农七师雷达站2000－2002年立体信息回波组合图资料，分析研究了直线状、波动状、弧线状、烟云状和宽带状等5类冰雹型对流云回波带的结构、演变和降雹特征，并给出了观测实例。