T型梁桥损伤肋梁对承载力的影响及其加固研究

针对辽阳市中华大桥局部结构损伤对其承载力影响的问题,通过现场静力试验和损伤检测,得出了系统的现场数据,将该数据与桥梁破坏前的检测数据进行对比,确定结构的主要损伤为预应力T型主梁连接处的肋梁严重破损。用大型三维有限元软件ANSYS中的生死单元技术模拟破坏肋梁,建立了单跨损伤肋梁有限元数值模型,并将有限元数值分析结果与检测值相对比,验证了有限元模型的准确性。最后,采用钢筋焊接填筑混凝土进行补强,以外加钢板法加固损伤肋梁,并建立加固后的有限元模型,分析验证了该加固方法的有效性。     

堆载预压下天津滨海吹填土的固结特性

吹填造陆已成为沿海地区解决土地匮乏的有效方法。为使吹填土迅速排水固结以缩短工期,以天津滨海新区的吹填土为研究对象,在无外力自重固结下,通过静水沉降以及室内试验等方法研究吹填土的基本性质和沉降特征,并对固结度、沉降速率进行定量分析,评价吹填土的固结程度,得出天津吹填土的固结和沉降特性。结果表明: 等幅水头逐级加压在一定程度上有效地抑制了低渗透性土体即“泥皮”的形成; 当水头高度为45 cm 时,土体固结度接近100%; 距离排水管越近,固结情况愈好; 堆积荷载增大,渗流速率变小,土体趋向固结。     

Extension of subset simulation approach for uncertainty propagation and global sensitivity analysis

The subset simulation (SS) method is a probabilistic approach which is devoted to efficiently calculating a small failure probability. Contrary to Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) methodology which is very time-expensive when evaluating a small failure probability, the SS method has the advantage of assessing the small failure probability in a much shorter time. However, this approach does not provide any information about the probability density function (PDF) of the system response. In addition, it does not provide any information about the contribution of each input uncertain parameter in the variability of this response. Finally, the SS approach cannot be used to calculate the partial safety factors which are generally obtained from a reliability analysis. To overcome these shortcomings, the SS approach is combined herein with the Collocation-based Stochastic Response Surface Method (CSRSM) to compute these outputs. This combination is carried out by using the different values of the system response obtained by the SS approach for the determination of the unknown coefficients of the polynomial chaos expansion in CSRSM. An example problem that involves the computation of the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed procedure. The validation of the present method is performed by comparison with MCS methodology applied on the original deterministic model. Finally, a probabilistic parametric study is presented and discussed.     

构架航线在测制大比例尺地形图中的应用

通过在航空摄影的过程中增加垂直于基本航线的构架航线,在航摄区域的四角布设4个定向点,航线中间最弱处布设若干检查点,完成了GPS辅助空三,并最终进行航测内业成图;通过外业实地采集若干平面和高程检查点对地形图进行精度检查,验证了方法的可行性,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

基于Panorama Studio的街景网络快速发布关键技术研究

街景影像与电子地图、遥感影像结合提供给人们一种多尺度、多视角认识地球的新途径。本文探讨了移动测量车、手持相机全景影像的获取方法、基于Panorama Studio的全景影像拼接方法,以及网络环境下全景影像的发布,结合ArcGIS Server发布的地图,探讨了基于JavaScript的街景与地图交互等关键技术,形成一整套全景影像获取、拼接、发布技术流程。在此基础上实现了高速公路带状地形图街景网站的原型设计。     

Lateral stress caused by horizontal and vertical surcharge strip loads on a cross‐anisotropic backfill

This study derives analytical solutions for estimating the lateral stress caused by horizontal and vertical surcharge strip loads resting on a cross‐anisotropic backfill. The following loading types are employed in this work: point load, line load, uniform strip load, upward linear‐varying strip load, upward nonlinear‐varying strip load, downward linear‐varying strip load and downward nonlinear‐varying strip load. The cross‐anisotropic planes are assumed to be parallel to the horizontal surface of the backfill. The solutions proposed herein have never been mentioned in previous literature, but can be derived by integrating the point load solution in a Cartesian co‐ordinate system for a cross‐anisotropic medium. The calculations by the presented solutions are quick and accurate since they are concise and systematized. Additionally, the proposed calculations demonstrate that the type and degree of material anisotropy and the horizontal/vertical loading types decisively influence the lateral stress. This investigation presents examples of the proposed horizontal and vertical strip loads acting on the surface of the isotropic and cross‐anisotropic backfills to elucidate their effects on the stress. The analytical results reveal that the stress distributions accounting for soil anisotropy and loading types are quite different from those computed from the available isotropic solutions. Restated, the derived solutions, as well as realistically simulating the actual surcharge loading circumstances, provide a good reference for the design of retaining structures for the backfill materials are cross‐anisotropic. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vertical vibration of an elastic strip footing on saturated soil

Based on Biot's dynamic coupled equations, the vertical vibration of an elastic strip footing on the surface of saturated soil is studied. Utilizing the Fourier transform, the governing dynamic differential equations for saturated poroelastic medium are solved. Considering the mixed boundary value conditions at the bottom of the foundation, a pair of dual integral equations about the vertical vibration of an elastic strip footing is derived, which can be converted to a set of linear equations by means of infinite series of orthogonal functions. The relation between the dynamic compliance coefficients and the dimensionless frequency tends to be gentle with decreasing footing rigidity, while the dimensionless frequency has only small effect on the dynamic compliance coefficients. When the dynamic permeability is large, its effect on the dynamic compliance coefficients should be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the dynamic compliance coefficients are found to be not sensitive to Poisson's ratio of the soil for footing on saturated soil. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

POS辅助机载LiDAR无地面控制点DEM,DOM制作

DEM和DOM已成为航空遥感生产的重要产品,机载Li DAR系统获取的具有三维坐标信息的点云数据,经系统误差校正和滤波分类后,结合机载POS数据和数码影像,可进行无地面控制点的DEM和DOM制作。经实践分析,成果精度满足1∶2 000比例尺DEM和1∶5 000比例尺DOM精度指标,该方法产品制作周期短,成果质量较高,满足了无人区和应急情况下的测绘需求。     

Regulation of vegetation pattern on the hydrodynamic processes of erosion on hillslope in Loess Plateau,China

As vegetation are closely related to soil erosion, hydrodynamic parameter changes under various vegetation pattern conditions can be used as an important basis for the research of the soil erosion mechanism. Through upstream water inflow experiments conducted on a loess hillslope, how the vegetation pattern influences the hydrodynamic processes of sediment transport was analyzed. The results show that the placement of a grass strip on the lower upslope can effectively reduce runoff erosion by 69...     

新疆五彩湾矿区开发对荒漠植被的扰动分析

荒漠露天矿区植被受损评估及环境修复是近年研究的热点方向。为了研究新疆五彩湾地区矿产开发对矿区及周边荒漠植被的扰动影响,采用1990-2017年90景Landsat数据分析煤矿开发前后矿区及周边荒漠植被的时空变化特征,并定量分析矿区植被长势对气候变化、矿区扩张的响应。结果表明：① 2006-2013年矿区植被所受的扰动最大,在周边植被长势转好的情形下出现明显的退化,在1990-2006年和2014-2017年,扰动较小,矿区与周边植被长势变化一致;② 生长季的月度NDVI分析显示,矿区中心样区的植被经历了一个先退化后恢复的过程;③ 矿区开发对周边植被长势的扰动距离分别为“西-东”方向的-17~21 km和“南-北”方向的-13~23 km,其中2013年对植被的干扰距离最大;④ 冬春季降水是五彩湾矿区及周边植被长势转好的主要因素,虽然矿区一直处于扩张的状态,然而随着降水的增加和矿尘防护措施的加强,2014年来矿区植被长势转好,与周边植被变化趋于一致。本文的研究为干旱区露天煤矿及周边荒漠植被变化动态监测及矿区开采的扰动范围提供了准确的数据支持,便于矿区管理者合理制定相关环保法规及矿区管理办法,实施相关环境保护和污染控制等措施。