我国农村房屋抗震与加固的研究及进展

我国大多数破坏性地震都发生在农村,通过分析我国农村房屋建筑的主要结构形式、震害特征及其建造特点,发现缺乏设防意识、缺乏抗震技术和经济条件差是农房“小震致灾、大震大灾”的主要原因.通过对既有的结构抗震、鉴定、加固、隔震技术的综述,发现目前我国仍比较缺乏适合农村房屋的抗震及加固技术.最后对农村房屋抗震与加固方法提出建议,展...     

In situ cyclic tests on existing stone masonry walls and strengthening solutions

The present work reports on an in situ experimental test campaign carried out on abandoned traditional masonry houses after the 9th July 1998 earthquake that seriously hit the Faial island of Azores. For the testing purposes, an experimental test setup was developed based on a self‐equilibrated scheme, which is herein described reporting on the advantages and drawbacks of this in situ test setup. Five specimens were tested aiming at characterizing the out‐of‐plane behavior of stone masonry walls and strengthening solutions recommended for post‐earthquake interventions. A detailed comparison between solutions' efficiency is presented including a cost vs benefit analysis. In order to assess the efficiency of the developed test setup for other applications on stone masonry walls, an in‐plane test on an existing URM panel is also presented. Several related issues are discussed, namely the advantages of dealing with the real boundary conditions and the capacity of providing valuable information of the response, as well as a detailed analysis of the obtained results. The authors believe that this work provides an increase in knowledge on the seismic behavior of the existing masonry constructions, resulting from the development of an in situ test setup and the efficiency quantification of strengthening solutions. Therefore, the work is thought to positively contribute for the preservation of architectural heritage and for its seismic vulnerability reduction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PS溶液渗透对非饱和土的增强效应研究

特定模数硅酸钾溶液(PS)已广泛的用于我国西北干旱地区土遗址加固保护工程中,并且取得了显著的效果.但是PS对潮湿地区遗址土加固效果,目前尚缺乏成熟的理论和实验验证.本文从室内试验的资料出发,研究PS对潮湿地区土遗址非饱和土的增强效应.本次研究土样取自位于潮湿环境中的浙江杭州良渚土遗址(3000 B C.),在实验室内对...     

加强地质工作为安徽奋力崛起提供基础保障

文章分析了加强地质工作是安徽奋力崛起的基础保障,阐明了加强地质工作的关键是要充分发挥政府的主导作用,重点是要继续发挥地勘队伍的主力军作用.     

某砖砌体教学楼结构抗震加固设计

某中小学教学楼为典型的80年代建造的砌体教学楼,鉴定结果显示基础稳定,上部结构材料强度不足,部分构造设置不合理。在结构抗震加固再设计中,从概念上分析结构加固的合理性;合理地确定地震作用影响系数,对加固前后的结构进行整体计算分析;对重要及复杂的部分节点进行补充设计。     

Quasi-plane-hypothesis of strain coordination for RC beams seismically strengthened with externally-bonded or near-surface mounted fiber reinforced plastic

The application of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP),including carbon FRP and glass FRP,for structural repair and strengthening has grown due to their numerous advantages over conventional materials such as externally bonded reinforcement(EBR) and near-surface mounted(NSM) strengthening techniques.This paper summarizes the results from 21 reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different methods,including externally-bonded and near-surface mounted FRP,to study the strain coordination of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam.Since there is relative slipping between the RC beam and the FRP,the strain of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam satisfy the quasi-plane-hypothesis;that is,the strain of the longitudinal fiber that parallels the neutral axis of the plated beam within the scope of the effective height(h 0) of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis.The strain of the FRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation:ε FRP =βε steel,and the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results.     

昌邑市镇村违法用地群防网建设的探索与实践

昌邑市多措并举,强化镇村监管责任,推进执法重心下移,探索建立了违法用地＂群防群治＂立体体系,始终保持对违法违规用地严厉打击的高压态势,建立了土地利用管理新秩序,维护了全市和谐稳定发展大局。     

铁路站场岩溶地基加固补强技术与效果分析

针对某病害站场路基,根据其变形规律对其基础进行补勘,分析病害原因,在此基础上提出岩溶地基加固补强方案：①补注浆加固岩溶地基和基岩顶面土体;②高压旋喷加固补强原复合地基;③低压注浆加固垫层及其以上3～5 m路基填土层;④侧向补注浆帷幕加固地基;⑤建立路基变形监测系统,评估加固补强效果。加固补强后地基沉降量和复合地基承载力特征值的理论计算值分别为12.4 mm和455 kPa,满足设计要求。现场监测结果表明,补注浆加固岩溶地基及其顶面土体后,站场路基变形减缓;旋喷桩和低压注浆加固区竣工后,路基呈均匀性沉降变形,变形速率急剧变小;竣工6个月后,路基变形趋于稳定,综合验证了加固补强方案的正确性和有效性。     

考虑轴力弯矩耦合的截面随动强化恢复力模型

截面层次的恢复力模型能兼顾计算精度与计算效率,为此在梁-柱单元中得到了广泛的应用。但目前给定＂轴力-弯矩-曲率＂的截面恢复力模型无法灵活考虑轴力与弯矩的耦合作用;采用屈服面的截面恢复力模型尚未考虑截面强化效应。提出了基于屈服面的截面随动强化恢复力模型及其积分方法,首先依据截面屈服面建立了截面随动强化恢复力模型,然后依托塑性理论,进行截面状态确定和本构关系积分。最后利用所提出的恢复力模型进行了悬臂柱的静力往复分析。结果表明：（1）所选用的截面恢复力模型能很好考虑轴力存在对弯矩的影响;（2）该模型具有随动强化的特性;（3）在精度上接近纤维截面所用的单轴材料随动强化模型。     

The effect of dissolved magnesium on creep of calcite II: transition from diffusion creep to dislocation creep

We extended a previous study on the influence of Mg solute impurity on diffusion creep in calcite to include deformation under a broader range of stress conditions and over a wider range of Mg contents. Synthetic marbles were produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) mixtures of calcite and dolomite powders for different intervals (2–30 h) at 850°C and 300 MPa confining pressure. The HIP treatment resulted in high-magnesian calcite aggregates with Mg content ranging from 0.5 to 17 mol%. Both back-scattered electron images and chemical analysis suggested that the dolomite phase was completely dissolved, and that Mg distribution was homogeneous throughout the samples at the scale of about two micrometers. The grain size after HIP varied from 8 to 31 μm, increased with time at temperature, and decreased with increasing Mg content (>3.0 mol%). Grain size and time were consistent with a normal grain growth equation, with exponents from 2.4 to 4.7, for samples containing 0.5–17.0 mol% Mg, respectively. We deformed samples after HIP at the same confining pressure with differential stresses between 20 and 200 MPa using either constant strain rate or stepping intervals of loading at constant stresses in a Paterson gas-medium deformation apparatus. The deformation tests took place at between 700 and 800°C and at strain rates between 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻³ s⁻¹. After deformation to strains of about 25%, a bimodal distribution of large protoblasts and small recrystallized neoblasts coexisted in some samples loaded at higher stresses. The deformation data indicated a transition in mechanism from diffusion creep to dislocation creep. At stresses below 40 MPa, the strength was directly proportional to grain size and decreased with increasing Mg content due to the reductions in grain size. At about 40 MPa, the sensitivity of log strain rate to log stress, (n), became greater than 1 and eventually exceeded 3 for stresses above 80 MPa. At a given strain rate and temperature, the stress at which that transition occurred was larger for samples with higher Mg content and smaller grain size. At given strain rates, constant temperature, and fixed grain size, the strength of calcite in the dislocation creep regime increased with solute content, while the strength in the diffusion creep regime was independent of Mg content. The results suggest that chemical composition will be an important element to consider when solid substitution can occur during natural deformation.