断层旋性与地震危险性

文中以“平行同旋走滑断层减震”的观点论证了兰州、北京、昆明这些位于强震活动区的大城市今后百年内不会发生 6 .5级以上地震。以“平行异旋走滑断层加震”的观点解释了西南棱形块体北边界和南边界在发生大震方面相互促进的现象。对于由构造分段求震级来说 ,在遇到不同的横交断层作为分段点时 ,还需考虑将来发震时始破裂点的位置以及发震断层的旋性 ,不然就会造成对震级估计不足 ,继而成为抗震建设的潜在不安全因素。在主震后为了预报余震的强度 ,可应用物理学中的科里奥利力理论 ,应用时必须知道断层类型和旋性。对于走滑断层来说 ,左旋余震弱 ,右旋余震强。例如 1997年藏北玛尼 7.5级地震 ,余震仅为 5 .3级 ,震级偏小 ,因主震为左旋的缘故 ;1976年唐山 7.8级地震 ,余震可达 7.1级 ,因主震是右旋。对于逆断层来说 ,上盘错动方向在当地子午面左侧者余震强度大 ,在右侧者余震强度弱。据此讨论了 1999年台湾南投 7.6级大震余震强度达 7.1级是因为主震为逆断层 ,上盘向西错动。     

On seismic strengthening area before strong and great shocks and its mechanism

IntroductionI.thasbeenpayingattentiontotheanomalousphenomenonbyseismologiststhattheearthquakeactivityoftenstrengthensinacertainspaceandduringacertaintimearoundthesourceareabeforeastrongearthquake.Mogi(1969)pointedoutthataringdistributiveareaofthestrengthenedearthquakeactivityoftenappearsaroundthesourcearea10to20yearsbeforegreatshock,whichcalledaringphenomenon(or"doughnut").Afterthat,otherscholarsreportedinsuccessionthatringdistributionofearthquakeactivityoccurredbeforeastrongertquakeorevenbefo…     

格构锚固技术及其在边坡防治中的应用

格构锚固是将护坡与支挡有机地结合在一起抗滑的一种新型支挡加固措施,它适合于疏松介质边坡的整治。其特点是施工时不需要大型机械,不必开挖扰动边坡,施工安全快速,与植被恢复相结合还可美化环境。以宕昌县民福村边坡为例,说明格构锚固在边坡防治应用中具有较好的效果。     

锚拉抗滑桩及锚喷技术联合应用于快速滑动的滑坡防护加固工程

以桂林—阳朔高速公路K2542+750～810上边坡滑坡防护治理工程为例,介绍了锚拉抗滑桩及锚喷技术联合应用于治理快速滑动的滑坡的应用情况。滑坡体主要由断层破碎带岩土组成,具有地质构造复杂、岩石破碎、残坡积土孔隙大、雨季地下水丰富、滑坡体岩石成分复杂、力学性能差异大、正处于快速滑移阶段等特点;在滑坡防护加固工程的设计和施工中采用该技术方法等综合措施,解决了突出的问题,并取得了良好的经济效益和社会效果。     

南海台风Vongfong(2002)登陆前后内核结构和近海加强原因的数值模拟研究

利用6 km细网格区域的显式模拟结果分析了Vongfong(2002)的内核结构;对Vongfong近海加强的动力学机制进行了研究.结果表明:(1) 轴对称性结构中,Vongfong最大风速半径(RMW)在强盛期随高度递减.Vongfong在近海时,低层最强的流入在其移行的前方,而流出区在其后方.这些特征与大西洋飓风和西太平洋台风相反.(2) 动力场和热力场都有明显的不对称结构.在强盛期,对流西北强、东南弱;强对流云带与最大风速区的位置一致.在加强期,低层西冷东暖、中高层西暖东冷;到强盛期,低层和中高层都有明显的暖心结构.(3) 中纬度中上层冷低压系统和台风的相互作用是Vongfong近海加强的重要原因.①由于冷低压系统外围的冷空气从西北侧进入台风的中层,低层有暖湿空气配合,使得位势不稳定能量增加,对流发展.②因为冷低压中心的下沉气流正是二级环流的下沉支,冷低压南移填塞,台风近海加强.两个方面最终通过CISK(第二类条件不稳定)机制来实现.     

台风模拟中QuikSCAT风场的非对称加强订正及同化应用

针对QuikSCAT 散射计风场资料对台风级别的强风速区还无法准确刻画这个技术问题,引入台风移速、移向、摩擦等客观因素对该风场产品资料进行非对称加强订正;然后利用四维同化技术,并设计了先同化后预报两个阶段的试验方案,对“云娜”台风进行了数值模拟试验。试验结果表明：通过模式约束调整,四维同化技术可以把QuikSCAT 海面风场资料引入到整层模式大气中,并对整层风场和气压场的强度及路径模拟都有很大的改进,而且该资料还提高了预报阶段台风强度的模拟效果,并对登陆点的预报起到了积极作用。     

一座钢筋混凝土框架多层厂房楼面的减振加固

通过现场实测,根据实测结果分析了受动荷载作用的钢筋混凝土多层框架结构厂房楼面产生较大竖向振幅的原因,对其进行了结构加固设计,包括对楼面结构主梁、次梁、楼板及下一层柱子的加固处理,根据施工完毕后的实测结果分析,楼面竖向振动幅度大大降低,达到了减振的目的。     

Improving integrity of RC beam-column joints with deficient beam rebar anchorage

In recent earthquakes in developing countries, severe damage was observed on reinforced concrete buildings. This study focuses on exterior beam-column joints with substandard beam rebar anchorage and seismic strengthening by installing wing walls. First, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of exterior joints with substandard beam rebar anchorage representing typical Bangladeshi buildings. Two 0.7-scaled exterior joint specimens were tested, and these specimens showed beam rebar anchorage failure and/or joint shear failure. Prior to strengthening of the joint, a series of pullout tests was conducted on postinstalled bonded anchors in low-strength concrete for strengthening design. Then, an experiment was performed to apply the strengthening method by wing walls to one of the exterior joint specimens to improve the integrity, and this method was intended to prevent the failure of beam rebar anchorage. The strengthening method is proposed to extend the development length of beam longitudinal bars by considering the embedment length along the wing walls. The test results verified the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed strengthening method to upgrade exterior RC beam-column joints with deficient beam rebar anchorage.     

Seismic performance of masonry walls retrofitted with steel reinforced grout

An innovative solution for the seismic protection of existing masonry structures is proposed and investigated through shake table tests on a natural scale wall assemblage. After a former test series carried out without reinforcement, the specimen was retrofitted using Steel Reinforced Grout. The strengthening system comprises horizontal strips of ultra‐high strength steel cords, externally bonded to the masonry with hydraulic lime mortar, and connectors to transversal walls, applied within the thickness of the plaster layer. In order to assess the seismic performance of the retrofitted wall, natural accelerograms were applied with increasing intensity up to failure. Test results provide a deep understanding of the effectiveness of mortar‐based composites for improving the out‐of‐plane seismic capacity of masonry walls, in comparison with traditional reinforcements with steel tie‐bars. The structural implications of the proposed solution in terms of dynamic properties and damage development under earthquake loads are also discussed.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

准东石油基地幼儿园抗震鉴定与加固

结合准东石油基地幼儿园的抗震鉴定与加固实例,在对原结构抗震措施鉴定和分析验算的基础上,介绍了房屋结构薄弱部位的加固做法。对类似项目的结构加固有一定的参考价值。