分辨率层序地层学在L35块砂体分析中的应用

L35块油藏位于百色盆地东部田东凹陷。含油层段为古近系那读组二段。属于单斜岩性油藏。由于含油层段较厚。砂体对比标志不明显,单砂体的划分与对比十分困难。运用沉积学和高分辨率层序地层学理论及其技术对区块内各钻井不同级次基准面旋回层序及砂体进行划分与对比,根据各小层砂体和单砂体的时空展布特征将L35块含油层段划分为1个长期、2个中期、9个短期和18个超短期基准面旋回层序,储集砂体仅发育于MSCⅡ上升半旋回中下部．为湖底扇沉积砂体,可细分为4个小层砂体、7个单砂体。其中Ⅱ砂体分布局限。沉积于湖底扇发育初期;Ⅱ5砂体初具鸟足状展布形态,对应于湖底扇发育早期;Ⅱ4砂体分布范围最大。呈典型的鸟足状展布形态．为湖底扇发育最强时期;Ⅱ3砂体分布范围缩小,沉积于湖底扇大幅度退积萎缩时期。中房屋分支水道和前缘无水道席状砂微相为储集砂体的主要发育位置。     

Smithian Strata and Non-Smithian Strata

The International Stratigraphic Guide defined that all stratified or quasi-stratified rock bodies of the earth crust, including sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic, solidified and unsolidified ones, should be considered as research contents of stratigraphy. Traditional stratigraphy mainly involves strata formed under gravity mechanism, plus a few kinds of bedded volcanic rocks such as lava, pyroclastic rock and volcanic ash, as well as metamorphic sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary rocks. These traditional strata are regarded as Smithian strata in this paper. In modem stratigraphy, mechanism of strata formation includes not only gravity but also thermal (ophiolite), mechanic and tectonic forces (orogenic melange and tectonite). In these above-mentioned non-gravitative conditions, the strata,formed complying with their own mechanisms but not with the law of superposition of Smithian stratigraphy, are called non-Smithian strata here. In melange regions from orogenic belt, formations of nonSmithian strata could be classified into subduct-scrape-match, subduct-retm-n-match, and subduct-overthrnst twits.     

陕北地区中侏罗世延安期古地理特征*

在系统收集陕北地区中侏罗统延安组野外露头、钻井、测井、古生物等资料的基础上,对延安组沉积期的沉积环境及其层序地层格架进行分析,并恢复了各层序沉积期的岩相古地理格局。将延安组划分为3个三级层序,分层序绘制了关键单因素的等值线图,恢复了各层序沉积期的岩相古地理格局。层序Ⅰ沉积早期主要为河流沉积;随着盆地沉降的加剧,中部地区逐渐变为湖泊沉积,东北部河流沉积演变为三角洲沉积;层序Ⅱ沉积时期基本继承了层序Ⅰ晚期的沉积格局,古地理格局相对较稳定;层序Ⅲ沉积期,盆地基底不断抬升,湖泊逐渐萎缩成局限湖,河流沉积、三角洲沉积分别在研究区中部、东北部大规模发育。     

从常规体系域到非常规体系域——河流相层序地层学研究的一个重要进展

在与海平面变化存在联系的近滨线河流相地层中,源于海岸碎屑沉积体系的层序地层学概念得到了较好的应用,从而在河流相地层中产生了低水位体系域(LST)、与海侵体系域类似的水进体系域(TST)及高水位体系域(HST)等常规体系域下的河流相层序地层划分方案。由于源于海岸沉积体系的早期体系域划分存在着概念体系的不协调,故常规体系域划分在河流相层序中的使用也就存在着概念体系的不协调。非常规体系域(低可容纳空间体系域,LAST;高可容纳空间体系域,HAST)的提出可避免这种概念体系的不协调,并为研究复杂的河流沉积过程和提取地层记录规律提供重要的线索和思路。     

The origin of K-feldspar megacrysts hosted in alkaline potassic rocks from central Italy: a track for low-pressure processes in mafic magmas

In situ Sr-isotope and microchemical studies were used to determine the provenance of K-feldspar megacrysts hosted in mafic alkaline potassic, ultrapotassic rocks and in differentiated rocks from two nearby volcanic apparatus in central Italy.

At Monte Cimino volcanic complex, mafic leucite-free ultrapotassic megacryst-bearing rocks of olivine latitic composition are associated with evolved latite and trachyte. Here, latites and trachytes straddle the sub-alkaline field. Age-corrected ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (Sr_i) of the analysed Cimino olivine latites vary from 0.71330 and 0.71578 and strongly increase at constant Mg value. Latite and trachyte have lower Sr_i than olivine latites ranging between 0.71331 and 0.71361. Sr_i of K-feldspar megacrysts from olivine latites are between 0.71352 and 0.71397, but core and rim ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios within individual megacryst are indistinguishable. In all the mafic rocks, the megacrysts are not in isotopic equilibrium with the hosts. K-feldspar megacrysts from both the latite and trachyte have similar Sr-isotope compositions (Sr_i=0.71357–0.71401) to those in the olivine latites. However, Sr_i of megacryst in the trachyte vary significantly from core to rim (Sr_i from 0.71401 to 0.71383). As with the olivine latites, the K-feldspar megacrysts are not in isotopic equilibrium with bulk rock compositions of the latite or trachyte.

At Vico volcano, megacryst-bearing rocks are mafic leucite-free potassic rocks, mafic leucite-bearing ultrapotassic rocks and old trachytic rocks. The mafic leucite-bearing and leucite-free rocks are a tephri-phonolite and an olivine latite, respectively. A megacryst in Vico trachyte is isotopically homogeneous (Sr_i CORE=0.71129, RIM=0.71128) and in equilibrium with the host rock (Sr_i bulk ROCK=0.71125). Sr_i of megacryst from tephri-phonolite is clearly not in isotopic equilibrium with its host (Sr_i bulk ROCK=0.71158), and it increases from core (Sr_i=0.71063) to rim (Sr_i=0.71077). A megacryst in Vico olivine latite is isotopically homogeneous (Sr_i CORE=0.71066, RIM=0.71065), but not in equilibrium with the host rock (Sr_i bulk ROCK=0.71013).

The Sr isotope microdrilling technique reveals that Cimino megacrysts were crystallised in a Cimino trachytic magma and were subsequently incorporated by mixing/mingling processes in the latitic and olivine latitic melts. A model invoking the presence of a mafic sub-alkaline magma, which was mixed with the olivine latite, is proposed to justify the lack of simple geochemical mixing relation between Cimino trachytes and olivine latites. This magmatological model is able to explain the geochemical characteristics of Cimino olivine latites, otherwise ascribed to mantle heterogeneity.

The similarity of core Sr_i of megacrysts hosted in Vico tephri-phonolite and olivine latite suggests that the K-feldspar megacrysts are co-genetic. Isotopic equilibrium between megacryst and Vico host trachyte indicates that the trachyte is the parent of this megacryst. On the contrary, the megacrysts hosted in tephri-phonolite and olivine latite do not derive from the old trachytic magma because no diffusion process may explain the core to rim Sr isotope increase of the xenocryst hosted in the tephri-phonolite. The megacrysts hosted in the Vico mafic rocks might derive from a trachytic melt similar in composition to the old Vico trachytes.     

四川盆地北部下三叠统飞仙关组层序地层分析

为了探讨礁滩储集岩的分布规律,以层序地层学理论与方法系统研究了四川盆地北部下三叠统飞仙关组地层。通过露头、岩芯、测井、地震数据综合分析,识别出两个三级层序及四个准层序组,确定蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘滩、斜坡和盆地相六类沉积类型。层序划分及层序界面的确定,依据陆上暴露和向上变浅两个方面的识别标志。暴露界面表现为泥岩表面干裂,淡水选择性溶蚀、白云化现象,白云岩、石膏,伽玛曲线高值。向上变浅层序有向上变厚、变粗序列,向上变细、变泥、变红序列,向上γ值变低序列。对比发现高水位体系域后期发育台地边缘鲕滩和台地内鲕滩。广泛白云岩化作用的台地边缘鲕滩相,具有很好的孔渗性,成为最有利的储集层。对指导进一步的勘探与开发具有重要意义。     

蜀南地区飞仙关组高精度层序地层研究

针对四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组层序地层存在多种不同划分方案,以高精度层序地层学理论与方法为指导,以蜀南地区飞仙关组台地相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩为研究对象,以野外露头剖面、岩芯、钻井、测井、地震等资料为基础,综合应用岩性突变面、沉积相转换面、沉积物空间堆积样式的变化、早期成岩变化、电测井曲线特征以及地震反射特征等标志,识别出不同级次的11个层序界面,据此将本区飞仙关组划分为2个三级层序(TSQ1和TSQ2)和10个四级层序,其中TSQ1可细分出6个四级层序,TSQ2可再分出4个四级层序,并将其与传统地层单位进行对比:三级层序TSQ1和TSQ2分别对应于飞一段+飞二段地层和飞三段+飞四段地层。通过层序地层对比和层序地层格架的建立,指出这些层序在全区均具有良好的可对比性和等时性,每个层序均具有快速海侵到缓慢海退的特点,均由海侵体系域和高位体系域构成,未发现低位体系域和凝缩段。层序与储层关系的研究表明,四级层序Ⅲ和Ⅷ是台内鲕滩这种有利储集相带的主要发育层位,所形成的滩相鲕粒灰岩储层与高位体系域的向上变浅序列和早期暴露及其所导致的大气淡水淋溶改造有关,平面上集中分布于中东部地区。     

断陷盆地边界断层分段的层序地层响应特征——以南堡凹陷西南庄断层上盘陡坡带东营组为例

通过综合3D地震数据及钻井资料,以三级层序为时间单元制作了不同时期断层位移曲线和断面倾角分布图,对西南庄断层分段的断面几何学与东营组时期运动学特征进行分析。结果表明西南庄断层分段控制了其上盘褶皱几何形态。其中,向斜(半地堑)位于断层位移极大段,背斜位于断层位移极小处即断层段连接处;断层分段的几何学与运动学特征具有明显对应关系,在位移极大段,断层面较陡,而断层段连接处,断层位移较小,对应的断层倾角也较小。边界断层分段活动控制了盆地内可容纳空间、物源供应和古地貌。在断层段中央附近断层活动速率最大,物源供应速率最低,可容纳空间一直是增长的,层序内部准层序以退积和加积式叠置方式为主。而断层段连接处,断层活动速率最小,物源供应速率最高,可容纳空间以下降为主,层序内部准层序以进积式叠置方式为主。因此,沿边界断层走向断层活动性差异控制了层序内部构成样式,是控制断陷盆地陡坡带储层和烃源岩发育的主要因素。     

河南省白垩系-古近系界线划分初探

河南省上白垩统与古近系均为陆相沉积 ,在全省范围内 ,两者间呈假整合或不整合接触 ,在沉积特征上显示出较大的差异 ,在古生物群的演化方面 ,也各自具有不同的特色。界线上的间断 ,反映了燕山事件序列第 幕在河南的普遍存在 ,它控制了河南新生代沉积盆地的形成和发展 ,进而影响中国大陆的地质演化历史。因此 ,河南省白垩系与古近系界线的确定 ,可以为我国中、新生代界限和白垩系 -古近系界线的研究 ,提供可利用的实际材料     

川滇黔桂地区泥盆系层序地层分析

根据层序关键界面、体系域叠置关系及内部构型特征,结合生物地层资料,右江盆地泥盆系可划分为17个三级层序,其中下统 7个、中统 5个、上统 5个,包括 9个Ⅰ型层序、8个Ⅱ型层序,代表17次三级相对海平面变化产物。在此基础上,对不同沉积背景的层序进行了对比,建立了相应的层序格架模型。结果表明,不同沉积相带的层序内部构型和成因格架存在一定的差异,但由于海平面变化这一共同因素的影响,它们仍可进行对比和追踪。