沉积物中石英E'心的热力学特性及其地质应用意义

对 8个取自南海珠江口盆地XJ33-2 -1井的样品进行了热力学实验 ,使用电子自旋共振 (ESR)技术获取了样品中石英E′心天然状况下的ESR信号强度I1对经热活化技术处理后石英E′心的ESR信号强度I2 的比值。实验结果表明 :每个样品的活化温度不完全相同 ,这与母岩的特性有关 ;I1/I2 值与古地温呈正相关关系 ;I1/I2 值与地层年龄有很强的相关性 ,相关系数高达0 .99。说明I1/I2 值具有古地温指示和地质计时的实际意义。     

青藏公路沿线冻土区域分布计算机模拟与制图

通过对青藏公路沿线实测年平均地温多元回归统计,建立了年平均地温与海拔、纬度的关系模型。利用多年冻土分布下界的统计方程和关系模型及其于格网的地理信息分析系统,对青藏公路沿线多年冻土下界分和多年冻土地温带分布进行计算机模拟,结果表明,所建立的模拟模型能够反应青藏公路沿线多年冻土的区域分布特征,模拟结果基本上反映多年冻土分布状况。     

地震环境与潜在震源区信息系统的建立及应用

应用GIS建立的地震环境与潜在震源区信息系统是中国抗震设防区划图信息系统的一个子系统 ,其任务是为新一代区划图的编制及其它相关领域提供基础信息服务。该系统空间数据库包括地震地质、地球物理、地震活动性等基础资料以及地震区划的部分初步成果。系统以MapInfo桌面地图系统为软件开发及运行平台 ,采用公共识别码在属性数据和空间数据之间建立联系。实现了图形数据与属性数据的相互查询、指定区域查询、缓冲区查询及各种统计分析等功能 ;应用GIS软件的制图功能 ,实现了计算机制图 ;结合抗震减灾工作实践 ,建立了各种应用模型 ,初步实现了通过GIS动态反映地震环境的变化 ,为工程地震、地震预报等研究提供基础数据的目的     

Zonation of the main volcanic hazards (lava flows and ash fall) in Tenerife, Canary Islands. A proposal for a surveillance network

The island of Tenerife is volcanically complex, and its eruptive history predominantly reflects the processes and products of two different eruptive styles: (1) non-explosive effusions of basaltic lavas from fissure vents mostly aligned along two ridges; and (2) less frequent but explosive salic eruptions from central vents associated with the Las Cañadas volcanic edifice and associated summit caldera. We have taken into account this fundamental distinction to develop a volcanic-hazards zonation (for lava flows and ash fall only) that includes: definition of the principal hazards; identification of the areas that have higher probability of containing emission centres; and numerical modelling of the vulnerable areas to be affected by volcanic hazards. Not only does the volcanic-hazards zonation map provide emergency-management officials with an updated assessment of the volcanic hazards, but it also represents a starting point for the preparation of a volcanic risk map for Tenerife. Finally, the hazards-zonation map also furnishes the basis for the design of a proposed volcano surveillance network.     

西藏龙玛拉矽卡岩型铅锌多金属矿床金属矿物特征及地质意义

龙玛拉铅锌多金属矿床是冈底斯成矿带东段北缘念青唐古拉矽卡岩型多金属成矿带一个典型的铅锌矿床,矿床以铅锌银矿化为主,伴生铁铜矿化,具有矿化元素丰富,品位高的特点。矿体在纵向上发育明显的矿化分带,从矿体顶部向下依次发育铅锌银矿化、锌铜矿化、铁铜矿化和铁矿化,表现出从矿体顶部到矿体,从低温到高温的元素和矿物组合的分布规律。镜下鉴定及电子探针分析结果表明,矿床主要金属矿物有方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和磁铁矿,同时存在少量的斜方辉铅铋矿、自然铋等铋矿物以及白铁矿、铜蓝、孔雀石等次生矿物,金属矿物间具有复杂的穿插交代关系,根据详细的野外观察和镜下鉴定厘清了矿物生成顺序。黄铁矿Co/Ni比值集中在1~5之间,显示出岩浆热液成因的特点,其Fe/（S+As）比值和胶状黄铁矿的出现暗示矿床形成于中浅成环境,闪锌矿富Fe、Mn,多为铁闪锌矿,表明其形成于中高温环境,按照Fe元素温度计估算出闪锌矿成矿温度为259~305℃,磁黄铁矿以单斜磁黄铁矿为主,为低温成因,且在浅部围岩和矿体中均大量出现,显示出成矿流体运移至近地表后快速降温,在强还原条件下发生了硫化物沉淀,龙玛拉矿床为远端岩浆热液矽卡岩型矿床。矿床中铋矿物与银具有密切的时空关系,指示铋对银的富集可能具有重要作用,对该带银成矿规律的研究具有一定的指示意义。     

一种城市地震动区划方法

文中从场地划分入手,提出了一种城市地震动参数区划方法新思路:即首先利用专业软件Surfer和ArcGis对区域内的钻孔资料进行处理,构建包含土层厚度、波速分布和建筑场地分类等信息的三维地下模型,并对地表进行场地分区和网格划分。然后在每一场地分区内,选取若干个典型钻孔,进行一维土层地震响应分析,计算结果代表该类场地的地震反应,再根据区域内所有离散点(网格点)的信息,即可获得整个计算区域的地表地震反应结果,进而得到整个区域的地震动参数区划,以及不同加速度峰值的等值线。这一方法可用于计算不同强度地震输入下,区域内地震动的分布,其结果可用于城市震害预测,特别是震后快速评估。     

Report on the 4th International Meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group, the “Kilian Group” (Dijon, France, 30th August 2010)

The 4th Kilian Group meeting (Dijon, France, 30th August 2010) focused on the Aptian and Albian Stages. For the Aptian, a two-fold division of the stage was adopted for the Mediterranean area with a boundary between the Dufrenoyia furcata and Epicheloniceras martini Zones. The main changes to the zonal scheme concern the Lower Aptian with: the introduction of a Deshayesites luppovi Subzone in the upper part of the Deshayesites oglanlensis Zone; the replacement of Deshayesites weissi by Deshayesites forbesi as new index-species of the second interval zone; the introduction of a Roloboceras hambrovi Subzone in the upper part of the D. forbesi Zone; and the subdivision of the D. furcata Zone into the D. furcata and Dufrenoyia dufrenoyi Subzones. For the Albian, the upper part of the Douvilleiceras mammillatum Zone (Lower Albian) is now characterized by a Lyelliceras pseudolyelli Subzone. The main amendments concern the Upper Albian. The base of this substage is defined by the base of the Dipoloceras cristatum Zone. Above it, the Upper Albian zonal scheme comprises in stratigraphic order the Mortoniceras pricei, Mortoniceras inflatum, Mortoniceras fallax, Mortoniceras rostratum, Mortoniceras perinflatum and Arrhaphoceras briacensis Zones.     

Palynological record from a composite core through Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene deposits in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China and its biostratigraphic implications

Two boreholes drilled approximately 75 km apart in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China, have together provided a composite core that represents an almost continuous section through Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene deposits. Eight biozones have been established for this succession of seven formations based on occurrences and associations of biostratigraphically significant palynomorph genera. Seven of these suggest that there was more or less continuous deposition from the late Turonian to the early Paleocene, with the eighth encompassing a Miocene formation that overlies the succession unconformably. This zonation provides a new chronostratigraphic framework for the Late Cretaceous deposits of the Songliao Basin. The ages of most of the formations involved differ from those determined previously. One of the sedimentary units, the Mingshui Formation, includes the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, which seems to be indicated by an apparent “mass extinction” of palynomorph taxa, a comparatively rare occurrence outside North America. The upper Quantou Formation, the lowest unit in the succession, is dated as late Turonian-Coniacian, which is much younger than previously thought. The same applies to the overlying Qingshankou and Yaojia formations, and also to the other three (Nenjiang, Sifangtai and Mingshui) but to a lesser extent, in the conformable succession. The Early/Late Cretaceous boundary must now be located probably below the Quantou Formation, either between it and the underlying Denglouku Formation or within the latter.     

初论云南易门地区凤山铜矿床刺穿构造岩-岩相分带模式

以云南易门式凤山铜矿床为例,应用刺穿构造岩-岩相学填图方法,解剖了控矿刺穿体的识别标志、物质组成、类型、内部结构、构造岩分带等特征。通过控矿刺穿体与非控矿刺穿体的对比研究,建立了控矿刺穿体的构造岩-岩相分带模式：从构造刺穿体→灰白色硅化白云岩→青灰色白云岩,依次出现刺穿体岩相带和构造蚀变岩相带,即火山角砾岩相带→含火山岩、板岩角砾岩相带→强铜矿化灰白色硅化白云质碎裂岩相带→铜矿化碎裂白云岩相带→弱硅化白云岩相带。其中强铜矿化硅化白云质碎裂岩相带、铜矿化硅化碎裂白云岩相带是矿体的主要赋存部位。金属硫化物矿物组合与矿石构造亦呈现水平分带规律：黄铜矿+斑铜矿(少)组合,块状、网脉状构造→黄铜矿+斑铜矿+辉铜矿(少)组合,稠密浸染状、脉状构造→黄铜矿+黄铁矿+斑铜矿(少)组合,细脉状、稀疏浸染状、星点状构造。     

末次盛冰期长江南京下关-栖霞山段的古河槽

选择长江南京下关-栖霞山段作为研究河段,根据南京长江大桥、四桥附近的地质钻孔资料,运用Mapinfo软件,绘制南京长江大桥、四桥附近长江古河槽地质剖面示意图.在拟建南京长江四桥附近的6个钻孔采集了年代样品,在-59.33 m深度上河床相圆砾石层中沉积物样品中有机质的14C年代为14 682±110 aBP,据此判断,位于该沉积层下部的上一期沉积旋回应在15 000 aBP之前.结论认为,该研究河段约-65～-90 m的深槽为末次盛冰期时的长江河槽.古河槽相对狭窄陡峭,形成局部深切.槽中充填了一次从粗到细的沉积旋回.