A procedure for landslide susceptibility zonation by the conditional analysis method

Numerous methods have been proposed for landslide probability zonation of the landscape by means of a Geographic Information System (GIS). Among the multivariate methods, i.e. those methods which simultaneously take into account all the factors contributing to instability, the Conditional Analysis method applied to a subdivision of the territory into Unique Condition Units is particularly straightforward from a conceptual point of view and particularly suited to the use of a GIS. In fact, working on the principle that future landslides are more likely to occur under those conditions which led to past instability, landslide susceptibility is defined by computing the landslide density in correspondence with different combinations of instability factors. The conceptual simplicity of this method, however, does not necessarily imply that it is simple to implement, especially as it requires rather complex operations and a high number of GIS commands. Moreover, there is the possibility that, in order to achieve satisfactory results, the procedure has to be repeated a few times changing the factors or modifying the class subdivision. To solve this problem, we created a shell program which, by combining the shell commands, the GIS Geographical Research Analysis Support System (GRASS) commands and the gawk language commands, carries out the whole procedure automatically. This makes the construction of a Landslide Susceptibility Map easy and fast for large areas too, and even when a high spatial resolution is adopted, as shown by application of the procedure to the Parma River basin, in the Italian Northern Apennines.     

川藏公路然乌-鲁朗段泥石流灾害成因分析及定量化分区

独特的地质、地形地貌、水文以及气候条件使得川藏公路然乌至鲁朗段各种山地灾害极其发育,尤其以泥石流灾害最为严重。根据前人的成果以及作者的实地调查,认为复杂的地质构造、强烈的地壳运动和河流切割、频繁的地震、丰富的松散堆积物、有利的地形地貌、现代冰川以及丰沛的降雨是研究区泥石流灾害频繁发生的主要原因。为了更有效地进行减灾防灾,采用岩石工程系统方法对研究区对泥石流进行了定量化分区。通过与初步定性泥石流分区以及泥石流灾害的分布情况进行对照,验证了定量泥石流分区的正确性和可行性。      

中国区域地壳稳定性编图研究

中国区域地壳稳定性评价图,是根据"安全岛"理论,采用网格划分,逐层应用模糊综合评判和图象识别,以及区域地壳稳定性评价专家系统的步骤和方法编制完成的。该图预测评价的极不稳定区和极次不稳定区,已被近期在中国云南孟连、甘肃永登两地分别发生的中、强地震震中定位所证实。因此,介绍区域地壳稳定性评价的定量化编图理论和方法以及它在实际应用中的作用和意义,即是本文阐述的重点内容。      

基于网络分析法的滑坡灾害风险区划研究及工程应用

本文介绍了网络分析法基本原理及计算方法,并采用其模型原理,对构成滑坡灾害的地层岩性、坡度、坡向、植被覆盖、河网缓冲、高程等多个评价因子进行了分析和叠合评价。通过分析专家评定所需滑坡评价因子间复杂的关系,得到了庐山风景区滑坡灾害风险等级图,且评价结果与该区调查滑坡资料的分布情况吻合,为滑坡预警和滑坡治理提供了科学依据。     

基于GIS技术的巴东新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划

基于ArcGIS8软件平台开发了三峡库区巴东县新城区滑坡灾害信息系统,通过全面分析巴东新城区滑坡灾害的地形条件,工程地质岩组、构造与斜坡结构类型、人类工程活动、水的作用等影响因素,建立了相应的滑坡灾害危险性评价指标体系。采用基于GIS技术的信息量模型和敏感性评价方法,实现了巴东县新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划,其中,高危险区面积3.30km^2,占7.196;中危险区面积5.77km^2,占12.4％;低危险区面积16.40km^2,占35.3％;基本安全面积21.05km^2,占45.2％,可以作为巴东新城区城镇建设规划和减灾防灾的参考依据。     

湖南香花岭地区花岗岩中锂对成岩成矿的制约

锂(Li)是一种战略关键金属,岩浆阶段主要在花岗质岩石中得到富集和结晶.由于具有不相容和富挥发性等性质,锂对花岗岩的成岩成矿具有重要的制约.文章利用电子探针、LA-ICP-MS等分析手段,对湖南香花岭地区癞子岭和尖峰岭花岗岩进行系统岩相学、主微量和矿物学研究,结果表明:(1)花岗质岩浆结晶分异过程中,Li含量逐渐升高,...     

西藏龙玛拉铅锌矿床矽卡岩矿物特征及其地质意义

龙玛拉铅锌矿床是位于冈底斯成矿带之念青唐古拉铅锌成矿亚带东段的一个典型矽卡岩型矿床。前人对矿床成矿物质来源及演化、成岩-成矿时代、矿床形成动力学背景等方面进行过一定的研究, 但对矽卡岩矿物学及分带模式还缺乏系统的研究。为此, 本文通过详细的野外地质编录、系统的镜下鉴定和电子探针分析, 开展矽卡岩矿物组合、矿物成分及其分带特征研究。矿床矽卡岩矿物主要包括石榴子石、辉石、硅灰石、绿泥石和绿帘石等。矽卡岩矿物组合和化学成分在空间上具有明显的分带性。矽卡岩主要发育在角岩与大理岩接触带, 或沿裂隙充填在围岩中, 横向上显示了从褪色角岩→石榴子石矽卡岩→深色角岩→透辉石矽卡岩(矿体)→大理岩→角岩的分带特征。垂向上由顶板至底板表现出从角岩→石榴子石矽卡岩→透辉石矽卡岩→大理岩→石榴子石矽卡岩→透辉石矽卡岩→角岩的岩性分带特征。矿床石榴子石为钙铁-钙铝榴石类质同象系列(And7.92~88.63Gro5.92~86.46Pyr+Spe1.04~5.11), 端员组分变化范围较大, 表明矽卡岩的形成环境并不是完全封闭的体系。通过对铅锌主矿体的赋矿矽卡岩中石榴子石进行研究, 表明成矿流体是从矿区南西方向向北东方向运移就位形成主矿体, 为矿区寻找成矿岩体及深部找矿提供指导。     

西北干旱区水文系统的演变与荒漠化

西北干旱区分布的巨大内陆盆地，如准噶尔、塔里木、柴达木盆地和河西走廊等，被认为是典型的戈壁沙漠地区，约占国土总面积的25％。由冰雪融水与降水补给形成的山区河流，流入山前平原，在戈壁带入渗地下，转化为地下水，并在绿洲带溢出地表，成为绿洲耕地的主要灌溉水源。自20世纪50年代以来，由于大规模的水利化建设，导致水资源条件发生巨大变化，生态环境严重恶化，最终导致大片土地荒漠化。因此，重点论述干旱区在人类经济活动影响下，水文系统的演变及其与水环境和生态环境之间的相互影响、相互制约关系。     

区域分异理论刍议

在对区域分异理论的认识史及其现状进行简要分析的基础上,提出应重新重视对区域分异理论的基础性研究;通过对区域分异及区域分异规律概念的解析,提出了区域分异规律只指地带性分异的观点;进一步阐述了地带性规律的内涵,认为垂直带谱和水平带谱具有统一的水热基础和类型可比性,并将地带性带谱统一划分为水分型、热量型、水热型3种类型.     

Seismic Zonation of Central- Southern Hunan Province, China

Based on basic data used in compiling the Zonation Map of Earthquake Ground Motion Parameters in China, recent research on seismic safety assessment for engineering sites in central-southern Hunan Province, the new attenuation relationships of moderate earthquakes and the background seismicity data obtained by modern instrumental earthquake records since 1970, a new result of seismic zonation of central-southern Hunan Province is provided. The result shows that the area with PGA=0.05g has obviously increased in the new map compared with the previous one and is relatively consistent with the seismic disaster characteristics of moderate earthquakes that took place in the central-southern part of Hunan in recent years. This result will benefit the research and compilation of a new-generation seismic zonation map of earthquake ground motion parameters and the seismic hazard assessment in the moderate earthquake active regions in the central and eastern part of China.