赣东北鹅湖岭组的再认识

在分析赣东北鹅湖岭组及有关地层的地质特征、地层划分现状及产生分岐的原因的基础上,提出以岩性、岩相为划分依据,将鹅湖岭组与喷发相相对应,将其下界、上界分别置于沉积喷发相与喷发相、喷发相与喷发沉积相的相变界面上。从而将北京地质学院指定的打鼓顶组建组剖面上的"打鼓顶组"并入鹅湖岭组;将赣东北其它地区的鹅湖岭组下界由安山岩层顶界处上移至安山岩层之上灰绿色砂岩层的顶界处,将铅山一上饶一带鹅湖岭组上界下移至原鹅湖岭组上部的底界处。     

华南晚三叠世前陆盆地的成因地层格架及演化历史

在详细研究盆地中各类沉积体系的沉积构成和演化过程的基础上,通过成因地层对比,建立了残留海湾—前陆盆地的成因地层格架。根据沉积体系的时空组合及其与相关等时性地层面的配置关系,划分出了3个构造沉积幕,每个构造沉积幕都是盆地基底荷载挠曲变形至弹性回跳过程的沉积响应。海平面升降变化和盆内软沉积物压实沉降虽然不能触发和主控盆地基底的构造挠曲旋回,但对各构造沉积幕的地层构型和持续时间有重要影响。盆地基底荷载挠曲变形与海平面升降或压实沉降过程以不同方式叠加,产生各种类型的构造沉积幕,与前陆盆地共生的还有后陆盆地和残留的弧后盆地。     

土体疲劳对打桩分析的影响

在动力沉桩过程中,桩长时间连续运动导致桩侧土体强度的降低,使土体产生疲劳效应。结合一维应力波动理论,桩土相互作用模型和土体疲劳的不同计算方法,编制计算软件,对渤海某油田采油平台的桩基工程进行打桩分析,预测沉桩过程所需的锤击数、桩周土静阻力以及桩的极限承载力。比较不同的桩侧土体疲劳计算模式的分析结果,并用工程实测数据验证计算值。为工程设计和施工提供参考。     

海底双层管单层连接管道结构受力分析

粘性高的海洋石油通常需要通过海底保温管道加温输送.温度变化会引起管道变形,并在管壁内产生较大的温度应力.同时,管道正常运营期间还受到管道内压、外压、管内流体粘滞力和土体摩擦力等环境荷载的作用.复杂的环境可能导致海底管道轴向应力过大发生破坏.为了提高铺管效率,提出了双层管单层连接管道这一特殊管道形式,并从理论上分析温度变化和环境荷载对该管道的影响,计算正常运行时管道不同位置处横截面内最大Von-Mises应力.最后得到了Von-Mises应力沿管道轴线分布情况,发现内管和单层连接管的应力一般比外管大,变径管和内管的焊缝处是Von-Mises应力最大的地方.     

重力式海洋平台沉箱的断裂分析

研究重力式海洋平台沉箱的表面裂纹最大深度,通过考虑沉箱有一个内表面裂纹,将问题简化为无裂纹重力式平台问题和带裂纹矩形板问题的叠加,应用有限元方法对重力式海洋平台无裂纹情形进行了静力分析,得到了与裂纹位置对应处的环向拉应力。计算裂纹矩形板的应力强度因子,得到海洋环境荷载下沉箱内表面裂纹的最大深度为0.066 8m,计算结果可供海洋平台的设计参考。     

基于谱分析法的深水半潜式平台疲劳强度分析

以某新型深水半潜式钻井平台为分析对象,依据三维绕射理论计算单位波幅下波浪诱导载荷,通过建立三维有限元模型计算完成了热点应力响应。运用热点应力的谱分析法计算得到危险节点的疲劳寿命,并进一步分析了各个短期海况和不同浪向对节点总的疲劳损伤度的贡献。研究结果表明,危险节点的疲劳寿命都满足设计寿命要求;在各种中低海况下,疲劳损伤主要来自于平均跨零周期在6 s附近,有义波高转大的短期海况;平台关键连接部位的疲劳损伤主要是在横浪和斜浪状态下产生的,并且对某单一方向的波浪非常敏感。此研究对该类型平台的连接处结构设计和疲劳分析方法有参考意义。     

Coupling winds to ocean surface currents over the global ocean

A Wind stress–Current Coupled System (WCCS) consisting of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and an improved wind stress algorithm based on Donelan et al. [Donelan, W.M., Drennan, Katsaros, K.B., 1997. The air–sea momentum flux in mixed wind sea and swell conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 2087–2099] is developed by using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). The WCCS is applied to the global ocean to study the interactions between the wind stress and the ocean surface currents. In this study, the ocean surface current velocity is taken into consideration in the wind stress calculation and air–sea heat flux calculation. The wind stress that contains the effect of ocean surface current velocity will be used to force the HYCOM. The results indicate that the ocean surface velocity exerts an important influence on the wind stress, which, in turn, significantly affects the global ocean surface currents, air–sea heat fluxes, and the thickness of ocean surface boundary layer. Comparison with the TOGA TAO buoy data, the sea surface temperature from the wind–current coupled simulation showed noticeable improvement over the stand-alone HYCOM simulation.     

热锻炼对龙须菜高温胁迫响应的影响

夏季高温是限制龙须菜(Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis)生长和发育的一个主要问题。本研究以野生龙须菜作为材料,经过28℃的热锻炼预处理72 h,再分别置于32、36、40℃高温胁迫24 h,并测定了高温胁迫条件下龙须菜的丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和可溶性蛋白质的含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)水平等生理指标,研究了龙须菜对高温胁迫的响应。结果表明:热锻炼能维持藻体较低的MDA含量,降低H2O2的产生速率,缓解藻体的膜脂过氧化伤害;同时热锻炼缓解了可溶性蛋白质的降解,增加了SOD酶的比活力,缓解了AsA的下降速率,说明热锻炼能缓解高温胁迫对藻体的伤害,有效地提高了龙须菜对高温胁迫响应的能力。     

In-situ stress state in the Linxing region,eastern Ordos Basin,China: Implications for unconventional gas exploration and production

The Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary rocks (mainly the Shanxi and Taiyuan formations) in the Linxing region, eastern Ordos Basin, China, host a significant volume of unconventional gas resources (coalbed methane, shale gas and tight sandstone gas). Currently, the in-situ stress state is poorly understood but knowledge of this is extremely important for a range of applications, such as gas exploration and production, fracture stimulation and wellbore stability. The maximum horizontal stress (S_Hmax), minimum horizontal stress (S_hmin) and vertical stress (S_v) magnitudes, and the S_Hmax orientation in the Linxing region were systematically analyzed for the first time in the present study, which can provide a reference for subsequent numerical simulation and hydraulic fracturing design. Based on borehole breakouts and drilling-induced tensile fractures interpreted from borehole imaging logs, the S_Hmax orientation rotates from ∼NEE-SWW-trending in the southern part to ∼ NWW-SEE-trending in the northern part of the Linxing region. Both conventional logs and extended leak-off tests were used for stress magnitude determination. The results revealed three types of in-situ stress fields (S_v > S_Hmax > S_hmin, S_Hmax > S_v > S_hmin and S_Hmax > S_v ≈ S_hmin), and a dominant strike-slip stress regime (S_Hmax > S_v ≥ S_hmin) was found for the entire well section in the target Shanxi Formation and Taiyuan Formation in the Linxing region. In addition, differential stress increased with depth in the Linxing region, which indicates that wellbore instability might be a potentially significant problem when drilling wells that are vertical or ∼ N-S-trending.