安棚地区天然碱矿沉积特征及成因研究

本文通过录井、测井、岩心、薄片、孢粉组合等资料,对安棚地区天然碱矿的沉积特征及成矿条件进行探讨,重点分析研究了碱矿成因。研究表明,天然碱是在干旱-半干旱气候条件下蒸发结晶而成,与泥质白云岩互层分布。少量天然碱发育于早先形成的白云岩孔隙中。天然碱形成过程包括钠盐的形成和碱化反应。碱矿分布的主控因素为白云岩相带。     

渤海湾盆地塘沽地区古近系沙河街组湖相白云岩特征及成因*

渤海湾盆地塘沽地区古近系沙河街组三段沉积早期为半封闭的湖湾沉积环境,底部发育一套白云岩储集层,其产出受区域内北东向古潜山基底断裂控制,沿古潜山两侧发育,分布面积较大,累计厚度可达100多米。系统的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征研究表明,该套白云岩常与泥岩互层产出,白云石主要为铁白云石和含铁白云石,普通显微镜下呈微晶状,扫描电镜下可见菱面体状晶型;X射线衍射分析表明其形成于准同生期,是快速结晶的产物;碳氧同位素分析及稀土元素分析显示,这类微晶白云岩形成于较为封闭的高盐度蒸发环境中,具统一的流体来源和相同成因机理。基于上述研究成果,认为塘沽地区沙河街组三段微晶白云岩的形成主要经历了准同生期回流渗透作用和成岩期埋藏环境下类质同象交代作用两个阶段。     

川中南部地区下二叠统栖霞组白云岩储层成因研究

川中南部地区下二叠统栖霞组在钻探中发现栖二段细—中晶白云岩是良好的储层,并且多口井获得工业气流,展示出一定勘探潜力。为进一步预测川中南部地区白云岩的储层分布特征,加快研究区下一步勘探开发,应用储层岩性特征识别、碳氧同位素、包裹体测温、阴极发光以及稀土元素分析研究白云岩储层成因,结果表明栖霞组白云岩无石膏或其他蒸发盐岩伴生,储集岩以细—中晶白云岩和灰质白云岩为主,主要分布于栖二段;栖霞组白云岩C、O同位素测试δ13C为4.03‰~4.77‰、古盐度为131.74~133.39,包裹体均一温度为110~180℃,阴极发光较弱,基质白云岩发紫红色光,溶洞充填马鞍状白云岩不发光;稀土元素的轻稀土和重稀土分布趋势一致,保持了原岩的稀土配分趋势;综合分析认为栖二段白云岩为埋藏成因,其中裂缝和溶洞充填的马鞍状白云岩为热液成因。      

青西凹陷下白垩统湖相喷流岩成因探讨及其意义

青西凹陷下白垩统泥云岩 (泥质白云岩、白云质泥岩、白云岩,统称“泥云岩”)以其富含泥级钠长石、石英、铁白云石和重晶石等特殊矿物成分为特点。从构造、沉积、岩石学等方面对青西凹陷下白垩统泥云岩进行了地质分析,指出泥云岩的成因与湖底热水喷流有关。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马五段低孔低渗岩溶白云岩储层特征及孔隙成因

针对鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田马五段低孔低渗岩溶白云岩储层发育特征,展开对致密岩溶白云岩储层孔隙成因进行研究。通过岩心、薄片观察,结合扫描电镜、CT扫描分析,明确了白云岩储层岩石学类型、孔隙类型及成因。结合测井及地球化学分析,认为表生期孔隙主要为膏溶孔、溶孔及地开石晶间孔隙;白云石含量及结构控制了白云岩晶间孔隙;残留有机质保护了藻云岩残余晶间孔隙。通过岩溶白云岩孔隙成因分析,最后认为:(1)白云石化作用及成因模式是造成岩溶白云岩储层低孔低渗的主要原因,准同生期-浅埋藏期形成的白云石晶粒普遍较为细小,晶粒结构以半自形-它形为主,晶间孔隙为微孔,造成孔隙喉道较窄;泥微晶白云岩与粉-细晶白云岩(储集岩)分布在纵向上具有不均匀性,造成白云岩整体上孔渗较低;(2)岩溶作用增加了白云岩储层的非均质性,裂缝、溶洞及较大扩溶孔被泥质、方解石充填,很大程度上降低了岩溶白云岩储层的孔渗性能,正因为膏质泥微晶白云岩和粉-细晶白云岩为低孔低渗特征,使得地表水携带的泥质不易充填孔隙。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区下奥陶统白云岩成因

塔里木盆地塔中地区下奥陶统白云岩广泛发育,岩石类型复杂多样,主要包括结晶白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩、残余灰质白云岩、藻云岩、亮边雾心白云岩、环带白云岩及少量膏云岩等结构类型。白云岩交代现象明显,δ18O普遍为中—高负值（-3.2‰～-8.7‰）;δ13C值基本为低中负值（-3‰～-0.77‰）,Z值大多集中在118～123...     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组四段沉积特征及其控储效应*

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组四段(简称“马四段”)是下古生界天然气风险勘探的重点层位。文中基于岩心、薄片观察,结合地层对比、沉积结构描述等,并运用岩石结构组分测井解释和井震结合古地貌恢复等手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地马四段沉积时期古地貌、沉积特征和储集层展布进行了详细分析。结果表明: (1)受控于沉积期隆坳相间的古地貌格局,马四段发育大量台地内丘滩微相,其易于发生准同生溶蚀和白云石化作用,是储集层发育的有利相带;(2)马四段储集层以(藻)砂屑白云岩和粉—细晶白云岩为主,储集空间主要为粒间孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔等;(3)纵向上,储集层主要分布于马四₂亚段和马四₁亚段;平面上,马四段储集层主要分布于台地内低凸起带和台缘带;(4)储集层的发育受控于3个因素,其中古隆起部位发育的有效丘滩体是储集层形成的物质基础,高频层序控制的准同生溶蚀作用是储集层形成的关键,白云石化是储集层后期保存的重要因素。马四段沉积时期碳酸盐岩台地内隆坳相间的古地貌控制了丘滩相带和白云岩储集层的展布,这一新认识为鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界天然气勘探提供了有力支撑,也为碳酸盐岩台地沉积储集层的研究提供了新思路。     

西沙中新世化石仙掌藻礁矿物岩石孔渗层特征及成因模式

Halimeda is one of the major reef-building algas in the middle Miocene of Xisha, and one of the significant reefbuilding algas in the algal reef oil and gas field of the South China Sea. However, there have been few reports regarding the characteristics of mineral rocks, reservoir porosity and permeability layers, and sedimentationdiagenetic-evolution of fossil Halimeda systems. The present paper briefly introduces the relevant studies on chlorophyta Halimeda and the research status of oil and gas exploration. Through the 1 043 m core of the Xichen-1 well, we studied the characteristics of the mineral rocks and porosity and permeability of the middle Miocene Halimeda of the Yongle Atoll, identified and described the segments of fossil Halimeda, and pointed out that most of the segment slides are vertical sections in ovular, irregular or long strips. The overwhelming majority of these fossil Halimeda found and studied are vertical sections instead of cross sections. In this paper, knowledge regarding the cross sections of fossil Halimeda is reported and proven to be similar with the microscopic characteristics of modern living Halimeda; fossil Halimeda are buried in superposition; it is shown that there are different structures present, including typical bio-segment structure, and due to its feature of coexisting with red alga, tying structure, twining structure and encrusting structure are all present; and finally, it is suggested to classify the fossil Halimeda into segment algal reef dolomites. In addition, all of the studied intervals are moderately dolomitized. Secondary microcrystalline-dolosparite dominates the original aragonite raphide zones,and aphanitic-micrite dolomite plays the leading role in the cortexes and medullas; in the aragonite raphide zones between medulla and cysts, secondary dissolved pores and intercrystalline pores are formed inside the segments, and algal frame holes are formed between segments; therefore, a pore space network system(dissolved pores + intragranular dissolved pores—intercrystalline pores + algal frame holes) is established. Segment Halimeda dolomite has a porosity of 16.2%–46.1%, a permeability of 0.203×10–3–2 641×10–3 μm2, and a throatradius of 23.42–90.43 μm, therefore it is shown to be a good oil and gas reservoir. For the reasons mentioned above, we suggest building the neogene organic reef-modern reef sedimentation-diagenetic-evolution models for the Xisha Islands.     

Recharge and salination processes in the carbonate aquifers in Israel

Limestone and dolostone aquifers play a major role in the water supply system of Israel. In many cases, there are brackish to saline springs at their outlets. The source of the saline water and the mechanism of salinization differ from place to place. In some cases, it is due to mixing with seawater (Mediterranean or Dead Sea) at the fresh-saline water interface, while in other cases deepseated brines emerge along regional faults. The general policy for reclaiming the fresh component of the water before mixing with the saline component is to try to catch the fresh water as far as possible upstream from the outlet. In most cases, this is the area where the mixing takes place. The main case histories in Israel are discussed in this paper.