我国战略石油储备船概念设计研究

阐述了建立我国战略石油储备的必要性，对国外石油储备状况及储备方式做了简要介绍。从我国国情出发，提出了80万m^3浮式钢结构储油船方案设计，建立了储油船整船有限元模型，利用全船三维有限元结构分析技术进行了油舱的分舱设计，供超大型储油船设计时参考。     

基于BERT—BiLSTM—CRF模型的中文岩石描述文本命名实体与关系联合提取

地质调查正在从“数字化”走向“智能化”,需要在大数据思维的指导下,面向非结构化数据开展机器阅读和地质知识的自动提取。地学命名实体和关系联合提取是当前研究的难点和核心。本文采用基于大规模预训练中文语言模型的BERT—BiLSTM—CRF方法开展岩石描述文本命名实体与关系联合提取。首先,通过收集数字地质填图工作中的剖面测量和路线地质观测数据,建立岩石描述语料;然后,在岩石学理论指导下分析岩石知识组成,完成岩石知识图谱命名实体与关系的模式设计,标注岩石语料;最后,开展岩石描述语料知识提取的深度学习训练和消融试验对比。试验结果显示,大规模预训练中文语言模型（BERT）对岩石描述语料知识提取具有较高的适用性。推荐的BERT—BiLSTM—CRF模型方法对岩石命名实体与关系联合提取的准确率（F1值）为91.75%,对岩石命名实体识别的准确率（F1值）为97.38%。消融试验证明基于BERT的词嵌入层对岩石描述知识提取的性能提升影响显著,双向长短时记忆网络模型层（BiLSTM Layer）能提升实体关系联合提取性能。     

矿床成矿系列与成矿预测研究新进展——“《中国矿产地质志》‘成矿系列与找矿方向’”专辑特邀主编寄语

《中国矿产地质志》系列志书由全国600多家单位、4000多名地质工作者, 历时十多年编纂而成, 计划出版200多套志书、150余套附图, 全面记录我国180余种矿产、7万余处矿产地的矿产勘查成果和成矿规律, 实现我国已发现矿种、矿产地和国域面积的三个全覆盖。该志书填补了历史空白, 具有划时代的里程碑意义。该套志书是在“矿床的成矿系列”(简称“成矿系列”)理论思想指导下开展研编的, 厘定了地球系统演化各个时空域中矿种全覆盖的矿床成矿系列, 构建了全国94个成矿带和31个省区市的区域成矿谱系, 在此基础上构建了时间域、空间域及成矿作用紧密结合的成矿体系, 并进一步应用成矿系列的“全位成矿、缺位找矿”的预测思维开展了全矿种的成矿预测。在《地球学报》编辑部的大力支持下, 主动服务于新一轮找矿突破战略行动, 我们从全国、省域、成矿区带等不同尺度, 选取12篇论文, 组成“《中国矿产地质志》‘成矿系列与找矿方向’”专辑, 对铁、金、稀有、稀土、稀散、磷等战略性矿产等进行了系统总结和分析, 旨在为新一轮找矿突破战略行动中找矿工作选区和部署提供科技支撑, 促进国内重要矿产资源的勘查开发, 增储上产。     

科学找矿工作的探索——兼述战略性矿产找矿工程

科学找矿是发现矿床和矿产勘查过程的总称, 在我国已探索了四十余年。它是应用当代有效的成矿学理论, 从各类资料和数据(地、物、化、遥)中提取信息, 研究区域成矿规律, 圈定不同级别的成矿区带(I—V级), 在成矿信息浓集区带或地段, 述明潜在矿床的地质条件, 判定矿床类型, 指明寻找未发现矿床的标志, 部署矿产勘查后进而发现了矿床, 公认它是矿产勘查学科各环节有机联系的系统流程。科学找矿引领地质找矿的重大突破, 促进矿产勘查工作的现代化。我国已通过矿产区划构建了科学找矿内容的基本格架, 在“新一轮固体矿产普查”、“矿产勘查跨世纪工程”、“矿产资源调查评价”和“找矿突破战略行动纲要”(又称“三五八”行动纲要)的实践中进行探索。获取的找矿成果证明, 科学找矿要以矿床成矿系列、矿产预测理论和成矿信息为指导; 矿产远景区划、地质资料的数据处理和提取成矿信息、编制矿产预测和矿床勘探系列图件是手段; 研究典型矿床, 建立区域的和矿床的成矿模式、总结区域成矿规律、圈定矿产预测远景区和找矿靶区、部署矿产勘查工作是发现矿床的科学支撑; 矿产勘查有效机制将科学找矿各个环节的内容实现有机联接, 组成获取找矿和矿床勘探成果的基本段, 概括为“三项理论”、“二个系统”、“二项技术”, 直至今日, 探索工作已获得很好的找矿效果。在未来的“战略性矿产找矿行动(2021—2035年)”实施过程中, 用科学找矿的思路构建矿产勘查新格局。     

Priming critical thinking: Simple interventions limit the influence of fake news about climate change on Facebook

Fake news about climate change refers to fabricated information that mimics the appearance of legitimate reporting but is intended to mislead consumers. In light of concerns about fake news regarding climate change and other topics, researchers and media providers have been searching for ways to limit its spread and influence. This study tested the effect of two simple interventions, both of which primed critical thinking, on individuals’ evaluation of the credibility of real and fake news about climate change on Facebook. Through an online experiment (n = 2,750 participants), participants either read a series of guidelines for evaluating news online, or read and then rated the importance of each guideline; a control group was not exposed to guidelines of any type. We found that participants exposed to both types of guidelines reported a reduced likelihood to trust, like, and share fake news about climate change on Facebook. Importantly, exposure to these guidelines did not diminish individuals’ likelihood to trust, like, or share legitimate climate news. The effect sizes for both types of intervention were small. However, because of the scale and speed at which social media operates, even a small reduction in users’ likelihood to trust, like, and share fake news could be meaningful and impactful.     

基于多元资料的成都市2049远景发展战略规划气候可行性论证

配合2015年成都市2049远景发展战略规划编制,利用成都市气象和空气质量观测数据、卫星遥感、地理信息及城市规划土地利用资料,对该市风、热/冷环境和大气环境进行计算分析,结果表明:①成都市主导风向为NE,年平均风速为1.2m/s,静风频率高达34%,冬季风速最小。市域内风速总体呈东北向西南递减趋势,西部沿龙门山岷江口和湔江口为市域2处主要通风口。21世纪00年代城市集中区风速较20世纪80、90年代显著减少,NE和NW风向上减少可达0.5m/s。②该市较强等级以上热岛面积由1992年的53.6km~2发展至2014年的798km~2,且热岛中心呈现多极化。高级别生态冷源集中于龙门山和龙泉山,大规模城市扩张与沿山坡耕地是热/冷环境恶化的重要原因。③成都大气环境状况不佳,空气污染程度呈现城区—近郊—远郊递减特征。2007—2014年城区PM10和NO2平均浓度分别为0.116mg/m~3和0.054mg/m~3,均未达国家环境空气质量二级标准。④绘制了成都市城市气候分析图,并结合实地调查、土地利用现状以及发展诉求,形成了城市规划气候建议图,将全市划分为6类规划分区,明确了对气候影响程度不同的各类空间,进而为成都市2049远景发展战略规划提出了气候可行性建议。     

浅析《G PS 测量原理与应用》的“逆向思维”教学

讨论了近年来在《G PS测量原理与应用》课程教学中对“逆向思维”教学方法的初步认识,列举了几个“逆向思维”教学实例,总结了课程教学中存在的一些问题,并提出了今后的改进方法。     

Whither goes the “maps” course? Maintaining map-use concepts,skills, and appreciation in GIS&T curricula

Popular and professional interest in maps and map-making has never been greater. Despite this engagement, introductory skills courses in “map use” have largely disappeared in undergraduate geography and cartography programs at US universities, with research indicating that both map-use course enrollments and the existence of such courses themselves are on the decline. While the map-use course and its content may have been replaced by, repackaged as, or incorporated into an integrated geographical information systems-cartography–remote sensing foundations course, how do we ensure that an understanding of maps and their unique characteristics is not lost in the mix? This essay describes a recent course redesign experience incorporating information literacy, technology fluency, and spatial thinking principles to maintain map-use concepts, skills, and appreciation in an introductory geographic information science and technology (GIS&T) foundations course, meeting both GIS&T and general education curricular goals.     

Experiential Learning,Spatial Practice,and Critical Urban Geographies

Abstract

Experiential learning pedagogies are being adopted across undergraduate education and touted as an effective strategy for enhancing student learning. This paper develops an explanation for how and why such pedagogies can foster students' critical thinking and learning. Drawing on data collected from first-year students in “field based” urban geography courses at an urban university, I show how students' existing knowledge of urban spaces and specific parts of the city is constructed from a variety of sources and experiences, and can be incorporated in experiential learning activities in ways that foster critical learning. Such an approach is crucial to creating learning environments in higher education that include a greater diversity of student identities and life experiences.     

西南地区铀资源勘查程度与下一步勘查工作基本思路

介绍了西南地区铀资源勘查程度与勘查成果,分析了铀资源勘查过程中存在的主要问题以及亟待解决的问题。在此基础上,提出了西南地区下一步铀资源勘查的基本思路。