淮河中下游洪涝综合治理的思考与初探

新中国70年治淮事业取得了巨大成就，淮河中下游干流与洪泽湖已成为淮河进一步治理的重点区域。从流域战略地位提升、经济社会发展、自然环境演变、水问题变化等多视角系统梳理了新时期治淮主要矛盾；从水沙基本规律辨析、靶向问题揭示、河湖格局重构、综合治理措施等多方面提出淮河中下游综合治理的战略思考和建议；从降雨和干支流洪水演变规律、淮河干流和洪泽湖泥沙特征及其变化规律、现状和规划工程防洪效果与协调性、工程措施组合方案建议等4个方面介绍了淮河干流河道与洪泽湖演变及治理需进一步开展研究的内容和技术方法以及初步研究成果，以期为新时期淮河治理规划设计提供参考。     

市场转向与产业升级路径分析——以珠江三角洲出口导向型家具产业为例

近年来,特别是2008年全球金融危机爆发以后,中国出口导向型制造业出现了由以出口为主转向出口和内销并进的发展趋势。然而现有文献较少关注市场转向对制造业企业产业升级的影响。基于全球生产网络的视角,以珠江三角洲出口导向型家具产业为例,通过以深度访谈为主的定性研究方法,探讨出口导向型制造业企业在出口转内销过程中的产业升级路径。结果显示：在与中国国内市场进行战略耦合（strategic coupling）的过程中,家具制造业企业分别通过网络式、企业内部协调式及市场型方式嵌入国内市场导向型的生产网络,并呈现出产业升级（upgrading）和降级（downgrading）等多元化路径。中国市场为家具制造业企业提供了产业升级特别是功能升级的机会,但小部分制造业企业也经历着产品降级的过程。研究市场转向中的产业升级对理解后危机时代新兴市场的崛起具有一定的理论意义;同时对理解在全球经济背景下中国出口导向型加工制造业转型具有实践意义。     

The Impact of Paper Versus Digital Map Technology on Students' Spatial Thinking Skill Acquisition

This study investigates whether spatial learning outcomes differ with respect to different instructional media. Spatial thinking skills were tested pre- and postlesson implementation via the spatial thinking ability test as eighth grade students participated in either paper-based or digital map-based instruction. Students' attitudes toward geography, past travel experience, and demographic variables such as gender, were also examined to search for differences in spatial thinking skill development. Results of the study reveal that both paper and digital media aid in developing and improving spatial thinking skill acquisition among students.     

中学生地理空间思维能力提高的影响因素——基于甘肃省白银市第一中学高一学生的实证研究

地理空间思维能力是人类认识地理环境的基本能力,也是学生的地理核心素养,其影响因素及作用机制是当前迫切需要解决的基础理论问题。本文初步假设一般智力水平、生活环境特征、地理学习兴趣、地图使用习惯、地理问题关注习惯、方向敏感程度、地理专业知识等7个因素为地理空间思维能力提高的影响因素。通过样本测试取得甘肃省白银市第一中学高一年级126个学生样本的地理空间思维能力及其假设的7个影响因素数据。借助SPSS 23.0软件,运用相关分析、独立样本T检验、单因素和多元线性回归分析等方法,证实一般智力水平、地理专业知识、地图使用习惯是学生地理空间思维能力提高的必要条件,地理学习兴趣是其重要条件,上述4个因素为地理空间思维能力提高的影响因素,其作用强度从大到小依次为：一般智力水平>地理专业知识>地图使用习惯>地理学习兴趣。其中一般智力水平和地理专业知识对地理空间思维能力有较强的预测作用。此外,还发现无论地理空间思维能力还是7个假设的影响因素,均未发现有显著的男女性别差异,说明上述规律具有性别普适性。     

对新型智慧城市三维模型“计算思维”的思考

新型智慧城市地理信息公共服务平台及三维模型建设,大多应用BIM、VR、AR,以及数字航空摄影测量、高分辨率卫星遥感、无人机摄影测量系统等技术,然而,这些感官成果缺少计算思维。在大数据时代的今天,人们对地理信息成果的要求不仅能"直观看到",还要具备基于计算思维满足智能需求的计算功能。应用倾斜摄影实景三维技术构建城市地理信息底层因满足了这一需求将备受关注。     

用战略研究成果指导基层气象台站人才建设

结合基层气象台站工作的实际,以《中国气象事业发展战略研究》为指导,分析了县级气象台站的队伍结构、提高人才素质的措施、人才培养和使用的注意事项与几点建议,希望对山西省基层气象台站实施人才战略具有一定的现实指导意义。     

Legend Layouts for Thematic Maps: A Case Study Integrating Usability Metrics with the Thinking Aloud Method

Abstract

The legend is a critical tool in reading and interpreting a thematic map. The goal of the study reported here is to understand how the legend works as a map is read. The methodology combined usability performance metrics with the thinking aloud method. Subjects were asked to perform two sets of tasks using two thematic maps with different legend layouts. While latency and accuracy of answers for the first set of tasks did not differ significantly between users of the different layouts, users clearly preferred legends that were simple or familiar. The thinking aloud protocols from the second part of the study revealed different patterns of legend comprehension for each legend design. In addition, the study identified four problem-solving strategies that were adopted by the subjects. Finally, some principles for designing legends were developed from the results of the study.     

The role of GIS in Digital Earth education

Abstract

A growing number of educators worldwide have become convinced that geotechnologies – including geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), and remote sensing – are key technologies to prepare students to be tomorrow's decision makers. Grappling with local, regional, and global issues of the 21^st century requires people who think spatially and who can use geotechnologies. Some educators teach geotechnologies as a discipline, emphasising skills. Other educators use geotechnologies as a tool to teach content, such as geography, history, environmental studies, Earth Science, biology, mathematics, economics and other disciplines. Issues such as traffic, population growth, urban sprawl, energy, water, crime, human health, biodiversity and sustainable agriculture are growing in complexity, exist at every scale and increasingly affect people's everyday lives. Each of these issues has a spatial component. Drivers for geotechnology education include educational content standards, constructivism, the school-to-career movement, active learning, citizenship education, authentic practice and assessment, interdisciplinary education, community connections and a sustained, increasing demand for GIS professionals. Digital Earth is an ideal framework for contextualising domains of inquiry. The Digital Earth community can have a significant impact on the growth of geotechnologies in education, and conversely, the growth of geotechnologies in education and society can foster the forward movement of Earth systems concepts.     

Geospatial Thinking and Spatial Ability: An Empirical Examination of Knowledge and Reasoning in Geographical Science

This study examined the relationships between geospatial thinking and spatial ability, focusing on knowledge and reasoning about fundamental concepts in geospatial science. Scores on a geospatial thinking test had low correlations with each other, compared to high correlations among scores on spatial ability tests, and the degrees of relationship between geospatial thinking and spatial ability depended on the type of geospatial thinking. Expert geospatial scientists did not outperform students on spatial ability tests, suggesting that expertise in geospatial science might not simply be explained by superiority in spatial ability. The results point to the necessity of targeted instruction for geospatial learning.     

人行为计算机仿真的一种方法

根据人工神经网络的基本原理和模拟人类大脑思维的过程,提出了一种神经网络模型和思维模型系统,用于人行为的计算机仿真.神经网络模型采用Sigmoid函数.思维模型系统由感知系统、推理机、知识库、存储单元、学习训练系统、决策系统以及行为输出系统7个部分组成.采用此系统模型对普通学生的工作日日常行为进行了计算机仿真实验.实验结果达到了预期的满意效果.