国内外战略性矿产厘定理论与方法

进入21世纪以来,矿产资源对人类社会的重要性在增强,矿产资源领域的博弈成为大国竞争的重要阵地,美国出台了危机矿产政策,欧盟出台了危机原材料政策.就战略性矿产问题,国内外学者开展了广泛深入的研究,目前存在两方面问题,一是多数相关研究往往过度重视清单厘定方法和清单中包含哪些矿种,忽视出台相关政策的背景、动因和采取的措施;二是将美国的危机矿产理解为关键矿产,错误判断了美国危机矿产的战略意图.针对这些问题,本文就国外战略性矿产的定位、定义、厘定过程、政策,我国矿产资源形势、我国战略性矿产厘定原则建议、我国战略性矿产厘定的思路建议,以及国内外战略性矿产厘定的共性及差异性,做一些个人的探讨,供矿产资源领域的研究者、管理者参考.     

关键矿产——国际动向与思考

当前,世界各国贸易争端不断加剧,引发对战略性新兴产业所需关键矿产供应安全的担忧,世界各主要国家纷纷制定关键矿产战略保障供应安全。文章通过综合整理美国、欧盟、英国等西方发达国家关键矿产清单,总结了这些国家关键矿产战略的总体特点。基于当前世界供需形势、中国矿产探明储量和资源禀赋特点等情况,文章将关键矿产划分为主导型、技术和条件制约型、市场制约型和资源短缺型4类,并从加强宏观管理、加大力度冶炼技术研发、高精尖新材料研发和充分利用2种资源和市场等方面提出几点思考。     

统筹黑龙江省土地利用分区与战略对策研究

采用文献资料法、统计分析法,基于1996年黑龙江省以地形、地貌自然条件为标准分区的土地利用现状详查结果,分析2004年末黑龙江省各地市的土地利用状况、土地资源分布的地域差异及社会经济发展情况。按照国家统筹区域发展战略决策和黑龙江省社会经济发展战略定位的要求,选取2004年末黑龙江省各地市主要用地类型面积比和地均社会经济产值、人口密度等11个指标,利用SPSS11.5的层次聚类计算并结合定性分析,将黑龙江省分为七大土地利用区,提出土地利用方向、战略对策与管制措施。     

战略新兴矿产调查工程进展与主要成果

随着我国经济社会发展和产业升级,钾盐、稀有金属、稀土金属、稀散金属、萤石、叶蜡石、脉石英、晶质石墨、硼等矿产在新一代信息技术、新能源汽车及高端装备制造等战略性新兴产业发展中发挥着越来越关键的作用,需求量也逐步攀升。“战略新兴矿产调查工程”(2019—2021)以查明重要矿种的资源潜力、取得找矿突破、助推形成大型资源基地为目标,以矿调为手段,开展全国重点地区大型资源基地和重要矿集区锂、钾、铍、铌钽、萤石、脉石英等矿种成矿规律和找矿方法的创新研究,同时开展矿产资源的综合利用研究,取得了一批重大找矿成果,丰富了成矿理论,创新了找矿方法。概要介绍了该工程在川东北锂钾找矿、川西稀有稀土金属矿产调查、新疆阿尔金稀有金属矿产调查、江西赣南—福建浦城地区萤石、硼资源、东部地区脉石英、叶蜡石特种非金属矿产找矿等方面取得的新进展;介绍了川东北、川西、阿尔金等主要成矿带稀有稀土矿产、萤石、脉石英等关键矿种成矿规律、勘查技术方法、绿色调查及综合利用等方面取得的成果,对进一步提高我国钾盐、锂矿、萤石、脉石英等战略性矿产资源保障程度和研究程度,促进新兴产业发展和我国战略性矿产后续调查评价具有重要意义。     

Ethics of large-scale change

Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 106(2): 131–144, 2006

The subject of this paper is long-term large-scale changes in human society. Some very significant examples of large-scale change are presented: human population growth, human appropriation of land and primary production, the human use of fossil fuels, and climate change. The question is posed, which kind of attitude is appropriate when dealing with large-scale changes like these from an ethical point of view. Three kinds of approaches are discussed: Aldo Leopold's mountain thinking, the neoclassical economists' approach, and finally the so-called Concentric Circle Theories approach. It is argued that the last of these three approaches must be preferred, even though further interpretation will be needed in relation to specific decision-making.     

Going To The Well

Book Reviewed in this article:

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY. Black Africa Develops. WILLIAM A. HANCE.

GEOGRAPHICAL PHILOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGY. Theoretical Problems of Geography. V. A. ANUCHIN. Roland J. Fuchs and George J. Dernko (eds.).

Fractals: Form, Chance, and Dimension. BENOIT B. MANDELBROT.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Geographical Variation in Coastal Development. J. L. DAVIES.

Geomorphology and Time. JOHN B. THORNES and DENNIS BRUNSDEN.

ENVIRONMENT AND MAN. Environmental Choice, Human Behavior, and Residential Satisfaction. WILLIAM MICHELSON.

Managing Canada's Renewable Resources. RALPH R. KRUECER and BRUCE MITCHELL (eds.).

Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: A Study in Cultural Ecology. KARL W. BUTZER

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. Human Geography: A Welfare Approach. DAVID M. SMITH.

Land Tenure and the Rural Exodus in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Peru. R. PAUL SHAW.

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY. Jerusalem: Bridging the Four Walls; A Geographical Perspective. SAUL B. COHEN.

Cargoes of the East: The Ports, Trade and Culture of the Arabian Seas and Western Indian Ocean. ESMOND BRADLEY MARTIN and CHRYSSEE PERRY MARTIN.

Everything In Its Place, Social Order and Land Use in America. CONSTANCE PERIN.

Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism. VALENE L. SMITH (ed.).

The Social Impact of the Telephone. ITHIEL de SOLA POOL (ed.).

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. Images of the Ohio Valley. JOHN A. JACKLE.

The John Henry County Map of Virginia, 1770. LOUIS B. WRIGHT.

URBAN GEOGRAPHY AND SETTLEMENT. Central Place Theory: A Reinterpretation. KEITH S. O. BEAVON.

City Systems in Advanced Economies; Past Growth, Present Processes and Future Development Options. ALLAN PRED.

Networks and Places: Social Relations in the Urban Setting. CLAUDE S. FISCHER, et al.

How Cities Work: An Introduction. BARRIE NEEDHAM.

Human Aspects of Urban Form: Towards a Man-Environment Approach to Urban Form and Design. AMOS RAPOPORT.

Colonial Urban Development: Culture, Social Power and Environment. ANTHONY D. KING.

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY. Agriculture in the Republic of Ireland. DESMONO A. GILLMOR.

Inferential Statistics For Geographers. G. B. NORCLIFFE.

REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNING. Zoning and Property Rights: An Analysis of the American System of Land Use Regulation. ROBERT H. NELSON.

Public Participation in Planning. W. R. D. SEWELL and J. T. COPPOCK (eds.).     

中国地理科学进展与展望——与美国地理学战略方向的比较(英文)

Understanding the Changing Planet: Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences(UCP),published by the National Research Council(USA),and its comments in The Professional Geographer propose that uppercase and plural "Geographical Sciences"(GS) is the strategic direction for geography in the next decade for better understanding of our rapidly changing planet. According to these comments,UCP valued technologies and tools excessively("task"),and did not pay much attention to methodology("discipline"). Actually,both"task" and "discipline" are geographical wings,especially in the time of "big science".Enlightenment from UCP and its comments is the strategic direction that should be balanced between "task" and "discipline",GS should be a three-dimensional construct of a disciplinary system,methodology,and technologies and tools,and this system should be scientific humanism based on scientific spirit and directed by humanism. During the last 60 years,Chinese geographers devoted themselves to GS,including practice and theory. Obviously progress and outlook are proposed as interdisciplinary GS,Earth Surface Sciences(ESS) and Geographical Construction(GC). The disciplinary system of GS is very complex,and is composed of such human knowledge domains as sciences,technologies,engineering,and philosophy. The main mission is to research the open,complex,and macro earth system(not only scientifically,but also humanistically),and one significant methodology is "comprehensive integration of qualitative and quantitative means"(CIQQM). At the same time,another changing direction in Chinese geography is Human-Economic Geography(HEG).     

气象部门基层财务内控管理之我见

针对气象部门存在财务与业务管理脱节、固定资产管理薄弱、制度不健全、人员综合素质偏低,财务风险意识不强、业务知识亟待提高等方面的问题进行分析,并提出解决途径的对策.     

张掖市面向幸福的水资源管理战略规划

颠倒了传统规划设定目标找途径的思路,从规划区实际情况出发,探索了一种通过回避发展过程中的陷阱,从而走上可持续发展道路的规划思路.首先以幸福为发展目标,辨晰了面向幸福的发展过程中存在的陷阱.然后,简要阐述了张掖市水资源管理的实践,从金张掖金在水上出发,在注意避免陷入发展陷阱的同时,分总量控制、水资源利用公平体系建设和提高...     

测绘科学中拓展性思维训练与创新能力的培养

在测绘人才的培养过程中,学生创新能力的培养不仅仅需要掌握知识,更迫切的是研究创新过程中的思维方法,促进学生思维方式的转变,培养科学的思维方法.拓展思维是对常规思维方法的拓展,包括对思维方武在深度与广度上进行拓展,与创思维方法具有密切的关系.本文剖析了拓展思维与测绘教育中学生创新能力的关系,同时针对学生创新能力培养中的拓...