Choice Modeler: A Web-based Spatial Multiple Criteria Evaluation Tool

This article presents a concept of a Web-based spatial multiple criteria evaluation tool for individual and group use called Choice Modeler (CM). CM was originally conceived as part of a larger Participatory Geographic Information System for Transportation project (PGIST; http://www.pgist.org ) aimed at developing and evaluating Internet-hosted capabilities to support participatory decision processes. CM is designed to be either a part of a larger information system such as PGIST or a standalone tool used for evaluation of decision variants. The decision support functions provided by CM aid in reducing the cognitive complexity of the decision space characterized by multiple decision options, evaluation criteria, and criterion weights. This is achieved by incorporating in CM the sensitivity analysis functions for the identification of criteria that do not influence the decision option ranking. Users can remove such criteria from further consideration and thus lessen the cognitive burden of evaluation, which may be essential in multi-stakeholder participatory decision processes. The additional capabilities of CM include a vote aggregation function to collate individual option rankings into a group ranking, and measures of agreement/disagreement to inform the participants about a group-derived desirability of specific decision options. The design of CM was implemented using Web-service architecture. In the article we describe the design of CM and discuss its advantages and limitations.     

不同期次浊积扇体地震沉积学研究——以车西洼陷缓坡带车40-44块沙三上亚段为例

以车西洼陷缓坡带车40-44块沙三上亚段为例,针对研究区浊积扇体"单期厚度难辨、纵向多期叠置,单个形态难识、横向顺势延展"的特点,在井震标定和分频解释共同确定的等时层序地层界限之内,以沉积相模式为指导,采用地震相分析与地层属性切片相结合的方法,对浊积扇体的横向展布形态和纵向演化规律进行描述和刻画,由此达到对不同期次浊积扇体进行精确识别和精细描述的目的。在研究过程中,主要形成以下几点认识:①Es₃1和Es₃4期次顶、底界限由井震结合标定,其等时性可利用分频解释技术确定;②根据地震相的分布位置及特点,发现浊积扇体均分布于同沉积断层下降盘,且"纵向叠置、横向迁移";③通过地层切片与均方根振幅属性相结合分析,刻画出不同期次浊积扇体横向上受地势影响、呈裙带状分布的规律,和纵向上自下而上扇体数量增多且连续性增强的变化规律。     

Non‐uniqueness and symmetry in stratigraphic interpretations: A quantitative approach for determining stratal controls

Different combinations of stratal controls could produce identical sequence architectures. Consequently, interpretations of the stratigraphic record, for example to infer palaeo‐climate and eustatic sea‐level history, suffer from non‐uniqueness. However, variations in the multiple controls can be encapsulated through discovery of all possible solutions to an interpretation. As this paper demonstrates, a single solution can be directly transformed into an alternative solution that leaves the expected geological outcomes unaltered, which can be regarded as the existence of symmetry in the interpretation. Repetitive application of the symmetry method can therefore allow additional solutions to be rapidly derived given an existing solution. The proposed method has been adapted to a stratigraphic forward model for interpreting the Baltimore Canyon (USA) stratigraphy. Modelling results have indicated the ranges of changes in relative sea‐level, sediment supply and subaerial erosion from Oligocene to Mid‐Miocene. Using these limits, it is possible to determine what appears to be true in the palaeo‐history, even when a solution is not unique.     

地震沉积学研究方法评析

笔者在前人研究的基础上,对地震沉积学的理论、研究现状和发展趋势进行了较为全面的阐述,并对地震沉积学的关键技术问题进行了较深入的讨论。地层切片是应用沿两个等时界面间等比例内插出的一系列层面进行沉积体系和沉积相平面展布研究的技术;90°相位转换(调整)使地震相位具有了岩性地层意义,可以用于高频层序地层的解释;基于不同频率地震资料反映的地质信息的不同,采用分频段解释的方法,可使地震结果的解释更加明确。由于受地震分辨率和解释手段的限制,地震沉积学的研究目前还存在诸多问题,但是作为一门新兴学科,它已成为隐蔽油气藏勘探的一个突破口。     

陆相裂陷盆地层序地层构成样式分析--以泌阳凹陷核三上段为例

层序地层源于被动大陆边缘盆地 ,如何将层序地层分析应用于陆相裂陷盆地是当前一个热点课题 ,近年来国内外对陆相裂陷盆地层序的研究取得了重要的成果。可容空间和沉积物供给沿着活动断层走向和倾向上的变化是控制陆相裂陷盆地层序发育样式的两个主要因素。在走向上 ,断块中部断层活动性最强 ,构造沉降最大 ,可容空间增加速率也最大 ,沉积物大多短源供给 ,以发育 型层序为主 ,向着断端 ,断层的活动性逐渐减弱 ,上盘下降和下盘上升速率相对减小 ,形成相对低地 ,是沉积物优先通过的场所 ,以 型层序发育为主。沿着倾向上 ,靠近断层的陡坡带断层活动性强 ,位移大 ,发育 型层序 ,向着远离正断层的缓坡带 ,构造活动性逐渐减弱 ,基底沉降减小 , 型层序样式发育。 型层序的下切谷和盆底扇以及斜坡扇是良好的储集体 ,具有良好的石油勘探前景