Strain localization due to structural in-homogeneities in the Central European Basin System

The large-scale crustal deformations observed in the Central European Basin System (CEBS) are the result of the interplay between several controlling factors, among which lateral rheological heterogeneities play a key role. We present a finite-element integral thin sheet model of stress and strain distribution within the CEBS. Unlike many previous models, this study is based on thermo-mechanical data to quantify the impact of lateral contrasts on the tectonic deformation. Elasto-plastic material behaviour is used for both the mantle and the crust, and the effects of the sedimentary fill are also investigated. The consistency of model results is ensured through comparisons with observed data. The results resemble the present-day dynamics and kinematics when: (1) a weak granite-like lower crust below the Elbe Fault System is modelled in contrast to a stronger lower crust in the area extending north of the Elbe Line throughout the Baltic region; and (2) a transition domain in the upper mantle is considered between the shallow mantle of the Variscan domain and the deep mantle beneath the East European Craton (EEC), extending from the Elbe Line in the south till the Tornquist Zone. The strain localizations observed along these structural contrasts strongly enhance the dominant role played by large structural domains in stiffening the propagation of tectonic deformation and in controlling the basin formation and the evolution in the CEBS.     

The ins and outs of skateboarding and transgression in public space in Newcastle,Australia

This study examines skateboarding as a transgressive activity in different inner Newcastle public spaces, highlighting the way certain places are constructed, and the values and meanings attached to them. Skateboarding has been sanctioned in some places, but is considered to be inappropriate in others, resulting in the implementation of skating restrictions in specific areas. Transgressive conduct is different from the norm and appears to be ‘out of place’. However, labels of ‘in’ and ‘out’ of place are too simplistic, because transgression is more nuanced and can simultaneously operate at multiple scales. Some skateboarding activities and locations are seen as more legitimate than others, and so a skater can be both ‘in place’ and ‘out of place’ at the same time. Problems and inconsistencies in the regulation of public space are revealed, because although skateboarding may be illegal in some places, the regulations are blunted by limited enforcement, justified by distinctions between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ skateboarding.     

乡村旅游社区景观空间演化研究

乡村旅游社区景观空间是在乡村旅游社区地域范围内,由于人类活动所产生的文化景观的总和。近年来,随着乡村旅游的快速发展,乡村旅游社区景观空间的演化受到人们的高度关注。本文将乡村旅游社区景观空间的演化置于演化经济地理研究框架内,认为其经历形成之前阶段、形成阶段、发展阶段和锁定或创新阶段四个阶段,每个阶段特征和演化机制各不相同。乡村旅游社区景观空间的演化是在遗传机制、变异机制等内因和选择机制、起点状态、关键事件等外因共同作用下,随着产业变迁而发生的具有路径依赖特征的演化过程。     

定水头注水引起的含水层水平运动和应变

基于含水层固体颗粒与孔隙水不可压缩的假设 ,本文导出了单井注水情况下泰斯承压含水层水平运动速度与水头之间的基本关系式。然后利用注水井壁处的应力、应变边界条件 ,进一步导出了单井定水头注水引起的泰斯承压含水层水平运动速度、位移和应变解析表达式。该水平位移与应变由两部分组成 :一部分为由注水压力本身引起的经典弹性力学解项 ,它仅随半径而变化 ,与注水时间无关 ;另一部分为由地下水头变化引起的水动力学位移和应变解项。其中 ,含水层水动力学水平位移随时间加长呈指数增长特征 ,水动力学径向应变则表现为近井处拉张、远井处挤压的分区特征 ,且近井拉张区随时间加长逐渐向外扩展。单井注水含水层水动力学水平位移、应变解的导出 ,完善和发展了单孔内压经典弹性平面力学问题解     

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黄土滑坡临滑预报的应变控制方法

我国西北部地区黄土沉积巨厚，地质构造复杂，土体强度低，水敏感性强，各种类型的黄土滑坡广泛分布。黄土滑坡具有滑动规模大、滑动速度快、灾害损失严重等特点。黄土滑坡滑动时间预报，特别是临滑预报在地质灾害防治领域具重要意义。根据黄土力学性质试验与典型黄土滑坡变形分析研究结果，在对比分析黄土剪切应变特性与滑坡滑动破坏机制的基础上，论文提出了一种黄土滑坡临滑预报的应变控制方法。建立了中、浅层与厚层黄土滑坡的应变破坏标准。经多处滑坡实例验证，结果基本合理，可应用于黄土滑坡临滑预报。     

地铁行车荷载作用下淤泥质黏土累积特性的试验研究

中国上海地区地铁隧道一般位于第④层淤泥质黏土层中,在地铁行车荷载作用下隧道周围土体变形引起隧道轴线沉降,有些区段隧道轴线沉降量已超过20cm,引起了一系列环境地质问题.本文以上海第④层原状淤泥质黏土为研究对象,通过室内循环三轴试验,模拟地铁运营过程中产生的振动荷载,研究荷载作用下上海淤泥质黏土的累积应变、孔隙水压力及再...     

Strange quark matter attached to string cloud in Bianchi type-III space time

We have obtained Bianchi type-III cosmological model with strange quark matter attached to the string cloud in general relativity. For solving the Einstein’s field equations the relation [C=A ⁿ ] between metric coefficients C and A is used. Also, some physical and kinematic properties of the model are discussed.The results are analogous to results obtained by Yilmaz (Gen. Rel. Grav. 38:1397–1406, 2006).     

A new algorithm for distance cartogram construction

A distance cartogram is a diagram that visualizes the proximity indices between points in a network, such as time–distances between cities. The Euclidean distances between the points on the distance cartogram represent the given proximity indices. This is a useful visualization tool for the level of service of transport, e.g. difference in the level of service between regions or points in a network and its improvement in the course of time. The two previously proposed methods—multidimensional scaling (MDS) and network time–space mapping—have certain advantages and disadvantages. However, we observe that these methods are essentially the same, and the merits of both these methods can be combined to formulate a generalized solution. In this study, we first formulate the time–space mapping problem, which includes the key features of both of the above stated methods, and propose a generalized solution. We then apply this solution to the time–distances of Japan's railway networks to confirm its applicability.     

汶川地震前后川滇块体应变与断裂变形特征研究

利用1999—2007和2007—2009年GPS资料,采用块体变形模型和GPS速度剖面研究了川滇地区的分阶段变形特征,结果显示川西北-滇中-滇西南块体主压应变率方向由北向南呈顺时针方向旋转;安宁河断裂、则木河断裂存在剪切应变积累,小江断裂南段以走滑为主、北段以应变积累为主;汶川地震对丽江-小金河断裂中南段、安宁河断裂和金沙江断裂有一定影响,对则木河断裂、小江断裂和红河断裂的影响较小。