高光谱红外传感器在轨光谱定标

高光谱红外传感器高精度在轨光谱定标是红外遥感定量反演及应用的重要前提.本文针对大气红外探测仪AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)的观测数据,分析传感器等效入瞳亮温与大气透过率光谱中的吸收线特征,基于NODD和包络线去除的光谱归一化处理,融合多种光谱匹配算法构建非线性代价函数,提出了一种...     

Derivation and verification of empirical catchment response time equations for medium to large catchments in South Africa

Despite uncertainties and errors in measurement, observed peak discharges are the best estimate of the true peak discharge from a catchment. However, in ungauged catchments, the catchment response time is a fundamental input to all methods of estimating peak discharges; hence, errors in estimated catchment response time directly impact on estimated peak discharges. In South Africa, this is particularly the case in ungauged medium to large catchments where practitioners are limited to use empirical methods that were calibrated on small catchments not located in South Africa. The time to peak (T_P), time of concentration (T_C) and lag time (T_L) are internationally the most frequently used catchment response time parameters and are normally estimated using either hydraulic or empirical methods. Almost 95% of all the time parameter estimation methods developed internationally are empirically based. This paper presents the derivation and verification of empirical T_P equations in a pilot scale study using 74 catchments located in four climatologically different regions of South Africa, with catchment areas ranging from 20 km² to 35 000 km². The objective is to develop unique relationships between observed T_P values and key climatological and geomorphological catchment predictor variables in order to estimate catchment T_P values at ungauged catchments. The results show that the derived empirical T_P equation(s) meet the requirement of consistency and ease of application. Independent verification tests confirmed the consistency, while the statistically significant independent predictor variables included in the regressions provide a good estimation of catchment response times and are also easy to determine by practitioners when required for future applications in ungauged catchments. It is recommended that the methodology used in this study should be expanded to other catchments to enable the development of a regional approach to improve estimation of time parameters on a national‐scale. However, such a national‐scale application would not only increase the confidence in using the suggested methodology and equation(s) in South Africa, but also highlights that a similar approach could be adopted internationally. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用模糊数学方法对地质变量排序

依据模糊等价关系分类的原理,提出地质变量之间的相关关系;利用模糊模式识别方法,对变量进行排序。     

盐田水域多纹膝沟藻赤潮发生过程的生态学研究

本文报道1991年5月5—6日在广东大鹏湾盐田附近水域发生的多纹膝沟藻Gonyaulax polygramma赤潮。对多纹膝沟藻样品进行扫描电镜观察,阐述了赤潮发生过程中本种的数量变动。利用该次调查和1990年同期资料进行逐步回归分析,探讨多纹膝沟藻赤潮发生与环境因子的关系。     

秦皇岛气象因素对儿童下呼吸道疾病就诊人数影响及预测研究

呼吸系统疾病对儿童的身体健康有极大影响,其发生与气象条件有密切关系。为探讨秦皇岛地区气象条件对儿童下呼吸道疾病的影响,预测就诊人数,为医疗气象服务提供新方法,利用秦皇岛地区2015-2016年儿童下呼吸道疾病就诊人数资料和同期气象资料,分别使用逐步回归分析和BP人工神经网络建立儿童下呼吸道疾病就诊人数预测模型,并对预测效果进行评价。结果表明,气象条件对儿童下呼吸道疾病的发生有显著影响,特别是阶段性天气变化与气候异常对就诊人数影响较大。就诊人数与气温及平均相对湿度呈负相关关系,与气压、风速及前72 h气温变幅呈正相关关系,与气温相关性最好,与气压、平均相对湿度相关性次之。逐步回归法与BP人工神经网络模型的预测准确率分别为72.75%、76.30%。2种预测模型中,BP人工神经网络模型的整体表现更为出色。     

Quantifying TiO_2 Abundance of Lunar Soils:Partial Least Squares and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis for Determining Causal Effect

Partial least squares(PLS) regression was applied to the Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium(LSCC) dataset for spectral estimation of TiO2.The LSCC dataset was split into a number of subsets including the low-Ti,high-Ti,total mare soils,total highland,Apollo 16,and Apollo 14 soils to investigate the effects of interfering minerals and nonlinearity on the PLS performance.The PLS weight loading vectors were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression analysis(SMRA) to identify mineral species driving and...     

柴北缘锡铁山榴辉岩退变质成因角闪石40Ar/39Ar年代学研究

采用激光阶段加热⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar技术,对柴达木盆地北缘锡铁山榴辉岩退变质作用形成的榴闪岩和斜长角闪岩之角闪石进行了定年分析。09NQ44Amp来自榴闪岩,各阶段表观年龄(以现代空气氩⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值295.5扣除非放射性成因⁴⁰Ar)构成了单调下降的阶梯状年龄谱。在反等时线图解上,2~4阶段数据点和5~18阶段数据点分别构成了两条等时线,等时年龄分别为427.6±10Ma和425.1±2.6Ma,对应的初始⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值则分别为435.2±6.1和705.3±13。角闪石09NQ43Amp来自榴辉岩强烈退变质作用形成的斜长角闪岩,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar阶段加热分析也获得单调下降的年龄谱,在反等时线图解上其数据点3~6阶段和7~16阶段分别构成了两条等时线,等时年龄分别为418.9±2.9Ma和418.1±2.1Ma,对应的初始⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值则分别为493.7±2.8和685.8±34.3。等时线截距值高于现代大气⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值,表明角闪石中含过剩⁴⁰Ar。同时,由低温和中-高温阶段加热数据点分别构成两条等时年龄基本一致,截距值却明显不同的等时线,表明在角闪石热力学性质不同的源区,存在两期明显不同且未混合的初始捕获Ar组分。等时年龄425~418Ma代表的是锡铁山榴辉岩角闪岩相退变质作用发生的时间。等时线图解法虽然有效的校正了角闪石中的过剩⁴⁰Ar,但仅根据表观年龄图谱和等时线图谱还无法清晰判断过剩⁴⁰Ar在角闪石中的赋存状态,有待进一步探讨。     

基于逐步判别分析的砂土液化预测研究

为高效地进行砂土液化的预测,运用逐步判别法,从8个液化影响因子中选择平均粒径、烈度、震中距等3个判别能力显著的影响因子,建立判别函数,并利用工程实例进行验证。研究结果表明：逐步判别分析模型预测性能良好,且能有效地选择对砂土液化起主导作用的因子。相比距离判别分析,逐步判别分析建立的判别函数更加稳定,且所需测试因子较少,节省了因试验和现场调查所耗费的大量人力、物力和时间,因此逐步判别分析是一种值得推广的砂土液化预测方法。     

柳林地区煤层渗透率逐步回归分析与预测

渗透率是制约煤层气商业化开发至关重要的因素之一。以柳林地区煤层气勘探阶段获取的试井有效渗透率为基础,分析渗透率与有效应力、储层压力、煤层埋深等影响因素之间的关系,利用多元逐步回归分析方法建立渗透率预测模型。结果显示:柳林地区煤层渗透率回归方程具有较高的拟合度;多元逐步回归分析方法预测渗透率具有一定合理性;有利于煤层气开发的高渗区位于柳林地区中北部。      

矿井涌水水源判别的GRA-SDA耦合模型

选取矿井涌水水源判别中常用的灰色关联分析和逐步判别分析作为基础模型,分析了两者的优缺点及单独使用中存在的问题,提出耦合判别思路,设计了GRA-SDA耦合式水源判别模型。利用某矿区实际样本数据,选取Na++K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-共6组离子以及矿化度作为判别因子,对该模型进行实例验证。分析表明,该模型判别结果与实际情况吻合较好,与单独使用一种分析方法相比较,有效地提高了水源判别正确率。