基于LiDAR点云自动生成等高线的方法研究

在地形图测绘中,等高线的获取有多种手段,但其方法都较为传统,费时费力,精度也不尽如人意。随着机载激光LiDAR的出现,利用其高精度的点云数据快速获取等高线是一种很好的途径。本研究利用机载LiDAR系统采集的点云数据,通过对点云数据处理,分别使用Global Mapper,GeoTIN,JX-4C,Tindem,VirtuoZo和TerraS-can等六种软件生成等高线,通过分析、比较,找出最为科学、合理的方法。结果表明,在采用Tindem生成等高线时,设置合适的参数,就能生成符合地形要求、质量最佳的等高线。     

全站仪对GPS基线边长的检验

如今,GPS测绘技术发展日趋成熟,GPS的使用越来越普及。对GPS的测量成果,很多测绘工程人员常常简单地用全站仪比测来检验GPS成果,这种简单的对比方法并不能完全检验出GPS的精度。全站仪所提供的距离通常是平距或斜距,而GPS静态解算或动态测量中提供的坐标通常是经投影变形后的坐标。笔者就全站仪对GPS基线边长检验的理论、方法及所要注意的问题进行探讨。     

Recent Ostracoda from Port Pegasus,Stewart Island,New Zealand

Sixty‐one species are listed from 19 stations in the Port Pegasus area of Stewart Island, New Zealand. A chart showing bottom sediment characteristics for all samples is included. Because of the sparseness of the sampling stations no attempt was made to evaluate ostracod distribution in terms of depth zonations or assemblages. It is hoped, however, that the information presented will aid in the interpretation of the broader provincial aspect of ostracod distribution. This paper is the first to present scanning electron micrographs to illustrate a New Zealand ostracod fauna.     

Effect of embedment on the vertical capacity of bucket foundation in loose saturated sand: Physical modeling

ABSTRACT

Bucket foundations have been widely used for a variety of offshore applications. The effects of skirt length on ultimate bearing capacity of bucket foundation have been studied and reported in published scientific papers. However, few studies have addressed the behavior of bucket foundations in loose saturated sand. In this paper, a series of experimental investigations were performed to determine the bearing capacity of bucket foundation under uniaxial loading. The experiments were conducted on small-scale foundations under vertical loading in loose saturated sand. It was found that increasing the skirt length would enhance the bearing capacity of bucket foundation. As reflected in the present study, bearing strength might be enhanced more than 5 times in loose saturated sand in comparison to surface footing with equivalent diameter. Based on the experimental investigation, a depth factor was proposed to approximate bearing capacity of bucket foundations in terms of those for surface footing and embedment ratio. Moreover, the corresponding settlement of foundation at the failure load was found to increase with skirt length.     

The effects of a minimal length on the Kerr metric

The effects of a minimal length on the Kerr metric are studied within the pseudo-complex General Relativity (pcGR), which has a minimal length parameter and also depends on a $r$-dependent metric, allowing for the accumulation of dark energy around a star. The relevant parameters are the rotational Kerr parameter $a$, the mass of a black hole, and a parameter measuring the amount of dark energy accumulated. It is found that the metric is modified by a factor, depending on $r$, resulting in a maximal acceleration. This factor shows several singularities. For small black holes, the corresponding effective potentials exhibit potential barriers, avoiding the increase of the black hole's mass. It is found that the effects of a minimal length are only of importance for very small mass black holes and vanish for macroscopic black holes.     

Comparison of irregular variations in the Earth’s rotation rate and parameters of geophysical and atmospheric processes with events on the sun

A study of the Earth’s rotation in space reveals a complex pattern of variations in its orientation, the excitation mechanisms of these variations, and their manifestations in various natural processes. The Earth’s rotation rate is not constant but exhibits complex fluctuations that account for some fraction of 10⁸ (corresponding to variations of several milliseconds (ms) in the length of the day). These variations span a wide spectrum of time scales, from hours to centuries or longer, reflecting the fact that they are produced by a wide variety of geophysical and astronomical processes. We discuss the results of our statistical comparison of long series of observations to reveal the most coherent variations. The spectral composition of the experimental time series has been determined using modified periodogram and single-channel autoregression methods. A comparative analysis has been performed by a two-channel autoregression spectral estimation method. The results of our comparison of the time series suggest that the fluctuations with periods of about 73 years are highly coherent.     

一种提高短基线测量精度的方法

提出一种提高短基线相对精度的测定方法。 试验表明，在测角误差影响等同或小于测距误差影响的情况下，该方法能使短基线的相对精度提高4~6倍。     

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROPPING SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR AGRICULTURE IN CHINA

Based on the analyses on amplitudes of historical variation of temperature and precipitation inthe past 500 years and latest 100 years,according to the regional climate change scenarios forChina estimated by composite GCM,the potential impacts of climate change on cropping systemsin China in future are simulated and assessed using the cropping system model developmentspecially for the Chinese cropping patterns.It is shown that under the projected future climatechange by 2050 the most parts of the present double cropping area would be replaced by thedifferent triple cropping patterns while the current double cropping area would shift towards thecentral part of the present single cropping area.More explicitly,the northern boundary of triplecropping area would shift from its current border at the Changjing River to the Huanghe River,ashift of more than 5 degrees of latitude.And the shift of multiple cropping areas leads to asignificant decrease of single cropping area.Furthermore,considering the changes mentioned above in combination with the likely negativebalance of precipitation and evapotranspiration and,therefore,increase of moisture stress(i.e.less water availability),as well as the possible increase of heat stress disaster and decrease of LGS(length of growing season),the potential implication of climate change for agriculture in China arealso analyzed roughly in this paper.As a result,however,it is still very difficult to reach a specific conclusion that the futureclimate change will he favorable or unfavorable to farm in China because of the complicated Chinesefarming patterns,the complex-various social and economic environment of agriculturaldevelopment and,especially,a great scientific uncertainties in the investigation/prediction ofclimate change.     

Simultaneous inversion of velocity distribution and interface positions

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