河床冲刷粗化的随机模拟

对冲刷与粗化的相互作用机制进行了分析,并在非均匀沙床面暴露度的随机分布特性、流速分布及起动规律研究的基础上,提出了河床冲刷粗化的随机模型。该模型能同时对河床冲刷深度及粗化稳定级配进行计算。由实验及野外实测资料的验证表明,计算结果与实测值基本相符。     

求解潜水含水层剖面二维稳定流问题探讨

本文在对现有求解潜水含水层剖面二维流的多种方法及其特点进行分析的基础上,探讨新的求解方法.提出的方法只需进行一次网格剖分,在网格节点编号保持不变的情况下,把潜水面与单元相交的形状概化为五边形、任意四边形和三角形,按五边形、任意四边形和三角形子程序准确地求出潜水面穿越的单元的渗透矩阵.同时不用计算完全在潜水面之上的单元的渗透矩阵.本文给出具体的思路、算法步骤,计算潜水面的位置,通过比较数值解与解析解,两者虽然存在一定的误差,但是该方法总体结果是比较令人满意的.     

用于振荡水柱波能系统的径流式空气透平数值模拟研究

径流式空气透平是振荡水柱式波能发电系统的二级能量转换装置,因其具有结构简单、输出扭矩大、轴向推力小的优势,得到了越来越多的关注。采用计算流体力学软件Ansys-Fluent 12.0,通过数值模拟方法考察了不同转子叶片稠度对径流式空气透平定常无量纲评价参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:虽然径流式透平可在双向气流下实现单向旋转,但当气流通过方向不同时,透平的定常工作性能存在明显差异,这与传统轴流式透平完全不同;此外,稠度对透平效率的影响在不同流量系数范围内也不同。因此,综合考虑气流流向、透平整个工作范围内输出效率,推荐采用的转子叶片稠度为2.34。     

九甸峡堆石料三轴蠕变试验初探

堆石料蠕变变形,是高土石坝设计中关注的主要问题之一,目前尚未很好解决。针对当前高土石坝的需要,采用大型高压三轴蠕变仪进行了堆石蠕变试验。通过试验,对堆石的三轴蠕变试验方法进行论述,并对堆石三轴蠕变试验中的蠕变时间起点、蠕变变形稳定标准进行了讨论,同时建议了三轴蠕变试验中蠕变时间起点和蠕变稳定的参考标准。试验结果表明,堆石的蠕变变形与围压及应力水平有关,特别在高围压、高应力水平作用下,蠕变稳定明显缓慢;在双对数坐标下,蠕变变形与时间呈较好的线性关系,且不同应力状态下的堆石蠕变规律基本相似。     

水下非均匀拖缆稳态动力学分析

水下拖缆物理参数不均匀会影响拖缆的动力特性,研究非均匀拖缆的参数变化对拖缆动力特性的影响有一定的工程实际意义。建立了拖曳系统运动的三维数学模型,推导出了水下非均匀拖缆的稳态运动控制方程,在首尾两端加上相应的定解条件,直接求得或使用嵌套二分法求得非均匀拖缆在端点的初始值,进而求解稳态动力学方程。借助文献中的拖缆—海底拖车系统算例,通过计算结果的对比,验证了数学模型及计算方法的正确性。通过四阶龙格库塔法进行数值仿真计算,得到了稳态解,分析了非均匀拖缆自身物理参数变化对缆绳系统稳态运动的影响。结果表明,非均匀拖缆的切向阻力系数、法向阻力系数、直径和密度变化会影响稳态缆形和张力分布,影响的程度各不相同。最后给出了两个尾拖船系统非均匀拖缆的稳态运动算例。     

Characterizing infiltration and internal drainage of South African dryland soils

Surface infiltration and internal drainage properties of five soil types from arid drylands of South Africa were studied under double ring infiltrometer, rainfall simulation plots (1 m²) and instantaneous drainage plots (9 m²). Changes in soil water content during 40 minute rainfall simulation for a rainstorm with average intensity of 1.61 mm min^?1 and 30 day drainage period were measured at various depths by 1.5 m long capacitance soil water measuring (DFM) probe. Different (P < 0.05) mean surface steady infiltration rate ranged from 0.05 to 4.47 mm min^?1 and had a negative power relationship (R ² = 0.65) with horizon clay plus fine silt content. Power regression (R ² ≥ 86%) described rainstorm infiltration and obtained steady rates within an average time of 15 minutes. Mean total infiltrated soil water content was lowest (P < 0.05) from surface horizons with either 47.7% clay plus fine silt content or bulk density of 1.91 g cm^?3 and exchangeable sodium of not less than 44 mg kg^?1. Surface horizons with lower surface bulk density and total sand fraction of more than 72% had infiltrated depth and mean total infiltrated soil water content up to 40 cm deeper and 0.55 mm mm^?1 greater, respectively. Drainage rate at drained upper limit calculated from the Wilcox drainage model (R ² ≤ 0.97%) was 0.2 mm day^?1 or less were from underlying horizons with either clay plus fine silt of 45% or soft calcium carbonate. Higher drainage rate with accumulative drainage amount greater than 60 mm were from soil profile horizons with clay plus fine silt content of less than 20% and above unity steady infiltration rates. Rainstorm infiltration and drainage rates was shown to depend on permeability and coarseness of the respective soil surface and subsurface horizons; a phenomenon critical for harnessing rain and flood water to recharge groundwater. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

稳定流场中饱和均质土壤盐分迁移的传递函数解

通过对淹灌条件下砂质壤土的盐水入渗试验,以传递函数模型作为数学模拟的工具,探讨了对流占优运移机制下土壤盐分的迁移特征,得到了盐分在45cm土层的迁移时间概率分布函数与迁移时间概率密度函数及土壤盐分平均孔隙流速和水动力弥散系数,进行了盐分出流过程的数学模拟,同时对描述稳定流场中土壤盐分对流迁移特征的有关参量进行了初步分析。     

Physical Modeling and Parametric Study on Two-Degree-of-Freedom VIV of A Cylinder near Rigid Wall

Unlike most previous studies on the transverse vortex-induced vibration(VIV) of a cylinder mainly under the wallfree condition (Williamson & Govardhan,2004),this paper experimentally investigates the vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder with two degrees of freedom near a rigid wall exposed to steady flow.The amplitude and frequency responses of the cylinder are discussed.The lee wake flow patterns of the cylinder undergoing VIV were visualized by employing the hydrogen bubble technique.The effects of the gap-to-diameter ratio (e0/D) and the mass ratio on the vibration amplitude and frequency are analyzed.Comparisons of VIV response of the cylinder are made between one degree (only transverse) and two degrees of freedom (streamwise and transverse) and those between the present study and previous ones.The experimental observation indicates that there are two types of streamwise vibration,i.e.the first streamwise vibration (FSV) with small amplitude and the second streamwise vibration (SSV) which coexists with transverse vibration.The vortex shedding pattem for the FSV is approximately symmetric and that for the SSV is alternate.The first streamwise vibration tends to disappear with the decrease of e0/D.For the case of large gap-to-diameter ratios (e.g.e0/D = 0.54～1.58),the maximum amplitudes of the second streamwise vibration and transverse one increase with the increasing gapto-diameter ratio.But for the case of small gap-to-diameter ratios (e.g.e0/D = 0.16,0.23),the vibration amplitude of the cylinder increases slowly at the initial stage (i.e.at small reduced velocity V,),and across the maximum amplitude it decreases quickly at the last stage (i.e.at large Vr).Within the range ofthe examined small mass ratio (m＜4),both streamwise and transverse vibration amplitude of the cylinder decrease with the increase of mass ratio for the fixed value of V,.The vibration range (in terms of Vr ) tends to widen with the decrease of the mass ratio.In the second streamwise vibration region,the vibration frequency of the cylinder with a small mass ratio (e.g.mx = 1.44) undergoes a jump at a certain Vr,.The maximum amplitudes of the transverse vibration for two-degree-of-freedom case is larger than that for one-degree-of-freedom case,but the transverse vibration frequency of the cylinder with two degrees of freedom is lower than that with one degree of freedom (transverse).     

背景流场对台风风暴潮数值预报的影响研究

选取了3个穿过台湾海峡的台风引起的台风风暴潮为算例,分别用SODA月平均流速资料做垂向平均后构建了台湾周边海域的大尺度背景环流场,利用国家海洋环境预报中心业务化的台风风暴潮模式对经过该海域的台风个例进行风暴潮数值模拟。将结果与验潮站潮位实测资料进行对比发现,在加入了背景流场后,能更好地模拟整个风暴潮过程,模拟结果更接近真实值,特别是对于原模式风暴增水峰值容易偏大的问题得到了改善,而且整体相对误差更小,提高了风暴潮模式的业务稳定性。     

单孔稳定抽水试验水位恢复资料确定含水层参数

将抽水试验水位恢复过程看成是抽水和等量注水两个相反过程的叠加 ,并根据势函数叠加原理 ,从理论上导出了利用单孔稳定抽水试验水位恢复资料求解含水层参数的新公式 ,包括导水系数(T)、渗透系数 (K )、贮水系数 (S)及重力给水系数 ( μ)等。同时还导出了相对于某一稳定降深下影响半径的计算公式。该方法充分利用了单孔抽水试验的水位恢复资料。通过对几个实例进行验算 ,并与经验法计算结果作了比较 ,效果很好