沂源县田庄水库农业面源氮素淋滤行为研究

受农业面源影响,典型山区水库-田庄水库氮素超标,通过模拟土壤在不同降雨强度与不同降雨类型下的淋滤行为,探讨氮素淋溶释放规律,并对田庄水库农业面源氮素入库量进行了计算。结果表明,降雨类型和降雨强度只影响土壤中氨氮峰值浓度出现的时间,对其数值影响不大,由于土壤中硝氮含量较高,使降雨强度和类型对其淋出液中的硝氮峰值浓度产生的时间和数值都有所影响;农业面源氮污染通过田庄水库四条入库河流年均排入水库中的硝氮总量高达604．49t,氨氮为23．85t。     

北斗静态定位实验与精度分析

通过实际测试,将北斗和GPS进行对比,了解北斗静态定位的实际定位精度情况。按照E级网测试的结果表明,北斗和GPS定位的平面点位平均中误差分别为2．51mm和0．75mm,证明北斗系统和GPS的平面定位精度基本在同一量级上,能够满足静态定位测量的需要。     

整数模糊度参数的快速检索算法

ＧＰＳ快速定位中,由于模糊度参数之间的强相关性,模糊度参数置信区间定义的检索区域比相应的置信椭球大得多。本文通过模糊度参数向量的正交变换,定义出包含模糊度参数置信椭球的最小正交多面体,借助在其中构造的均匀正交网格点,找出置信椭球中的所有整数模糊度参数向量。该方法显著地减少了整数模糊度参数的检索范围,提高了计算效率。     

精密单点定位解算结果可靠性评估方法研究

针对精密单点定位解算结果质量评估方法的单一性,提出了对精密单点定位解算结果进行可靠性评估并总结了三种可靠性评估方法,利用实测数据根据三种评估方法分别从静态和动态定位两方面对精密单点定位解算结果的可靠性进行了评估,验证了其解算结果的可靠性,并提出了提高精密单点定位解算结果可靠性的措施。     

结合MST划分和RHMRF-FCM算法的高分辨率遥感图像分割

针对基于像素的HMRF-FCM算法抗噪性差以及对地物复杂边界分割精度低的问题,提出一种结合形状信息的静态MST区域划分和RHMRF-FCM算法的高分辨率遥感图像分割方法。该方法定义一种静态MST同质区域划分准则,借助MST能较好表达边界和形状信息、能较好抑制几何噪声的特点,解决地物复杂边界的表达和降低分割结果中几何噪声问题。首先,利用MST静态划分将图像域划分成若干个均质区域,假设每个均质区域内光谱测度服从独立同一的多元高斯分布。然后,在此基础上构建了区域隐马尔可夫随机场模型,以及建立基于信息熵和KL信息正则化项的模糊聚类目标函数。最后,采用偏微分方法对分割模型参数进行求解,从而得到全局最优分割结果。为验证本文方法,对WorldView-3高分遥感图像进行分割试验。定性、定量分析了尺度参数、光谱相似性参数和区域紧致度参数对最优分割结果的影响,并对比分析本文算法和eCognition软件中的多分辨率分割算法、分水岭算法。     

桥梁健康监测与评估中的静力水准技术研究

近年来,我国的桥梁建设事业发展迅速,在桥梁数量大幅增加的同时,其安全形势却较为严峻,因此,越来越多的人开始重视桥梁运营的安全性及耐久性.桥梁健康监测技术通过对桥梁结构的监控及评估,在桥梁运营状况发生异常时发出预警,能够为桥梁的维护及管理提供科学的指导和依据.而静力水准监测技术与传统的光学水准监测技术相比,具有实时性、高...     

单级等速加载下高压缩性软土非线性大应变固结解析解EI北大核心CSCD

饱和软土大应变固结理论涉及复杂的材料非线性和几何非线性问题,致使其解析解很难获得,但非线性大应变固结模型解析解的工程意义却不言而喻。目前土体非线性压缩和渗透特性通常采用e-1gσ’和e-1gkv(e为孔隙比,σ’为有效应力,kv为渗透系数)非线性关系描述。但大量室内固结渗透试验的结果表明,高压缩性软土发生较大应变时该非线性关系不再适用,而1g(1+e)-1gσ’和1g(1+e)-1gkv非线性关系却能有效描述高压缩性软土的有效应力、渗透系数与孔隙比间的非线性变化规律。基于此,建立了变荷载下高压缩性软土一维非线性大应变固结模型,并给出特定参数下该固结模型的精确解析解和普适条件下固结模型的近似解析解。将应用固结模型计算的沉降曲线与室内等速加载下的试验沉降曲线对比,验证了该解析理论的可靠性。在此基础上,通过大量的计算研究参数Ic和α、外荷载和加荷速率对固结性状的影响。结果表明:压缩指数Ic一定时,α越小,土层的固结速率越快,底部超静孔压消散越快;α一定时,Ic越小,土层的固结速率越快,底部超静孔压消散越快。按沉降定义的平均固结度Ust一般大于按孔压定义的平均固结度Upt,即沉降的发展速率要快于孔压消散速率。Ic(α-2)>1时,土层的沉降速率随外荷载的增加而减慢;Ic(α-2)<1时,土层的沉降速率随外荷载的增加而加快;Ic(α-2)=1时,土层的沉降速率与外荷载的大小无关。外荷载一定时,土层的平均固结速率随加荷速率增大而加快,同一深度处的超静孔压随加载速率增大而减小。     

Cyclic strength and deformation of crushable carbonate sand

Cyclic triaxial tests have been carried out on a skeletal carbonate sand from the west coast of Eire. Results are presented for undrained cyclic shear tests on samples with 80% of relative density consolidated under both isotropic and anisotropic conditions. Failure was defined as a 5% double amplitude cyclic strain and a 5% peak axial strain for stress-reversal and non-reversal stress conditions, respectively. Using this definition the cyclic strength for isotropically consolidated samples was affected by the confining pressure although the angular platey nature of the sand resulted in higher cyclic strengths than for a comparable silica sand. For anisotropically consolidated samples the cyclic strength increased with increasing initial static shear stress while on the other hand the cyclic strength normalised in the usual way with respect to the initial confining pressure decreased as this pressure increased.     

三江源区域GPS数据处理的探讨

通过实测数据处理,证实了现行规范的局限性,明确了长基线时GPS数据处理的尺度和方法,也为外业技术人员在使用随机软件时开阔了思路。     

Nontectonic signals in reprocessed continuous GPS position time series of CMONOC

The nearly nine-year continuous GPS data collected since 1 March 1999 from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC) were consistently analyzed. Most of the nonlinear movements in the cumulative position time series produced by CMONOC data center disappeared; and more accurate vertical terms and tectonic signals were extracted. Displacements caused by atmospheric pressure loading, nontidal ocean loading, soil moisture mass loading, and snow cover mass loading using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis I/II models and Estimation of the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) data can explain most of the vertical annual terms at many stations, while only parts can be explained at Lhasa and southern coastal sites, indicating that there are some deformation mechanisms that are still unknown or not modeled accurately. The remarkable differences in vertical position time series for short-baseline sites reveal that GPS stations can be greatly affected by local factors; and attention should be paid when explaining observed GPS velocity vectors.