论相对点位精度的合理评定

按现行方法求得的相对点位精度由于未顾及起始数据误差的影响 ,且非实际所需评定的相对点位精度 ,因此并不客观、可靠。本文所提出的协方差基准的概念 ,用来定义相对点位精度和绝对点位精度有其客观性和实用性 ,协方差基准作为控制网点精度的参考基准 ,并不重合于网点坐标的参考基准—坐标基准 ,而可按应用的需要 ,方便地进行协方差基准转换。本文提出了合理评定相对点位精度的新方法 ,并用高精度工程控制网的实测数据进行了分析验证     

中国国界线画法标准样图数字化成果简介

《1:100万中国国界线画法标准样图》(简称“标准样图”)是经过多年辛勤工作而精心编制的,具有权威性的国界画法标准样图。它是编绘和审查1:100万或更小比例尺地图上国界线画法的基础和依据。为了更好地保存和充分利用这套宝贵资料,将其进行了数字化处理,为今后建立审图办公自动化系统奠定了基础。首先分析了“标准样图”的概况和基本特性,然后详细介绍了对其进行矢量化的一系列技术规定以及栅格数据的处理方法,最后对该数据成果进行了实用性分析。     

探空报、测风报扩充报文相对时间编码SnSSSS的解析

对高空探空报、测风报扩充报文相对时间定位编码进行比较,并进行解析。     

长江河口青草沙水库最长连续不宜取水天数

为解决上海日益增长的用水需求, 保障淡水资源安全, 需要建设长江河口避咸蓄淡特大型水库。本文应用改进的三维长江河口盐水入侵数值模式, 采用2007和2008年10个水文站盐度资料对模式进行验证, 计算青草沙水库最长不宜取水天数。本文以径流量特枯的1978—1979年作为水文计算年, 考虑三峡工程、南水北调东线工程和沿江引排水对大通实测逐日径流量的修正, 考虑潮汐、风应力和混合等作用。根据2003年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为68天, 这个水库设计的重要参数已在水库建设中采用。根据2008年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为54天, 已被水库调度采用。2003年至2008年北支上段河势发生了明显变化, 导致北支盐水倒灌减弱, 因此这期间的最长不宜取水天数减少。     

Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Index Along Western Coast of South Korea Using SPT and CPT

For South Korea, liquefaction potential along the western coast has not been widely assessed because South Korea is considered to be a low seismic hazard. However, recent earthquake events and historical records indicate that the seismic hazard of South Korea should not be ignored. Moreover, as artificial fills are extensively used along the western coast for development, liquefaction evaluation of the soils in this area is necessary. In this paper, we present: (1) the seismic characteristics of the study area; (2) procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential, focusing on the liquefaction potential index (LPI) approach; and (3) LPI distributions at several representative locations along the western coast of South Korea under various seismic scenarios. The liquefaction potential index represents the liquefaction potential over the upper 20 m of a boring or sounding. Using cone penetration test (CPT) and standard penetration test (SPT) data from two coastal sites, we compare and discuss CPT-based and SPT-based LPI values, particularly values computed in nonplastic, silt-rich soils. In these soils, it appears that the CPT yields lower liquefaction resistance, resulting in large LPI values. Finally, discussion and suggestions are provided for CPT- and SPT-based liquefaction assessment of low plasticity and high fines content soils.     

黄河三角洲YDZ1孔沉积环境分析

对黄河三角洲五号桩附近YDZ1孔沉积物进行粒度分析,结果表明沉积物粒度参数在垂向分布序列上表现出一定的规律性.运用粒级-标准偏差法得到YDZ1孔沉积物的环境敏感粒度粒级范围为2.75～3.75φ.根据粒度参数变化的规律性和环境敏感粒度组分平均粒径的垂向分布特征,结合沉积物样品分样描述和ASM14C测年数据,分析了末次盛冰期以来黄河三角洲地区沉积环境的变化过程.     

离岸深水全直桩码头承载性能有限元分析

全直桩码头是适于软土地基上离岸深水海域的新型高桩码头结构型式,其承载机理与传统高桩码头存在较大差异,且软土地基循环软化效应显著。建立全直桩码头结构与地基相互作用三维弹塑性有限元模型,基于二次开发采用拟静力法对土体循环软化效应进行模拟。通过有限元模型研究全直桩码头的承载特性与破坏模式,并探讨水平极限承载力的影响因素。研究表明水平荷载作用下,基桩的塑性破坏是结构失稳的控制因素,地基土体的承载力对结构水平极限承载力不起决定性作用;竖向荷载作用下,结构竖向极限承载力由地基土体强度决定。研究范围内入土深度对结构水平极限承载力影响不大,但桩壁厚度减小或考虑土体软化后,结构水平极限承载力明显降低。设计中,增加入土深度可有效减小土体软化引起的水平极限承载力降低程度,且应考虑结构腐蚀和土体软化对水平极限承载力的双重降低效应,为钢管桩预留足够的腐蚀富裕量。     

Evaluation of Bearing Capacity for Multi-Layered Clay Deposits with Geosynthetic Reinforcement using Discrete Element Method

A stability analysis of reinforced foundation soil is presented in this paper. A method based on the discrete element method (DEM) is suggested for calculating the bearing capacity on strip footings over multilayer soils reinforced with a horizontal layer of geosynthetics. The proposed method can estimate the ultimate bearing capacity and the distribution of tensile force developed in the geosynthetics of the footing system by Winkler springs to account for the compatibility between soil blocks and tensile elements to consider the tensile behavior between soil and geosynthetics. For footings on various multilayer soils with or without reinforcement of geosynthetics, the results of the method were compared to the field test results as well as to those obtained by various methods proposed by other researchers.