浅谈阻碍"数字土壤"技术普及的主要因素及解决途径

从技术角度和市场经济角度的分析出发,总结出阻碍“数字土壤”普及的几个主要因素,即标准化问题、自我封闭、缺乏市场意识等,对产生问题的原因进行了简单剖析。针对我国目前的经济技术发展水平,提出了解决问题的建议。     

地震观测仪器的检定与校准研究

检定与校准是评定测量器具、装置是否满足预期要求的两种方法,对地震测量器具、装置进行周期检定或者校准是确保测量数据正确,保证地震仪器产品质量的一个重要手段。对这两种方法进行了具体的分析和较为深入的探讨。     

南非地理信息标准化综述

本文对南非地理信息标准的特点,标准化机构的发展历程,现有的地理信息标准作了介绍,对其中的南非地理空间数据字典作了着重描述,包括数据字典产生的背景,数据字典的内容与特点,以及数据字典的意义。     

电子政务-自然资源和地理空间信息库标准体系研究

“统一标准,保障安全”是我国电子政务建设坚持的重要原则之一。自然资源和地理空间信息作为各种社会、经济和人文信息的时空支撑平台和基础,亟待在现有标准的基础上,从整体出发,制定标准间关系合理、层次结构分明的服务于电子政务的自然资源和地理空间信息库标准体系。本文通过对国内外地理信息标准和电子政务标准的调查与分析,确定电子政务中自然资源和地理空间信息库定位、设计原则,采用统一建模语言UML,对信息库中标准做结构化的分析,形成了自然资源和地理空间信息库标准体系。     

EU shipping in the dawn of managing the ballast water issue

After almost two decades of intensified research, regulatory and political activities focussed on the prevention of harmful organisms and pathogen transfers around the world in 2004 the International Convention on the Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) was adopted to provide a common and globally uniform ballast water management (BWM) approach. Nevertheless, regionally different BWM approaches are developing. By now, many countries around the world seem to be aware of the ballast water issue and its management limitations. In the EU, different approaches have been identified at regional and national scales. The first voluntary BWM requirements at the regional level have been introduced by the HELCOM and OSPAR countries, Adriatic countries have prepared a common approach considering a new legal framework for implementation, and some national level requirements have also been identified. However, a common EU wide BWM approach has not yet clearly emerged. In this paper the authors review the BWM approaches developing in Europe, and describe the EU response on BWM. The authors further provide recommendations which may be considered when developing BWM measures in the EU. This contribution focuses on the BWM issue in European seas in light of the EU Maritime Policy and EU Marine Strategy. The Caspian Sea was also considered.     

A Least-Squares Standard Deviation Method to Interpret Gravity Data due to Finite Vertical Cylinders and Sheets

We have developed a least-squares approach to determine simultaneously the depth to both the top and base of a buried finite vertical cylinder (vertical line element approximation) and a 2-D vertical thin sheet from moving average residual anomaly profiles obtained from gravity data using filters of successive window lengths. The method involves using a relationship between the depth to the top, and base of the source and a combination of windowed observations. The method is based on computing the standard deviation of the depths to the top, determined from all moving average residual anomalies for each value of the depth to the base. The standard deviation may generally be considered a criterion for determining the correct depth to the top and base of the buried structure. When the correct depth to the base value is used, the standard deviation of the depths to the top is less than the standard deviation using incorrect values of the depth to the base. This method can be applied to residuals as well as to the observed gravity data. The method is applied to synthetic examples with and without random errors and tested on two field examples from the USA and Canada.     

电子海图显示与信息系统的国际标准

介绍了电子海图显示与信息系统(ECDIS)标准发展状况,包括ECDIS的性能标准、数据模型与显示标准,测试数据集等。     

浅谈胶、莱两湾污染区的综合治理

近年来,胶州湾和莱州湾海域污染日益严重,引起国家有关部门和省政府的高度重视,并采取了措施加以控制和减少污染,但治理效果并不显著。本文对两湾纳污区的污染源进行了分析,探讨了导致近年来治理效果不佳的原因,并提出综合治理对策。     

水下剖面光谱原始数据异常值的判断方法

针对水下剖面光谱原始数据的物理特点和计算要求,应用截断点法对其异常值进行判断,并与另外两种较常用的异常值判断方法(三倍标准差法、P roSoft软件中的比值法)进行了比较。结果表明:(1)截断点法对光谱数据异常值具有较好的判断性能,异常值几乎都能被正确识别出来,且基本上无发生误判情况;(2)该法有效避免了参数选择判断的主观性;(3)该法的算法比较简单,便于计算机的编程处理。     

俯冲带板间地震竖向加速度谱的阻尼修正系数模型

我国台湾省和南海东部地区处于地质构造复杂和地震频发的俯冲带区域,这一地区的结构抗震设计影响着该地区的开发建设进程。为建立适用于该地区的俯冲带板间地震竖向加速度谱的阻尼修正系数模型,本文选用日本K-NET与KiK-net台网的3 552条俯冲带板间地震记录,分四类场地建立以阻尼比和谱周期为参数的阻尼修正系数模型,并分析其它未纳入模型的参数对误差的影响。结果表明：采用阻尼比对数的三次多项式表达式即可实现良好拟合;模型在短周期内的误差主要受场地效应与路径效应影响,在长周期和高阻尼比时误差主要受震源效应影响;分场地建立阻尼修正系数模型可有效降低场地效应产生的误差。本文的研究成果可用于求解俯冲带地区无震源效应与路径效应的竖向设计反应谱。