三维地震勘探数据处理的问题及其解决方法

三维地震勘探在十年内取得了显著的地质效果和经济效益。三维地震数据处理技术也得到了迅速的发展。但是,与二维相比,三维地震数据处理技术有许多不完善之处。本文对其中几个主要问题进行分析并提出解决方法。这些问题是三维叠加速度分析、三维静校正和叠前三维偏移等处理方法。     

大别山北麓佛子岭群的特征及其形成的大地构造环境

佛子岭群主要由一套绿片岩相的变质岩组成,分布在安徽境内的大别山北麓。其上部为一套变质的复理石建造,下部为变质的火山-沉积岩建造。佛子岭群的变质火山岩的岩石化学特征及佛子岭群的岩石组合特征表明,佛子岭群是发育在一断陷盆地中,该断陷盆地可能在晚元古代早期开始拉张,在晚元古代末期闭合。在此期间,郯-庐断裂带在华北断块和大别山古老断块之间的拉张与闭合过程中可能起着类似于转换断层的作用。     

新生代阿尔金断层中、东段右行走滑特征

从柴达木、准噶尔、塔里木3个地块近4个古地磁样品中得出的古纬度数据表明,新生代阿尔金断层中、东段的右行走滑特征明显。白垩纪以来,新疆板块相对柴达木地块向北移动了0.6°-5.4°。据此将断裂两侧各地块复原到白垩纪末的位置,天山-北山地体与祁连山地体相联,柴达木地体成为塔里木地体的东延部分。     

The Yaean Metamorphic Core Complex and Extensional Detachment Fault in Inner Mangolia, China

The article describes the characteristics of the Yagan metamorphic core complex, especially the associated detachment fault and various extensional structures in its footwall. The age of the complex is discussed in some detail as well. The basic features of the Yagan metamorphic complex (Jurassic in age) are similar to those of the metamorphic core complex (Tertiary in age) in the Cordilleran area; they are as follows: (a) mylonitic gneisses in the footwall, (b) chloritized sheared mylonitic rocks, (c) pseudotachylites and flinty cataclasites or microbreccias, (d) unmetamorphosed or epimetamorphic rocks in the hanging wall with a layer of fault gouges or incohesive fault breccia next to the detachment fault. In contrast to its Cordilleran counterpart, however, there are many extensional faults with different styles (from dactile low-angle normal faults through brittle-ductile to brittle high-angle normal faults)in the footwall.     

塞北雪（锂—锶—偏硅酸）珍贵天然矿泉水

经勘察评价和国家级评审鉴定，天镇县城关Ｔ＿（６７）井属锂－锶－偏硅酸三项达标的复合型优质饮用天然矿泉水。矿泉水产于近东西向挽近断裂带上，马圈痒地热田边部，地势平坦，环境无污染，交通便利，水质独特，水量丰富，具有综合开发优势，适宜建厂开发。     

Offset dependent amplitudes: Fault curvature effects and dip move-out corrections

Equations have been presented previously which predict that reflector curvature can affect significantly seismic reflection amplitudes at both zero and nonzero source-receiver offsets. Here the fact that faults are generally concave-upward is used to examine the curvature effect for compaction-driven faults which the sediments have both exponential and logarithmic porosity decreases with increasing depth.The curvature effect is generally larger over upwardly concave reflectors where amplitudes can either increase with offset (exposed focus) or decrease with offset (buried focus). The magnitude of the effect depends on the ratio between the depth to the structure and the radius of curvature of the structure. A phase change of 90° also occurs at a critical offset in the case of an exposed focus concave-upward reflector, with decreasing amplitude at offsets larger than the critical value. Dip move-out (DMO) dominantly removes the amplitude variation with offset due to curvature. These results suggest that when looking for amplitude variations with offset in a fault prospect, DMO should be applied as a preprocessing step. Compaction-driven faults have an exposed focus and, for an exponential variation of porosity with depth, there is a maximum curvature effect at a depth roughly the same as the scaling depth for the porosity. Logarithmic porosity with depth variations suggest a continued increase in the curvature effect of faults with increasing depth, to a maximum amplitude increase of about 35% relative to a plane interface.     

The frictional behavior of lizardite and antigorite serpentinites: Experiments,constitutive models,and implications for natural faults

Laboratory studies of the frictional behavior of rocks can provide important information about the strength and sliding stability of natural faults. We have conducted friction experiments on antigorite and lizardite serpentinites, rocks common to both continental and oceanic crustal faults. We conducted both velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests on bare surfaces and gouge layers of serpentinite at room temperature. We find that the coefficient of friction of lizardite serpentinite is quite low (0.15–0.35) and could explain the apparent low stresses observed on crustal transform faults, while that of antigorite serpentinite is comparable to other crustal rocks (0.50–0.85). The frictional behavior of both types of serpentinite is well described by a two-mechanism model combining state-variable-dominated behavior at high slip velocities and flow-dominated behavior at low velocities. The two-mechanism model is supported by data from velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests. The low velocity behavior of serpentinite is strongly rate strengthening and should result in stable fault creep on natural faults containing either antigorite or lizardite serpentinite.     

桐城桐山－庐江大化下古生界飞来峰及其地质意义

桐城桐山－庐江大化的飞来峰位于早白垩世杨湾组（Ｋ＿１ｙ）弱变形的紫红色陆相碎屑岩之上，由下古生界的硅化粗晶灰岩，白云质灰岩及硅质岩组成，岩层强烈碎裂。其中伴生的张裂隙及剪切石香肠指示岩层由南东向北西逆冲。这一飞来峰的形成与郊庐断裂南段平移作用产生的次级逆冲有关。是由此产生的推覆体差异剥蚀的结果，这种次级逆冲推覆作用发生在扬子板块前陆褶冲带的变形之后。