大前石岭隧道进口岩堆体的稳定性分析评价

大前石岭隧道进口岩堆发育,覆盖层较厚,岩堆边坡表观上处于稳定状态,但在施工作业等人为作用以及外界环境扰动（如降雨、爆破等）作用下岩堆极易失稳。基于现状岩堆发育特征,分析隧道进口岩堆体失稳机理,从定性和定量的角度,给出现状和施工2种工况下隧道进口岩堆的稳定性评价,同时分析对路基、隧道等工程造成的危害,并给出处理措施建议,以保证隧道施工、线路运营的安全性,为工程建设中岩堆体诱发地质灾害的防治提供参考与借鉴。     

基于力学过程的蓄滞洪区洪水风险评估模型及应用

为定量评估分蓄洪工程启用过程中蓄滞洪区的洪水风险等级,创建了基于力学过程的蓄滞洪区洪水风险评估模型。该模型采用二维水动力学模块计算蓄滞洪区的洪水演进过程,利用洪水中人体跌倒失稳公式及洪水中房屋、农作物损失的计算关系式,评估各类受淹对象的洪水风险等级。然后将二维水动力学模块计算的洪水要素与两个物理模型试验值进行对比,表明二维水动力学模块的计算精度良好。最后计算了荆江分洪工程启用时分洪区内洪水的演进过程,并评估洪灾中群众的危险等级和财产损失。计算结果表明:洪水演进至140 h时,蓄滞洪区群众、房屋、水稻和棉花的平均损失率分别为85%、59%、63%和72%。模型中提出的采用基于受淹对象失稳机制的洪水风险分析方法,比以往经验水深法划分风险等级的适用性更好,不仅能为洪水风险管理及蓄滞洪区启用标准制定提供参考,也能推广应用于溃坝或堰塞湖溃决等极端洪水风险评估。     

安徽省宿松县长溪山村江冲滑坡稳定性分析与评价

在实地踏勘的基础上,对宿松县长溪山村江冲滑坡的地质地貌条件以及滑坡体的基本特征进行了详细的分析。在此基础上,采用传递系数法对地质界面(现状滑面)稳定性进行了计算,对滑坡在不同工况条件下的稳定性及发展趋势进行了分析、评价与预测,最终提出了有效的防治措施建议。     

济南药山崩塌地质灾害治理方法初探

济南地区的中基性岩体,大面积隐伏分布于济南市北部地带,零星出露为孤峰或丘陵,构成济南地区著名的"齐烟九点"地貌景观。药山为"齐烟九点"之一,地处济南杂岩体的中西部,岩性主要为闪长岩、辉长岩等,块状结构,节理裂隙发育,易球状风化形成临空状危岩体,构成崩塌地质灾害隐患。结合济南药山危岩体组合特征,进行了稳定性计算和分析,提出了不同的治理方案以及具体施工方法和施工顺序,以期达到消除地质灾害隐患的目的,切实保护人民生命财产安全,为类似地区开展地质灾害治理提供参考。     

有机质对纳米级磁铁矿热稳定性的影响

单畴磁铁矿颗粒是地质样品中最重要的磁性载体,其稳定性一直备受关注.为了认识有机质对纳米级磁铁矿颗粒热稳定性的影响,本文对比研究了趋磁细菌AMB-1合成的单畴磁铁矿分别在全细胞中和经去胞提纯后的纯化磁小体中的热磁性质,以及热处理后样品的磁滞参数和低温磁性的变化.发现仅有磁小体膜包裹的纯化磁小体中单畴磁铁矿热稳定性极强,而全细胞中的单畴磁铁矿加热过程中发生了显著的热变化:磁铁矿在约270℃即开始转化,400℃以前几乎完全被有机质还原为顺磁性物质;同时在400℃以前,有机质的还原作用与有机质热分解引起磁小体链的坍塌,共同导致了样品矫顽力(B_c)、剩磁矫顽力(B_cr)和剩磁比(M_rs/M_s)的减小,以及矫顽力比(B_cr/B_c)的增加. 我们的实验结果清楚地表明,当地质样品中含有较多有机质组分并受热事件影响时,其中的单畴磁铁矿难以得到保存.     

Critical notch depths for failure of coastal limestone cliffs: case study at Kuro‐shima Island,Okinawa, Japan

Development of a notch at the base of a cliff reduces cliff stability and often induces a collapse. Pleistocene limestone coastal cliffs of elevation 5?m in Kuro‐shima, Ryukyu Islands, have a prominent notch with a depth of 3–4?m at their bases. Around these coastal cliffs, collapses different from previous studies of cliff collapses in the Ryukyu Islands were found; collapses in Kuro‐shima have a horizontal failure surface. The horizontal failure surface, situated at the height of the failure surface corresponding to the retreat point of the notch, is bounded by vertical joints cutting the whole cliff and the reef flat in front of the cliff. Two types of horizontal failure surface were found, triangular and quadrangular; the distinction appears to depend on the angle between the vertical joints and the front face of the cliff. Prior to collapse, these cliffs appear to have been separated from the adjacent cliffs by the development of vertical joints. Consequently, a cliff that will collapse can be identified in advance; cliff instability is strongly dependent on the development of a notch. To study the effect of notch development on cliff collapse, the notch depth at which collapse occurs was calculated using stability analysis. Instability of a cliff increases with notch depth; collapse occurs at the horizontal failure surface when the ratio of the notch depth to the seaward length of the cliff is approximately 0·5–0·7 for a triangular failure surface, and 0·7–0·9 for a quadrangular failure surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Instability of coral limestone cliffs due to extreme waves

Many boulders are located around the coastal cliffs with height of below 5 m made of coral limestone at Kuro‐shima, Okinawa, Japan. The origin of the boulders appears to be coral limestone cliffs which show developed notches. We undertook stability analysis, involving the wave pressure due to tsunamis, of wave‐induced collapse of the cliffs. We find that extreme waves are capable of inducing cliff collapse, as observed in circumstances where gravity is insufficient. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic stability analysis of gravity retaining walls

A new approach based on the category of upper bound theorem of limit analysis is presented in this study to consider the seismic stability of gravity retaining walls. The retaining wall and the backfill soil were taken as a whole system. For a translational failure mechanism assumed, formulas are provided to calculate directly the yield acceleration and the inclination of the failure surface. An example is shown to illustrate the method. Comparisons are made with limit equilibrium method, and the results are found consistent. Based on a limited parametric study, it is shown that the wall roughness has remarkable influence on the yield acceleration.     

生态系统服务研究动态及地理学研究范式

生态系统服务是目前国际上相关研究热点之一.本文综述了国内外生态系统服务研究的进展、存在问题和发展趋势.在此基础上,针对目前生态系统服务研究生态学范式存在的问题,提出了地理学在此领域的研究范式和优先主题.研究认为,从地理学视角研究生态系统服务,应当以空间异质性和区域差异作为切入点,紧紧围绕生态系统结构与功能-生态系统服务-人类社会福祉这一主线,始终将"自然系统提供生态服务与社会经济系统内化消费"之间的耦合联系作为研究核心,综合集成分析社会经济系统对自然资本内化的响应.通过建构生态系统服务的地理学研究范式,不仅可以拓展生态系统服务研究的深度和广度,而且有助于提升自然和社会经济系统的集成分析水平,进而推动地理学综合研究进程.同时,也为地理学的核心命题--人地关系研究提供重要的实践领域.     

沂源鲁村煤矿千米混合立井围岩稳定性分析与施工措施

基于沂源鲁村煤矿围岩稳定性差,塑性变形量大的实际情况,采用弹塑性力学分析的方法,分析了鲁村煤矿千米混合立井岩石开挖后围岩应力重新分布情况和塑性变形,进而确定是否采用临时支护措施,以确保施工安全。研究表明鲁村煤矿混合井围岩掘进深度大于780 m时,围岩变得不稳定,需要施加锚喷临时支护,同时增加井筒掘进荒断面,预留围岩变形空间。