新世纪初期伊朗经济发展中的问题分析

进入新世纪以来,发展中的伊朗经济依然暴露出失业、基础薄弱、对外依赖严重、政府负担重、贫富差距大等问题。引起这些问题的原因来自伊朗国内外,涉及政治、宗教等诸多领域。只有改革宗教和政治体制,革新生产关系,调整经济结构,才能真正发展生产力,实现经济社会的和谐持续发展,使伊朗成为真正的地区大国、强国。     

Feinauflösung von UV-Spektren durch Differentiation 1. und 2. Ordnung im Rahmen der Kohlenwasserstoffanalyse

Fine Resolution of UV Spectra by Differentiation of 1st and 2nd Order in Hydrocarbon Analysis Basic UV spectra (0th order) in unpolar solvents such as cyclohexane are useful — though with some reservations — in characterizing mineral oils occuring in pure form and aromatic fractions in environmental samples separated by chromatographic techniques. The common standard raffinates, biogenic hydrocarbons or other mixes of hydrocarbons including polycyclic aromatics can be approximately identified. The spectra of 1st and 2nd order improve the reliability of the results and permit above all to detect polycondensated aromatics even in traces. Finally, partial spectra of 1st and 2nd order in the wavelength ranges 205…240, 220…260, and 260…320 nm allow because of their very specific structures a simple and fast practically definite assignment to the above-mentioned groups of aromatics. Analogously, substituted aromatics in detergents and other technical products have already been identified. The method is suitable as a fast preliminary test, at least.     

新世纪我国地质钻探技术发展的思考

探讨了新世纪我国地质钻探技术的发展，论述了综合钻探技术是我国未来地质钻探技术的发展方向，分析了发展综合钻探技术的必要性及有利条件，并提出了前期应做的准备工作。     

对21世纪发展中国人类起源研究的若干建议

本文简述170余年来关于人类起源研究的重大发现，我国的重要贡献和潜力，在此基础上对我国未来的工作提出原则性的建议；发现更多人类和有关的化石以及旧石器，并对之进行深入的研究；构建可信度更高、涵盖面更广的古人类年龄框架；研究古人类与环境的关系；录求古人类学与分子人类学在人类起源研究上的协调。     

二十一世纪的矿物学

根据20世纪矿物学已取得的主要成果和已经意识到尚未解决的问题，预测21世纪矿物学基础理论研究将在分子轨道理论和分子模拟、三维矿物物质、矿物表面和界面等方面取得突破性进展。这些研究将借助更为快速、准确、精细的测试手段和仪器。应用于地球科学领域，21世纪矿物学将对诸如造山带（高压变质、蛇绿岩等）；深部地质（组成、物理性质）；古生物和现代生物，特别是微生物在地质过程中的作用；全球变化（风化、沉积、纪年）等方面的研究作出特殊贡献。同时21世纪矿物学在矿物材料研究方面将为人类的生活带来广泛、深刻的变化。     

20世纪云南地区Ms≥5.0级地震活动的基本特征

在对云南地区地震目录完整性和均匀性分析的基础上，系统总结和分析了20世纪云南地区Ms≥5．0级地震活动时、空、强分布的基本特征。有以下主要认识：（1）6．7级以上大震存在十年尺度的活跃－平静交替活动过程；（2）50年左右的大震复发周期；（3）5级以上地震活动的时、空分布具有很大的随机性，5－6级地震活动不存在活跃期和平静期之分；Ms≥5．0级地震有约2．6次／年的期望年发生率，每年发生0．8－4．5次Ms≥5．0级地震的自然概率是68．3％；（4）6级以上地震具有空间丛集特征，云南全区80％的6级以上地震只分布在全区20％左右的面积上；（5）以金沙江－红河断裂带为界，6．7级以上大震成组地在滇西和滇东交替活动；（6）5级以上地震活动的b值为0．69。     

Residential differentiation in nineteenth‐century Fremantle: the antipodean case

The study of residential differentiation in nineteenth‐century cities has generally been pursued without reference to Australian examples due to a lack of suitable data sources and a tendency to assume ‘New World’ models for the antipodean case. This study of late nineteenth‐century Fremantle, Western Australia, utilises data drawn from contemporary municipal ratebooks in a comprehensive analysis of residential space at the micro‐scale of individual lots. Conducted at three time intervals during a period of in‐migration and urban transformation, the analysis reveals the distinctiveness of one Australian urban experience during an era of ‘compressed development’. Residential differentiation is shown to exist both between and within occupational status groups, reflecting subtle differences in tenancy status, dwelling type and lot densities. With population increase and the onset of industrialisation, many of these differentials can be seen to disappear, particularly between middling status groups. Drawing upon additional evidence from other researchers, it is possible to construct a schematic model of antipodean urban development to represent more precisely the period in Australian cities prior to large‐scale suburbanisation.     

中国嵌入“21世纪海上丝绸之路”航运网络的关键节点识别

共建“21世纪海上丝绸之路”重大倡议的提出,疏通了东西方经由航运往来,实现全要素“流动”的海上通道,拓展了中国连接世界经济的新型贸易之路。本文基于航运往来关系,引入社会网络分析方法,分析中外整体航运网络空间结构及核心—边缘构局,结合嵌入广度、嵌入深度和网络中介功能,类比不同地区航运网络嵌入模式差异;综合考量中外港口节点的网络中心地位和现实航运能力,识别航运网络中的功能节点。研究发现：①沿线航运网络呈现以中国—东南亚地区紧密关联为重心的“镐头”状空间格局,上海、深圳、新加坡、巴生港共同架构起沿线港口低耗高效的轴辐式关联网络结构;②过滤得到关联骨干网络和核心网络,并识别出关联广度和强度差异的海外港口特殊节点和核心节点;③港口嵌入航运网络的方式大致可分为以中国和东南亚港口为代表的(广度、深度、中介功能)层级嵌入模式和以非洲、南西亚—中东、南亚和欧洲地区为代表的均质嵌入模式;④中国港口外向关联强度层级特征明显,识别出潜在复合型枢纽港、外向干线港、内向直挂港、中介支线港和边缘喂给港五种类型的港口节点,并明确分工提出发展建议,以期有效协调港口组织格局和节点功能互补共进,强化“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的通道价值。     

Geographic EducationResearch and the Changing Institutional Structure of American Education

Professional geographers are paying increasing attention to the development of a research agenda concerning geographic education. In doing so, it is essential that geographers pay close attention to fundamental changes in the structure of education itself. Traditional educational methods and procedures associated with industrial society are being replaced by new and innovative modes of education that are linked to post-industrial social organization. This article explores the implications of these changes for understanding the teaching and learning of geography in the future.