地震和煤矿采动耦合作用下露天矿边坡及采空区稳定性研究

为了探讨地震和煤矿采动耦合作用下的露天矿边坡及采空区的稳定性,以辽宁排山楼金矿露天转井工开采为研究对象,基于FLAC3D有限元分析平台,采用强度折减法研究了未进行煤炭开采时和煤矿采动单独作用下露天矿边坡的安全系数,重点探讨了煤矿采动和地震耦合作用下露天矿边坡及采空区应力场、位移场及塑性区的分布规律。结果表明:未经采动时,露天矿边坡的安全系数为1.21,边坡处于稳定状态;煤矿采动后露天矿边坡安全系数降为1.12,仍处于稳定状态,单独的煤矿采动作用不会导致露天矿边坡失稳;在地震和煤矿采动耦合作用下,露天矿边坡坡体内出现了较大的拉应力,采空区顶板出现冒落现象,底板出现底鼓现象;在地震和采动耦合作用下,边坡将出现失稳破坏,破坏形式主要为采动区顶板的大面积冒落和边坡的崩塌。     

气候变化对黄河上游天然径流量影响分析

根据黄河上游兰州以上地区1959-2002年历年逐月气温、降水量资料,统计分析了近44年区域气候变化的基本特点,同时通过对各站气温、降水量与兰州站年天然径流量相关系数的计算,选取代表站及典型时段,建立天然径流量计算公式,并计算分析了天然径流量对气候变化的敏感性及气候变化对径流的影响程度。结果表明：(1)年径流量随降水的递增而加大,随气温的升高而减小;(2)径流量对降水变化的响应较其对气温变化的响应更显著;(3)20世纪90年代以来,气候变化对天然年径流量的影响较显著,其影响幅度达13．2％。     

mKdV Equation for Solitary Rossby Waves with Linear Topography Effect in Barotropic Fluids

The modify Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations, governing the evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves, are derived from quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation by using the perturbation method. The result manifests that the linear topography effect with the change of latitude can induce solitary Rossby wave.     

长沙市固体废弃物处理场水文地质及环境效应评价

为了解垃圾填埋场周边地下水环境污染状况,以长沙市固体废弃物处理场周边土壤、地下水及下游水库水质为研究对象,对研究区进行采样分析,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染综合指数法对该垃圾填埋场周边环境重金属含量特征进行分析与风险评价。结果表明：As、Cr（Ⅵ）、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu重金属是填埋场周边环境中的主要污染物,区域采样点及下游水库中重金属含量均值低于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,填埋场区污染状况良好;Cr（Ⅵ）含量在ZK1与R1样品中均高于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,是填埋场周边地下水的主要风险污染物;ZK1~ZK4中土壤重金属元素以Pb、Cr（Ⅵ）富集为主,其达中度污染程度,应引起重视。     

考虑加筋与遮帘效应计算群桩沉降的相互作用系数法

群桩中各基桩在地基土中的加筋与遮帘效应是客观存在的,然而,在目前的桩基沉降理论与实践中,相关的研究仍显不足。基于剪切变形法理论,考虑桩的加筋与遮帘效应,求得各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下产生的沉降以及其引起相邻桩的附加沉降量,由此提出群桩中任两桩的相互作用系数简化公式,同时,也得到各基桩桩侧及桩端桩-土接触等效弹簧刚度,并基于荷载传递法原理,建立了成层地基条件下各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下的桩身位移平衡方程,推导出各土层层顶处桩身沉降、轴力与层底处桩身沉降、轴力之间的递推关系,进而将公式推广到高、低承台群桩基础计算中。工程算例分析表明,用该方法计算有较高的精度,求得的荷载-沉降曲线及两桩相互作用系数与实测值吻合较好;相互作用系数要明显小于弹性理论计算结果。     

Simulation of the Direct Radiative Effect of Mineral Dust and Sea Salt Aerosols in a Doubled Carbon Dioxide Climate

The authors examine the equilibrium climatic response to the direct radiative effect(DRE)of mineral dust and sea salt aerosols in a doubled-CO2climate with two-way coupling of aerosol-climate interactions.In response to the drier and windier conditions,dust emissions increase by 26%in the Sahara Desert and by 18%on the global scale relative to present day.Sea salt emissions increase in high latitudes(60°)but decrease in middle latitudes(30°–60°)of both hemispheres due to the poleward shift of westerlies,leading to a 3%decrease in global emissions.The burdens of dust and sea salt increase by 31%and 7%respectively,because reductions in rainfall over the tropical oceans increase the lifetime of particles in the warmer climate.The higher aerosol loading in the doubled-CO2climate reinforces aerosol DRE by0.2 W m 2,leading to an additional cooling of 0.1°C at the surface compared with the climatic effects of aerosols in present day.The additional cooling from changes in natural aerosols compensates for up to 15%of the regional warming induced by doubled CO2.     

吸附–解吸状态下煤层气运移机制

带吸附作用的煤层气运移规律一直是煤层气地质学界关注的焦点问题之一。为研究吸附-解吸状态下的煤层气运移机制,推导了气体吸附-解吸方程并分析了多孔介质扩散-渗流理论,开展了煤层气运移实验并对实验结果进行了分析。研究结果发现：煤体孔隙结构对煤层气运移具有\     

Geomorphic effectiveness: a linear concept in a non‐linear world

Geomorphic effectiveness has been an influential concept in geomorphology since its introduction by Reds Wolman and John Miller in 1960. It provided a much needed framework to assess the significance of an event by comparing event magnitude to the resultant geomorphic effects. Initially, this concept was applied primarily in river channels, under the linear assumption that geomorphic responses to similarly sized flood events will be consistent. Numerous authors have since attempted to quantify a direct, proportional relationship between event magnitude and different forms of geomorphic response in a variety of geomorphic settings. In doing so, these investigations applied an array of metrics that were difficult to compare across different spatiotemporal scales, and physiographic and geomorphic environments. Critically, the emergence of other geomorphic concepts such as sensitivity, connectivity, thresholds, and recovery has shown that relationships between causes (events) and geomorphic effects (responses) are often complex and non‐linear. This paper disentangles the complex historical development of the geomorphic effectiveness concept and reviews the utility of various metrics for quantifying effectiveness. We propose that total energy (joules) is the most appropriate metric to use for quantifying the magnitude of disturbance events (cause) and volumetric sediment flux associated with landform modification is the most appropriate metric for quantifying geomorphic effects. While both metrics are difficult to quantify, they are the only ones which facilitate comparison across a range of spatiotemporal scales (comparability) in a variety of geomorphic environments (flexibility). The geomorphic effectiveness concept can continue to be useful provided that geomorphologists use flexible and comparable metrics. Today, geomorphologists are better prepared to consider the influence of non‐linear processes on determinations of geomorphic effectiveness, allowing investigators to not only determine if a disturbance event was effective but also to explain why or why not. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湖陆风效应为主导的地面弱风预报方法

对博斯腾湖东南陆地风场数据进行计算,结合湖陆风效应初步建立夏半年各月风场日变化模型,得出风场日变化的4个典型时段。结果表明,区域测站一致性系数和风场有较好的对应关系,一致性系数小于50说明风向不稳定且风速较小,一致性系数大于80说明风向趋于稳定且风速一般较大,弱风时段主要出现在日出日落前后,且具有2h左右的持续时间。该方法为该地区弱风时段预报提供了思路,在稳定的高压脊形势下效果尤为明显。     

汶川地震盆地效应的思考与建议

通过实地考察及资料搜集,统计分析了汶川地震中地貌以及局部场地条件对震害的影响。根据受灾城市所在地理位置的不同,将城市分为盆地内部（成都）、盆地边缘（都江堰、绵竹、江油、什邡）、盆地外部（北川）3类,分别统计了震害情况,分析了震害原因。发现在这次地震中盆地效应尤其明显,盆地边缘震害比较严重;盆地中部震害较轻;山区的震害比平原的严重,尤其是在两个距离比较近的山体之间的地区,除了地震灾害之外,滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害也很严重。最后对建筑抗震设计提出了几点建议。