一种卤水中钾离子含量的快速测定方法

介绍了使用多道能谱仪探测卤水中~(40)K放射出的γ射线,用最小二乘法处理数据,得到卤水中钾离子含量的快速测定方法。采用该测量方法,可提高钾盐生产企业劳动生产率、减少资源浪费。     

A tile-based method for geodesic buffer generation in a virtual globe

Geometric buffers are important for spatial analysis in many applications of geographic information systems (GISs), such as environmental measurement and management, human health, urban planning, etc. Geometric buffer generation algorithms are well studied in the Euclidean space where the buffer distance is measured by Euclidean metrics; however, very few algorithms are available for generating geometric buffers on the terrain surface in a virtual globe where the buffer distance is measured by geodesic metrics. This paper proposes a tile-based method for geodesic buffer generation according to the characteristics of a virtual globe. It extends the vector tile model (VTM) to organize terrain and vector data, and the XYH algorithm is improved to build geodesic distance fields for terrain meshes. Based on the data organization and the improved XYH algorithm, a geodesic buffer is generated via three main steps: selecting and assembling tiles, updating geodesic distance fields and tracing the boundaries of buffer zones. This method is implemented with multi-scale terrain and vector data, and the experimental results show that it is valid and exact and can be applied in practical applications.     

A spatial fuzzy influence diagram for modelling spatial objects’ dependencies: a case study on tree-related electric outages

Spatial objects can be interconnected and mutually dependent in complex ways. In Geographical Information Science, spatial objects’ topological relationships are not discussed together with their attributes’ dependencies, and the vagueness of spatial objects is often ignored during the spatial modelling process. To address this, a spatial fuzzy influence diagram (SFID) is introduced. Compared to the traditional statistical or fuzzy modelling approach, the influence diagram brings advantages in helping decision-makers structure complex interdependency problems. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate the applicability of using an influence diagram in modelling spatial objects’ dependencies. As a case study, an SFID is applied to tree-related electric outages. The result of the case study is represented as a vulnerability map of electrical networks. The map shows areas at risk due to tree-related electric outages. The results were first validated by using a visual comparison of the vulnerability map and electricity fault data. In the second validation step, the percentage of fault data, which has received values in different vulnerability categories, was calculated. The results of the case study can be used to support the decision-making process of electrical network maintenance and planning.     

多元回归分析方法在高层建筑沉降监测数据处理中的应用

高层建筑物的监测周期一般较长,数据量大,数据处理和分析较为复杂,因此,需要选择一种较为合适的、贴近工程实际的分析方法.本文以某高层建筑物的沉降监测数据为例,阐述了多元回归分析模型中影响因子的确定、回归模型的最小二乘参数估计以及回归模型的显著性检验,并比较了沉降累计值的预测值和真实值,结果显示:二者的残差较小,可见预测精度较高,说明多元回归分析在高层建筑沉降监测数据处理中是行之有效的.     

基于时间序列的鄱阳湖水位分析与预测

以鄱阳湖外洲水文站为研究对象,主要介绍了水位与水流量的曲线模型以及自回归模型,选择短周期的水位和水流量数据,采用Matlab拟合最优的水位与水流量的曲线模型,剔除水流量对水位的影响,采用自回归模型并基于最小二乘原理对其剩余量进行拟合及预测。结果显示,曲线模型+自回归模型的拟合和预测效果明显优于单一的曲线模型和自回归模型,用后验差法检验显示预测精度等级为好,因此,该模型可对鄱阳湖外洲站水位进行短期预报。     

LAPS雷达反射率拼图方法改进及静锥区填充方法研究

针对Local Analysis and Prediction System(LAPS)融合我国新一代多普勒雷达基数据时产生的资料空白问题,设计采用最大值和距离指数权重拼图方法来改进LAPS原有的最近邻居法,并且尝试通过最小二乘法来模拟静锥区的反射率值。试验结果表明,最大值法和距离指数权重法能够充分发挥多部雷达观测反射率的效能,有效地改善高仰角之间的资料空白现象,对静锥区也有一些的填补,特别是在对流层中层。最小二乘法拟合静锥区反射率试验取得了一定的效果,能够较好地拟合静锥区周围观测资料比较多的情况。该研究改善了LAPS同化国产多普勒雷达资料的能力,提高了多部雷达观测的利用效能,将会对LAPS分析产生积极的影响。     

海泥细菌电池电催化降解效应——一种海底石油污染生态原位修复绿色新技术

海底石油污染可导致长期的生态灾难。一般海洋石油污染防治技术无法用于海底环境。文章描述了一种绿色的海底石油污染生态原位修复新技术,利用沉积层生物燃料电池电催化加速降解效应,即利用海底沉积层(海泥)中的多种细菌以石油污染物为营养物,代谢产生的电子被电池正极和负载消耗掉,反过来促进细菌加速降解污染物。该技术既可在海底加速石油污染物降解速率,又可原位产生电能驱动监测仪器工作,还可用于原位监测生态修复进展,故具有重要的应用前景。     

变差函数权值估算的移动最小二乘匹配点云粗差剔除

现有密集匹配点云数据已实现了地表3维信息的精细化表达,然而由于误匹配,此类点云往往包含一定数量粗差点并影响后续应用的处理效果。针对此类数据中误匹配所产生粗差点的剔除问题,将变差甬数引入移动最小二乘(MLS)粗差剔除算法。变差函数对MLS拟合区域内点对间的相关性进行估算,以此为依据设置权值对最小二乘的结果进行优化;然后利用MLS局部、分区域地对点云进行曲面拟合;最终根据拟合结果剔除粗差。利用A3数字测图系统生成的城区、山区密集点云数据进行实验,并将处理结果、等权MLS处理结果与人工剔除结果进行对比。实验结果表明该算法可有效对点云中的粗差进行剔除,相较于等权MLS粗差剔除算法,陔算法在城区、山区的误判率分别降低了5.16%和1.31%。     

采用主成分分析法的面状居民地自动选取

居民地选取是一个多种因素相互约束、相互关联的过程,而这些影响居民地重要性因素的关系往往难以定量地描述出来,提出了基于主成分分析法的居民地自动选取方法。首先,采用主成分分析法对这些相互约束、相互影响的因子转换成一组无关变量;其次,对这转换后的无关变量提取主要成分;第三,计算出主成分的权重用以评价居民地的重要性程度;最后,利用开方根模型完成居民地要素的定额选取。该方法将相互关联、相互约束的影响居民地重要性的因子转换成新的无关变量,提炼出其主要成分并计算权值用以综合评价居民地的重要性。实验对比分析表明,该方法综合考虑了居民地要素的行政等级、位置特征和面积大小等因素对居民地重要性的影响,选取结果,较好地保持了居民地选取前后的整体形态,符合选取原则。     

Full 3-D numerical modeling of borehole electric image logging and the evaluation model of fracture

A full 3-D finite element method numerical modeling program is written based on the principle and technical specification of borehole electric image well logging tool. The response of well logging is computed in the formation media model with a single fracture. The effect of changing fracture aperture and resistivity ratio to the logging response is discussed. The identification ability for two parallel fractures is also present. A quantitative evaluation formula of fracture aperture from borehole electric image logging data is set up. A case study of the model well is done to verify the accuracy of the for-mula. The result indicates that the formula is more accurate than the foreign one.