中国东部烈度衰减关系模型研究

本文收集了1990—2021年我国东部地区180次地震等震线数据,采用长、短轴椭圆模型,应用Levenberg-Marquardt法和最小二乘法重新拟合了东部地区的分区地震烈度衰减关系。结果表明,两种回归模型结果保持较好的一致性,在2个分区统计单元内(东北、华北地区与华中、华南地区)地震烈度衰减关系有明显不同,故而应进行不同的分区对待。同时,在我国东部地区,通过与其他学者的地震烈度衰减关系研究成果进行对比,显示本文两种方法的结果可较好地反映烈度衰减的区域特征。选取吉林宁江M5.7、湖北巴东M5.1地震和河北唐山M7.8地震的长、短轴及面积进行计算,通过对比结果可以看出,本文烈度衰减关系计算的结果较同一区域或大区域的计算结果更精准,说明本文结果能反映出东部地区地震震级小而破坏大的特征,适合用于该地区的工程地震研究和应用。本文给出的我国东部地区分区地震烈度衰减关系适用震级范围为面波震级3.0～8.0,距离为0～660km。     

结合相似块匹配及线性最小均方误差滤波器的全极化雷达影像去噪

针对全极化合成孔径雷达Pol SAR(Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar)影像相干斑噪声严重的问题,提出了一种结合相似块匹配和线性最小均方误差原理的去噪方法。该方法首先在原始影像上实现相似块组的匹配,进而利用线性最小均方误差滤波器对影像块组进行滤波得到初始去噪结果;然后,同时利用原始影像和初始去噪影像的信息进行相似块组的重新匹配,并再次利用线性最小均方误差原理对重匹配影像块进行去噪,得到影像最终的去噪结果。利用模拟的Pol SAR影像和高分三号卫星Pol SAR影像进行了算法效果的验证。结果表明,去噪算法在显著抑制影像噪声水平的同时,也能较好地保持影像的边缘和极化特性等细节信息。     

Estimation of the Cenozoic Strike-slip Displacement for Major Faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression and its Geological SignificanceEI北大核心CSCD

Estimation of the strike-slip displacement of faults in basins or covered regions has always been a hot and knotty issue. Based on the fine interpretation of 3D seismic data, we estimated the strike-slip displacements of the Cenozoic evolutionary stages of the main faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression, and analyzed their geological significance, using methods of physical modeling experiments and structural analysis. The results showed that two thirds of the strike-slip displacements of the major faults were converted into the horizontal displacement of those secondary extension faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression. It should be noted that the Liaodong Bay Depression isn't a pure strike-slip basin, and its Cenozoic evolution also influenced by extension, thus, extension amount produced by mantle upwelling should be detracted. Strike-slip movements were generated in the depositional stage of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation, and the strike-slip displacements of major faults in different evolution stages vary considerably. In terms of the Cenozoic cumulative strike-slip displacement, the displacement of faults in the Liaozhong Sag is the largest, followed by those in the Liaodong Sag, and those in the Liaoxi Sag is the smallest. Among all of the faults, the Liaozhong1 fault had the largest strike-slip displacement. As to the displacement in different stages, the strike-slip displacement of all major faults showed the largest displacement in depositional stage of the Dongying Formation. The Neogene strike-slip displacement of faults is bigger than that of the depositional stage of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation in the Liaoxi region, while it showed an opposite trend in the eastern Liaodong Bay Depression. The difference of relative strength between extensional and strike-slip stress controlled the difference of structural styles and basin structures in different evolution stages and structural locations in the Liaodong Bay Depression. The Cenozoic strong strike-slip effects in the Liaozhong and Liaodong Sag were presented by the obvious strike-slip characteristics on major faults and structural styles. In the Liaoxi Sag, the obvious “extension strike-slip” superimposed structural style was caused by the extension effects in the early Paleogene and strike-slip effects of the Dongying Formation and Neogene. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

多波束测深系统时延偏差探测及校正方法

在利用多波束测深系统进行高精度海底地形测量时,各传感器之间数据采集时间不同步的问题,即存在时延偏差,这将会直接影响多波束测深数据质量,为此提出了一种基于最小二乘原理的多波束测深时延偏差探测及校正方法,给出了时延偏差探测及校正计算模型,设计了时延偏差探测及校正流程,通过实例分析,验证了所提方法的适用性和有效性。     

Intrinsic versus extrinsic variability of analogue sand-box experiments – Insights from statistical analysis of repeated accretionary sand wedge experiments

Analogue models are not perfectly reproducible even under controlled boundary conditions which make their interpretation and application not always straight forward. As any scientific experiment they include some random component which can be influenced both by intrinsic (inherent processes) and extrinsic (boundary conditions, material properties) sources. In order to help in the assessment of analogue model results, we discriminate and quantify the intrinsic versus extrinsic variability of results from “sandbox” models of accretionary wedges that were repeated in a controlled environment. The extrinsic source of variability, i.e. the parameter varied is the nature of the décollement (material, friction and thickness). Experiment observables include geometric properties of the faults (lifetime, spacing, dip) as well as wedge geometry (height, slope, length).For each variable we calculated the coefficient of variance (CV) and quantified the variability as a symmetric distribution (Normal, Laplacian) or asymmetric distribution (Gamma) using a Chi squared test (χ²). Observables like fault dip/back thrust dip (CV = 0.6–0.7/0.2–0.6) are less variable and decrease in magnitude with decreasing basal friction. Variables that are time dependent like fault lifetime (CV = 0.19–0.56) and fault spacing (CV = 0.12 – 0.36) have a higher CV consequently affecting the variability of wedge slope (CV = 0.12–0.33). These observables also increase in magnitude with increasing basal friction. As the mechanical complexity of the evolving wedge increases over time so does the CV and asymmetry of the distribution. In addition, we confirm the repeatability of experiments using an ANOVA test. Through the statistical analysis of results from repeated experiments we present a tool to quantify variability and an alternative method to gaining better insights into the dynamic mechanics of deformation in analogue sand wedges.     

阳江百利广场基坑监测实施及结果分析

基坑工程监测是指在基坑施工及使用期限内,对基坑及周边环境实施的检查、监控工作。本文结合阳江百利广场基坑工程的特点,介绍了基坑监测方案和实施情况,对重点区域（OU段）的变形信息等基本特征进行分析,确保了在基坑施工过程中能够实时提供基坑及周边建构筑物的动态变形信息,达到动态设计与信息化施工的目的。     

Modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption in Mainland China using saturation-corrected DMSP/OLS nighttime stable light data

Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption (EPC) is crucial for the effective utilization of electric power in China. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime stable light (NSL) data have good potential for estimating EPC effectively at large scales. However, saturated lighted pixels contained within the NSL data limit the accuracy of EPC estimation. We developed a new method to correct the saturated lighted pixels, using the SPOT VEGETATION (SPOT/VGT) 10-day synthesis product (S10) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and then modeled the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Mainland China from 2000 to 2008. The results demonstrated the reliability of our approach with an average R value of 0.93 (P<0.001) and an average relative error of ?28.92%. EPC in Mainland China showed an average annual growth rate of 13.46% during the study period from 1198.23 billion kWh in 2000 to 3290.51 billion kWh in 2008. EPC in Mainland China also showed clear regional variation. Northern coastal China and eastern coastal China consumed 37.61% of the total EPC in Mainland China, with only 25.96% of the population and 6.11% of the area.     

Modeling blocky nonlinear mechanics behavior on plasticity and progressive fractures with the enriched mesh free DDA method

This study explores a new form of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method, which uses mesh free displacement functions instead of linear polynomial ones adopted in the original DDA, hence it can effectively describe complex block displacements and deformations. Moreover, the capability of describing a block’s nonlinear mechanical behaviors, i.e., plasticity and fracture, are developed under classical fracture and increment plasticity mechanics theories. With consideration of computation efficiency and convenience, the Sibson natural neighbor interpolation technique for block plasticity analysis and the enriched Moving Least-Squares (MLS) approximation for block fracture analysis are employed, respectively. Numerical results show the applicability of the proposed mesh free DDA method.     

综合物探在莘县地区地热勘查中的应用

莘县地区广泛被新生代地层覆盖,并且厚度较大,在该区寻找地热资源,首先应查明热储层、盖层及断裂构造的特征。在本区CSAMT法对断裂构造具有很好的横向分辨能力,直流电测深对新生界地层具有较好的分辨效果。在收集有关地质、地震、测井等资料的基础上,通过利用直流电测深半定量的解释结果作为CSAMT定量解释的约束条件进行地质综合推断,基本查清了区内深部隐伏的地层、热储层、断裂构造的埋深及展布特征,取得了很好的勘查成果。综合应用两种物探方法对类似地区进行地热资源的前期勘查,可以高质、高效地取得勘探成果。     

高密度电法在和田隐伏断层探测中的应用

西昆仑山前一系列的新生代背斜的翼部往往伴生向南斜倾的逆断裂,这些断裂隐伏于早更新世或中更新世洪积砂砾石层,构成了和田隐伏断裂带。该断裂带由2条陡坎状断层组成,宽约10.6km,深度20~300m,落差110~270m。根据卫星影像和地质工作成果,和田隐伏断裂的一支从和田市南部穿过,但南郊飞机场附近没有露头,为探查断层在该区域的位置及深度,沿垂直于推测的断层走向布设2条测线,采用温纳（WN）测量系统对其进行探测。探测结果表明：2条测线皆发现了逆断层,均上切错断了上覆晚更新世地层,其中测线1存在2处断层,一处断层倾向南,倾角50°左右,另一处断层倾向北,倾角约55°;测线2存在一处断层,倾向北,倾角近80°。通过比对高密度电法资料和地质出露点剖面,推断和田断层在第四系以来有过两次明显的活动,导致晚更新世砂砾石土层被断错。