Squid mandibles from the stomachs of sperm whales (physeter catodon l.) captured in the cook strait region of New Zealand

The lower mandibles of squid in the stomachs of two sperm whales examined at the Tory Channel whaling station in 1963–4 were separated into 11 types according to a system of grouping devised by the authors and based on a key drawn up by M. R. Clarke.     

航空摄影测量模式下的海岸线综合推算技术

论证了航空摄影测量模式下由潮位推算技术确定岸线的基本原理,设计了岸线高程确定的两种技术方案,分析了岸线高程确定的精度,介绍了该技术的工程应用。     

云南腾冲地区地热流体的地球化学特征

对云南热海和瑞滇地区地热流体的地球化学特征进行了分析和探讨,并据此评估了地热流体对环境的影响.结果显示,研究区的碱性热泉中K、Na、F、Cl、SiO_2的含量高,而只存在于热海地区的酸性热泉中SO_4~(2-)、Mn、Fe的含量高.热泉中As、Sb的含量范围分别在43.6～687μg/L和0.38～23.8 μg/L之间.热泉中以As(Ⅲ)为主,占了总砷的91%.地热流体中的As、Sb一部分被固定在泉华中,而另一部分则释放到了环境中,从而进入地下水和下游的田地中,对当地居民的健康造成威胁.     

Sedimentation and recent history of a freshwater wetland in a semi-arid environment: Loboi Swamp, Kenya, East Africa

Loboi Swamp is a 1·5 km² freshwater wetland situated near the equator in the Kenya Rift Valley. The climate is semi‐arid: precipitation is ≈ 700 mm year^?1, and evapotranspiration is ≈ 2500 mm year^?1. Some of the wetland water is currently used for irrigation. An interdisciplinary study was conducted on the geology, hydrology, pedology and biology of the wetland to determine its origin and history and to assess its longevity under present hydrological conditions. Sedimentary records from two piston cores (1·8 and 4 m long) indicate that the present wetland developed during the late Holocene on a low‐relief alluvial plain. Floodplain deposits (sandy silts) are capped with wetland sediments (organic‐rich clay and peat), which began to form at ≈ 700 BP. The swamp is dominated by Typha domingensis Pers. (≈ 80%) and floating Cyperus papyrus L. (20%). It is fed by warm springs (T ≈ 35 °C; pH ≈ 6·4–6·9) emanating from grid faults of the rift floor. Water compositions suggest that sources are dominated by shallow meteoric water, with little contribution from deeper geothermal fluids. Siderite concretions in the floodplain silts reflect the Fe‐reducing conditions that developed as the surface became submerged beneath the water table. The pollen record captured both local and more regional vegetation, showing the prevailing dry rift valley climate despite development of the wetter conditions on the valley floor. The diatom record also suggests a dramatic change in local hydrology. The combined biological records of this semi‐arid wetland indicate an abrupt change to wetter conditions, most probably as a result of a regional change in climate. Rift tectonics provided accommodation space, maintained the wetland at or below the water table and enabled spring recharge. The size of the modern wetland has been reduced by about 60% since 1969, which suggests that the system may now be under hydrological stress due to anthropogenic impacts from land‐use change.     

土工布加筋基础的沉降和土工布拉力

给出解土工布加筋基础非线性模型方程组的差分选代格式。讨论了夹有土工布的砂层的荷载传递和模型参数对加筋基础的沉降及土工布拉力的影响。     

胶东温泉地质、地热背景及其控泉构造

胶东地区众多温泉与本区大地构造背景、区域地质特征、新构造运动的历史、特殊的地貌条件及相对高的地热背景值密切相关。而不同时代和性质的断裂构造控制着局部地热场的分布,成为温泉出露的控泉构造。     

Variations in discharge and temperature of mineral springs at the Františkovy Lázně spa,Czech Republic,during a nearby earthquake swarm in 1985/1986

The western part of the Bohemian Massif (West-Bohemia/Vogtland region at the Czech-German border) is characterized by relatively frequent intraplate earthquake swarms and by other manifestations of present-day geodynamic activity. During the strong earthquake swarm at the turn of the years 1985 and 1986, significant changes in mineral spring parameters were observed at the spa of Františkovy Lázně. In this study, we present all available data on the mineral springs parameters, and we discuss them in terms of relations to seismic activity. Some changes in discharge were very distinct, amounting up to 40%, and had a co-seismic character. The changes in temperature were less noticeable, but preceded the beginning of the swarm by several months. Some hydrological changes persisted for nearly two years after the earthquake swarm. The character of the observed changes seems to support the hypothesis on an injection of mantle fluids, in particular of CO₂, as the main triggering mechanism of the earthquake swarm and the main cause of discharge anomalies.     

温泉逸出气体常规成分快速测定

通过对腾冲火山地球化学观测站中用气相色谱仪对火山区温泉逸出气体成分的观测实践的理论总结,系统介绍了用气相色谱仪对温泉逸出气体常规成分的快速测定方法.结果表明,SP3400型气相色谱仪具有一系列优点.通过合理的仪器配置、参数设置、规范的运行维护和分析操作,SP3400型气相色谱仪可以快速准确地分析温泉逸出气体中He、H_2、O_2、N_2、CH_4、CO_2等常规组分的含量.对这些组份总量分析的相对偏差只有1.89%,对CO_2组份分析的相对偏差只有2.18%,对He、H_2等ppm级含量的组份分析的相对偏差分别只有10.24%和11.44%,说明SP3400的型气相色谱仪的测试结果有相当高的可靠性和准确性.SP3400型气相色谱仪为温泉逸出气体常规组分快速测定的理想仪器,可以在火山和地震监测台站推广使用.     

Stable isotope systematics of surface water bodies in the Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan (Kashmir) region

Stable hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope ratios of the headwaters of the Indus and its tributaries, surface ice in glaciers, saline and fresh water lakes and thermal springs in the Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan (Kashmir) region are reported. The δ5D-δ¹⁸ relationship for the river samples shows a slope of 9.12 +-0.29 which agrees well with the estimate of 8.99 ±0.33 based on a simple Rayleigh fractionation model. The unique signature of a higher deuterium excess (d) of the ‘Western Disturbance’ is preserved in these samples. An altitude effect of -0.9 per mil/km is observed in the δ¹⁸O of Indus waters. At a lower altitude (Beas) the altitude effect is almost double, indicating that the altitude effect decreases with elevation in this region.