柴达木盆地水—岩硼含量分布特征及其富集区域物源讨论

柴达木盆地盐湖是我国重要的硼资源富集区和成矿区。针对盆地内不同盐湖硼资源富集程度的差异性,采集柴达木盆地北缘河水和泉水样品,分析其硼和锂含量、矿化度和p H值,结合柴达木盆地不同流域补给水及蚀源区岩石已有的硼锂含量,总结盆地水—岩体系硼锂含量地球化学特征,并对柴达木盆地北缘富硼盐湖物源进行了探讨。结果表明,柴达木盆地北缘祁连山流域水体和岩石硼含量均较阿尔金山和昆仑山流域高,而其锂含量均较昆仑山那棱格勒河流域低,显示柴达木盆地北缘水—岩相对富硼贫锂的地球化学特征。综合对比柴达木盆地不同流域硼锂资源分布,显示出整个盆地硼锂含量的不均一性和不同步性特征。针对柴达木盆地北缘富硼盐湖的物源研究,主要归纳为祁连山系围岩(含电气石花岗岩)的风化淋滤、深部富硼地下水补给和含盐风成沉积溶滤输入成因,其中深部富硼地下水补给为最主要的来源。     

娘子关泉群岩溶水系统西部子系统径流特征研究

根据娘子关泉群系统西部控水构造、含水层段、水动力场等水文地质条件，重新划定了娘子关岩溶水系统西部边界(兴道-大方山-郭家沟-线构造带)，则东山区成为娘子关的一个补给径流区。在此基础上，对西部子系统岩溶水径流特征提出了新的见解。     

山东半岛地质环境与温泉分布

以野外实际资料为基础，运用板块构造原理探讨山东半岛区域地质环境与温泉分布的关系．提出山东半岛为板内相对稳定的隆起区，在全球板块构造背景下主要发育ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ和ＮＷ、ＮＮＷ向断裂．地热场为板内中低温地热带的一部分，地表无异常水热活动．出露的温泉属于非火山型，并严格受断裂构造控制，主要分布在ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ与ＮＷ、ＮＮＷ向断裂交汇形成的构造破碎带．     

Evaluation of the solute geothermometry of thermal springs and drilled wells of La Primavera (Cerritos Colorados) geothermal field,Mexico: A geochemometrics approach

A detailed study on the solute geothermometry of thermal water (18 springs and 8 drilled wells) of La Primavera geothermal field (LPGF) in Mexico has been carried out by employing a geochemical database compiled from the literature and by applying all the available solute geothermometers. The performance of these geothermometers in predicting the reservoir temperatures has been evaluated by applying a geochemometrics (geochemical and statistical) method. The springs of the LPGF are of bicarbonate type and the majority have attained partial-equilibrium chemical conditions and the remaining have shown non-equilibrium conditions. In the case of geothermal wells, water is dominantly of chloride-type and, among the studied eight geothermal wells, four have shown full-equilibrium chemical conditions and another four have indicated partial-equilibrium conditions. All springs of HCO₃^−​ type water have provided unreliable reservoir temperatures, whereas the only one available spring of SO₄²⁻ type water has provided the reservoir temperature nearer to the average BHT of the wells. Contrary to the general expected behavior, spring water of non-equilibrium and geothermal well water of partial-equilibrium chemical conditions have indicated more reliable reservoir temperatures than those of partially-equilibrated and fully-equilibrated water, respectively. Among the chemical concentration data, Li and SiO₂ of two springs, SO₄²⁻ and Mg of four springs, and HCO₃ and Na concentrations of two geothermal wells were identified as outliers and this has been reflected in very low reservoir temperatures predicted by the geothermometers associated with them (Li–Mg, Na–Li, Na–K–Mg, SiO₂ etc.). Identification of the outlier data points may be useful in differentiating the chemical characteristics, lithology and the physico-chemical and geological processes at the sample locations of the study area.In general, the solute geothermometry of the spring waters of LPGF indicated a dominantly (94%) of underestimated deep reservoir temperatures, whereas in the case of the geothermal wells, many temperatures (54%) are underestimated, some are (43%) overestimated and a very small number (3%) are similar to an average bottom-hole temperatures (BHT) of the wells. 28 out of the total applied 29 geothermometers for spring waters have predicted the deep reservoir temperatures that are characterized by statistically significant large differences compared to the average BHTs of the geothermal wells. In the case of waters of the geothermal wells, 23 out of the total applied 28 geothermometers have predicted the reservoir temperatures similar (statistically no significant differences) to the BHTs of the corresponding geothermal wells.     

新疆库车盆地盐泉水水化学特征、来源及找钾指示意义

库车盆地是塔里木盆地的一个次级凹陷,位于新疆塔里木陆块北缘与西南天山之间。文章介绍了库车盆地盐泉水的化学特征、来源及其找钾指示意义。对库车盆地几个代表性盐泉出露区进行盐泉水样品(21件)采集和分析,研究了其化学组成特征、水化学类型和氢氧同位素组成,同时根据收集的129件盐泉水化学数据资料,生成了盐泉水水化学分布图。新采自库车盆地的21件盐泉水样品矿化度范围为120.216~305.322g/L,水型以氯化物型(瓦里亚什科分类法)为主,具有明显的深部地层氯化钙型卤水的特征。氢氧同位素组成分析发现,盐泉水δ18 O范围为-9.1‰~4.7‰,δ2 H值范围为-75‰~-28‰,投点偏离大气降水线且δ18 O和δ2 H具有一定的正相关关系(r=0.81),表明该区盐泉水曾受到强烈蒸发作用影响,同时也受水—岩作用影响,存在一定的δ18 O漂移现象。库车盆地盐泉水组成特征与深部岩层岩性有密切关系,而断裂控制盐泉水出露与分布,盐泉水形成的地表地球化学异常对于该区找钾有一定的指示意义。     

一种基于LiDAR点云栅格化的海岸线提取方法

针对当前从三维激光点云中提取海岸线方法的不足,提出了一种基于点云栅格化的海岸线提取方法。首先对点云进行去噪等数据预处理,然后直接将其栅格化生成更为平滑的海岸地形,最后采用中国近海海域潮汐精密模型,从栅格海岸地形中提取基于平均大潮高潮面MHWS(Mean High Water Springs)海岸线。实验表明:此处所提出的点云栅格化方法较当前方法提取的海岸线更可靠、合理,提取效率更高,同时也可用于其他辅助岸线的提取。     

济南泉水水化学动态特征分析

济南是山东省省会城市,以泉水而闻名,济南泉域位于济南市中部,为掌握济南泉水水质变化情况,根据多年监测的泉水水质资料,采用年度及年内对比方法,分析研究了泉水主要离子多年动态特征及年内变化,研究结果表明,从1984—2013年近30年间,济南泉水主要水质指标呈恶化趋势,主要驱动因素是CO2,SO2-4,Cl-离子含量的增长,其与当地燃煤量持续增长联系密切;而年内主要离子含量动态变化,属短期波动,与泉区排泄点周边的环境影响有关。     

西藏朗久地热田及其温泉水化学特征研究

西藏朗久地热田位于喜马拉雅——冈底斯微板块北西缘,区内构造、岩浆与变质作用强烈,在构造活动与河流的共同作用下其热储盖层遭到严重破坏,导致冷、热水发生混合。区内碳酸盐岩广布,未完全冷却的花岗岩为地热田的热源,热储平衡温度在191.11～213.85℃之间。区内地表水为HCO3-Ca型,温泉水阴离子为Cl-HCO3型,阳离子为K-Na型。温泉水TDS为2000～2300mg/L,Na+/Cl-＞1,其演化程度介于部分成熟水与未成熟水之间,水岩反应尚未达到平衡。几种典型热液矿物饱和度指数均大于零,区内热液蚀变作用对温泉水化学组成贡献较大;温泉水PCO2＞2000Pa,与背景值形成较大的梯度差,会发生强烈的CO2脱气。      

即墨温泉地热水水质的动态变化特征

即墨温泉是一种含多种化学元素的高矿化度热水资源,在深部地下热水沿断裂带上涌的过程中可能与浅部冷水发生不同程度的混合,使开采获得的地热水水质也发生了相应的变化。对即墨温泉地热资源核心开采区2口开采深度不同的地热井进行了为期1个水文年的水质变化监测,地热水水质参数上半年比下半年高,水质参数发生急剧变化的时间相对于气候的季节性变化有2～3个月的滞后,且氯度、矿化度和电导率的季节性变化幅度在开采深度较浅的水井中较大,表明开采条件和区域性气候条件的变化共同控制了地热水水质变化。     

A spatio-chemical survey of hydrogeothermal springs in Lake Elementaita, Kenya

The hydrochemistry of three areas of geothermal activity in the Lake Elementaita basin were surveyed. The results indicated warm temperatures between 30–40°C, high alkalinity (1,200 mg CaCO₃/l) and specific conductance (4,300–8,100 μS/cm). pH was above 9 with a high concentration of carbonates, chlorides and sulphates. Apart from playing a significant role in the lake chemistry, lacustrine springs provide a significant source of water supply, particularly during the dry season. However, there is a serious lack of scientific information on the hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the thermal springs.