Fluid Characteristics and Evolution of the Zhawulong Granitic Pegmatite Lithium Deposit in the Ganzi‐Songpan Region,Southwestern China

The Zhawulong granitic pegmatite lithium deposit is located in the Ganzi-Songpan orogenic belt. Fluid inclusions in spodumene and coexisting quartz were studied to understand the cooling path and evolution of fluid within albite–spodumene pegmatite. There are three distinguishable types of fluid inclusions: crystal-rich, CO2–NaCl–H2O, and NaCl–H2O. At more than 500°C and 350~480 MPa, crystal-rich fluid inclusions were captured during the pegmatitic magma-hydrothermal transition stage, characterized by a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a carbonate component. Between 412°C and 278°C, CO2–NaCl–H2Ofluid inclusions developed in spodumene (I) and quartz (II) with a low salinity (3.3–11.9 wt%NaCl equivalent) and a high volatile content, which represent the boundary between the transition stage and the hydrothermal stage. The subsequentNaCl–H2Ofluid inclusions from the hydrothermal stage, between 189°C and 302°C, have a low salinity (1.1–13.9 wt%NaCl equivalent). The various types of fluid inclusions reveal the P–T conditions of pegmatite formation, which marks the transition process from magmatic to hydrothermal. The ore-forming fluids from the Zhawulong deposit have many of the same characteristics as those from the Jiajika lithium deposit. The ore-forming fluid provided not only materials for crystallization of rare metal minerals, such as spodumene and beryl, but also the ideal conditions forthe growth of ore minerals. Therefore, this area has favorable conditions for lithium enrichment and excellent prospecting potential.     

湖南仁里稀有金属矿田36号伟晶岩地球化学特征、成矿时代及其意义

位于幕阜山岩体西南缘的仁里稀有金属矿田是近年来华南地区新发现的一处重要花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿产地,铌钽矿体赋存于岩体内外接触带伟晶岩中,具有明显成矿分带性.文章选取仁里矿床岩体内接触带36号伟晶岩脉为研究对象,开展伟晶岩的地球化学及云母Ar-Ar年代学研究,探讨其与花岗岩围岩成因关系及岩体内接触带伟晶岩的成岩成矿时代,以丰富仁里矿田稀有金属成矿作用研究.研究表明,36号伟晶岩具高硅(w(SiO2)为72.87％～76.21％)、高铝(w(Al2O3)为13.69％～15.14％)、低钙镁铁、相对富碱(w(Na2O+K2O)为6.59％～8.33％)、(高钾)钙碱性及过铝质特征;微量元素总体富集Nb、Ta、Hf、U等高场强元素(HFSE),相对亏损Ba、Sr等离子亲石元素(LILE);稀土元素总量(ΣREE)13.95×10-6～71.63×10-6,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,具壳源特征.白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为早白垩世(136.6±1.4)Ma,成矿作用发生于仁里矿田稀有金属大规模成矿的早阶段.地球化学及矿物学特征显示,36号伟晶岩与花岗岩围岩具有良好的演化关系,结合野外观察现象及成岩年龄,认为36号伟晶岩为花岗质岩浆侵位后残余岩浆结晶分异的产物,母岩为中粗粒片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩.     

川西甲基卡烧碳沟地区伟晶岩脉地球化学特征

通过对烧碳沟地区伟晶岩的岩石学特征及地球化学特征进行分析,探讨了其成矿构造背景及物质来源等成矿地质条件.结果表明:烧碳沟一带伟晶岩的SiO2含量为73.46%~75.96%,全碱含量为4.71%~7.36%,里特曼指数为0.70~1.84,反映了伟晶岩的钙碱性特征;铝饱和指数A/CNK 为1.54~2.49,全部大于1.1,反映了强过铝质S 型花岗岩的特征.伟晶岩的主量、微量和稀土元素特征表明,其源岩以黏土沉积物为主,与甲基卡二云母花岗岩相比,两者具有高度相似的微量、稀土元素配分模式,以及近似的Nb/Ta 比值,表明两者具有同源性,且属于分异程度较高的钙碱性花岗伟晶岩脉.构造背景分析显示伟晶岩属于同碰撞花岗岩,在印支运动末期相对稳定的环境中,甲基卡一带的穹状构造为稀有金属伟晶岩矿床提供了良好的成矿环境.     

不同成因伟晶岩绿柱石、海蓝宝石矿物学及物理化学特征研究

近期我们对我国不同成因伟晶岩进行了地质地球化学研究［１～３］,证明湖南幕阜山伟晶岩属岩浆分异成因,云南哀牢山伟晶岩属变质深熔成因。本文就两地伟晶岩中绿柱石及海蓝宝石矿物学、形成物理化学条件作对比研究,以探讨不同成因伟晶岩特性。１　地质背景幕阜山位于江南古陆中段,区内出露中元古界冷家溪群变质岩,岩浆活动强烈,广泛出露燕山期花岗岩岩类。冷家溪群地层强烈褶皱,普遍发生浅—中深变质作用,形成板岩、云母片岩,是幕阜山花岗岩体的主要围岩［４］。含铍花岗伟晶岩在二长花岗岩中广泛分布,部分在冷家溪群变质岩中产出…     

Crystallization of melts, pegmatite intrusion and the Inverian retrogression of the Scourian complex, north-west Scotland

Abstract Partial melting of tonalitic gneisses in the 2.7 Ga Badcallian granulite facies metamorphic episode in the Scourian complex of north-west Scotland produced a suite of granitic to trondhjemitic liquids. On cooling and excavation of the complex, these melts underwent fractional crystallization and the residual liquids eventually became water saturated. Comparison with experimental data suggests that water saturation would have occurred in these melts at around 620–700°C. From the retrograde P–T -time path followed by the complex it is estimated that H₂O-dominated fluids were exsolved from these melts at c. 2.5 Ga. It is proposed that these fluids were the cause of the 2.5 Ga Inverian retrogression of the Scourian complex and that water-saturated melts formed during the crystallization of the leucogneisses were intruded as a suite of pegmatites. The timing of pegmatite intrusion is consistent with this proposition as are the temperature estimates, timing, distribution and nature of the Inverian phase of metamorphism. It is likely that the crystallization of melts is an important process in bringing about hydrous retrogressive metamorphic episodes in a number of other basement terrains, such as West Greenland and Australia.     

Timing relationships between pegmatite emplacement,metamorphism and deformation during the intra‐plate Alice Springs Orogeny,central Australia

In the Harts Range (central Australia), the upper amphibolite facies to lower granulite facies, c. 480–460 Ma Harts Range Metamorphic Complex (HRMC), and the upper amphibolite facies, c. 340–320 Ma Entia Gneiss Complex are cut by numerous, generally peraluminous pegmatites and their deformed equivalents. The pegmatites have previously been interpreted as locally derived partial melts. However, SHRIMP U–Pb monazite and zircon dating of 29 pegmatites or their deformed equivalents, predominantly from the HRMC, reveal that they were emplaced episodically throughout almost the entire duration of the polyphase, c. 450–300 Ma intra‐plate Alice Springs Orogeny. Episodes of pegmatite intrusion correlate with the age of major Alice Springs‐age structures and with deposition of syn‐orogenic sedimentary rocks in the adjacent Centralian Superbasin. Similar Alice Springs ages have not been obtained from anatectic country rocks in the HRMC, suggesting that the pegmatites were not locally derived. Instead, they are interpreted as highly fractionated granites, and imply that much larger parental Alice Springs‐age granites exist at depth. The mechanism to allow repeated felsic magmatism in an intraplate setting, where all exposed rock types had a previous high‐temperature history, is enigmatic. However, we suggest that episodic underthrusting and dehydration of unmetamorphosed Centralian Superbasin sedimentary rocks allowed crustal fertility to maintained over a c. 140 Ma interval during the intra‐plate Alice Springs Orogeny.     

新疆喀喇昆仑大红柳滩一带锂矿光谱特征 及其找矿指示意义

近年来,新疆喀喇昆仑大红柳滩地区锂铍矿取得重大找矿发现,显示良好的成矿潜力。受其高寒深切割环境的制约,矿区外围的地质找矿工作推进不易。前人利用高分、多光谱遥感数据及高光谱技术在该区花岗伟晶岩型锂铍矿找矿工作中发挥出积极作用,发现了505、507、俘虏沟南1号、俘虏沟南2号等多处大型锂铍矿产地。笔者通过对区内花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中岩、矿石开展地面光谱测试,系统对比不同岩性赋矿地层、岩体、含矿伟晶岩、不含矿伟晶岩的光谱特征。通过光谱解算剖析其矿物组合,分析显示含矿伟晶岩中含锂矿物以锂辉石、锂云母为主,少量锂绿泥石。含矿伟晶岩具高反射率,发育强Al-OH吸收峰,受其接触交代蚀变影响,发育Mg-OH吸收峰,二者共同构成区内含矿伟晶岩的标志性遥感异常组合。采用国产高光谱遥感卫星数据,利用匹配滤波方法提取上述异常组合,圈定找矿有利区7处,为该区下一步锂铍找矿工作提供了依据。     

山东省塔埠头地区花岗伟晶岩稀土矿成矿时代特征及地球化学特征

笔者在野外调查和花岗伟晶岩带划分的基础上,通过对塔埠头稀土矿床岩相学、同位素年代学及地球化学的分析研究,确定了成岩、成矿年龄,探讨了成矿物质来源及花岗伟晶岩与稀土成矿的联系,建立了该矿床成因模式。元素地球化学特征显示,含稀土的花岗伟晶岩具有低硅、低碱、富铁过铝质特征,钾长-斜长花岗伟晶岩、钾长花岗伟晶岩和钾长花岗岩3类花岗伟晶岩均具有高硅高碱低铁过铝质的特征,轻重稀土元素分异较明显,亏损Ta、Ti、Nb、P等高场强元素,富集K、Rb等大离子亲石元素。LA ICP-MS同位素测年结果表明,含稀土花岗伟晶岩氟碳铈矿Th-Pb测年结果为（128.5±2.0）Ma、（134.4±1.2）Ma,指示稀土成矿发生在中生代白垩纪。     

湘东北仁里-传梓源5号伟晶岩脉云母和长石成分的 演化与成矿作用的关系

5号稀有金属伟晶岩脉是仁里-传梓源矿区规模最大的伟晶岩脉,地表分带性良好。文章选取仁里5号脉深部钻孔开展矿物学研究,研究其深部的分带规律。根据对深部钻孔(ZK708)岩芯的矿物学特征研究认为,5号伟晶岩脉深部可划分为4个带:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ带。Ⅰ带主要为微斜长石和石英,典型特征为文象结构;Ⅱ带主要为微斜长石和钠长石;Ⅲ带主要为钠长石和白云母;Ⅳ带主要为钠长石和石榴子石。云母和长石的成分特征显示,从外带(Ⅰ、Ⅱ带)至内带(Ⅲ、Ⅳ带)云母由白云母系列逐渐向锂云母系列转变;由Ⅰ带→Ⅱ带→Ⅳ带→Ⅲ带,云母中的Li、F、Cs、Ta、Sn、Nb含量升高,Sr、Ba含量下降;钾长石的中Li、Rb、Cs呈现类似的上升趋势,指示伟晶岩分异演化程度升高。碱性长石中P的含量呈现出由Ⅰ～Ⅱ带略微降低,Ⅲ带升高而Ⅳ带呈略微降低的趋势,Ⅲ带内发育铌钽铁矿,表明P元素的升高可能与铌钽的富集密切相关。