The stable isotope signature of kilometre-scale fracturedominated metamorphic fluid pathways, Mary Kathleen, Australia

Abstract Large calcite veins and pods in the Proterozoic Corella Formation of the Mount Isa Inlier provide evidence for kilometre-scale fluid transport during amphibolite facies metamorphism. These 10- to 100-m-scale podiform veins and their surrounding alteration zones have similar oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios throughout the 200 × 10-km Mary Kathleen Fold Belt, despite the isotopic heterogeneity of the surrounding wallrocks. The fluids that formed the pods and veins were not in isotopic equilibrium with the immediately adjacent rocks. The pods have δ¹³C_calcite values of –2 to –7% and δ¹⁸O_calcite values of 10.5 to 12.5%. Away from the pods, metadolerite wallrocks have δ¹⁸O_whole-rock values of 3.5 to 7%. and unaltered banded calc-silicate and marble wallrocks have δ¹³C_calcite of –1.6 to –0.6%, and δ¹⁸O_calcite of 18 to 21%. In the alteration zones adjacent to the pods, the δ¹⁸O values of both metadolerite and calc-silicate rocks approach those of the pods. Large calcite pods hosted entirely in calc-silicates show little difference in isotopic composition from pods hosted entirely in metadolerite. Thus, 100- to 500-m-scale isotopic exchange with the surrounding metadolerites and calc-silicates does not explain the observation that the δ¹⁸O values of the pods are intermediate between these two rock types. Pods hosted in felsic metavolcanics and metasiltstones are also isotopically indistinguishable from those hosted in the dominant metadolerites and calc-silicates. These data suggest the veins are the product of infiltration of isotopically homogeneous fluids that were not derived from within the Corella Formation at the presently exposed crustal level, although some of the spread in the data may be due to a relatively small contribution from devolatilization reactions in the calc-silicates, or thermal fluctuations attending deformation and metamorphism. The overall L-shaped trend of the data on plots of δ¹³C vs. δ¹⁸O is most consistent with mixing of large volumes of externally derived fluids with small volumes of locally derived fluid produced by devolatilization of calc-silicate rocks. Localization of the vein systems in dilatant sites around metadolerite/calc-silicate boundaries indicates a strong structural control on fluid flow, and the stable isotope data suggest fluid migration must have occurred at scales greater than at least 1 km. The ultimate source for the external fluid is uncertain, but is probably fluid released from crystallizing melts derived from the lower crust or upper mantle. Intrusion of magmas below the exposed crustal level would also explain the high geothermal gradient calculated for the regional metamorphism.     

宁远保安地区基性─超基性火山岩基本特征

本文论述了保安地区火山岩的地质、岩石、副矿物、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素、火山岩相及火山机构等特征。并对其演化规律、形成机制与成矿作用的关系，作了初步探讨。     

辽西中生代火山岩岩浆成因——稀土元素配分及同位素定量模式

本文通过对辽西及邻区中生代盆地火山岩稀土元素配分特征的研究及模拟运算，探讨了其岩浆成因及过程。结果显示南北岩区岩浆成因不同，南岩区岩源为MORB地幔和长期富集型幔熔融混合而成，北岩区为MORB和近期亏损型地幔熔融混合而成。     

Composition of plagioclases in volcanic rocks of King George Island, Antarctica with reference to the petrogenetic significance

Plagioclases occur mainly as phenocrysts in volcanic rocks of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica. In basaltic andesites and andesites of Keller Peninsula and Ullman Spur (Admiralty Bay), they are high structure state labradorite-andesines; and in high-A1 basalts and basaltic andesites of Barton and Weaver peninsulas (Maxwell Bay), they are high structure state bytownite-anorthites.∑REE, La/Yb ratios and δEu values of plagioclases from Admiralty Bay are higher than those from Maxwell Bay. All plagioclases have rather identical chondritenormalized transitional element distribution patterns, probably reflecting that crystal structure rather than composition of plagioclase controls their diversity. Compositions of plagioclases depend chiefly on those of their host rocks, compositional differences of plagioclases reveal that basaltic magmas in the Admiralty Bay area are more evolved than in the Maxwell Bay area.     

海沟金矿区脉岩特征及其与金矿成矿关系

海沟金矿区脉岩发育,主要类型有闪长玢岩、次安山岩、徨绿岩、正长闪长玢岩,按其与矿脉穿切关系划分为矿脉就位前脉岩、就位后脉岩,它们的地球化学特征表明这些脉岩具有良好的同源演化关系,它们不仅与成矿具有密切的时空关系,而且为金矿成矿带来成矿流体和部分成矿物质.     

东天山晚古生代构造转折: 红山南-天木东地区岩浆岩年代学与地球化学的约束

东天山是中亚造山带的重要组成部分, 区内晚古生代岩浆活动与成矿作用强烈, 是理解中亚造山带构造演化与成矿作用的关键地区。然而, 前人对东天山构造带由俯冲向碰撞转变的时间和过程仍存在较大争议。本文对东天山红山南-天木东地区广泛出露的晚古生代岩浆岩开展了野外考察和岩相学鉴定, 进行了年代学和岩石地球化学分析, 以限定其形成时代、岩石成因和构造背景, 进而探讨晚古生代构造演化过程。红山南-天木东地区岩浆岩主要为早石炭世火山岩和侵入岩, 次为早二叠世侵入岩。早石炭世火山岩主要为安山岩(328.8±2.0Ma)和英安岩, 侵入岩主要为辉长闪长岩(328.7±1.8Ma); 早二叠世侵入岩为黑云母二长花岗岩(290.3±2.1Ma)和石英闪长岩(290.0±1.6Ma)。早石炭世岩浆岩富含角闪石和斜长石, 为钙碱性, 准铝质系列, 富Rb、Ba、Th、U和Pb等大离子亲石元素, 亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素, 具有岛弧岩浆岩特征, 是交代地幔楔部分熔融的产物。相对于早石炭世岩浆岩, 早二叠世侵入岩富含黑云母和碱性长石, 富集SiO₂、Na₂O和K₂O, 贫Al₂O₃、MgO、Fe₂O₃^T及CaO, 同位素更亏损, 为碰撞后背景下新生加厚地壳部分熔融的产物。总之, 红山南-天木东地区的早石炭世与早二叠世岩浆岩地球化学差异显著, 指示东天山构造背景从早石炭世大洋俯冲体制转变为早二叠世碰撞后造山体制, 即其构造转折时间为晚石炭世-早二叠世。

     

对雅鲁藏布江结合带形成演化的再探讨

通过1∶5万区域地质调查和收集相关资料的综合研究,本文对雅鲁藏布江结合带的形成演化作了进一步的探讨。雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋具有弧后扩张洋盆的性质,在早三叠世至中三叠世中期洋盆初步形成,中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世洋盆全面形成,从早侏罗世至晚白垩世洋盆逐步萎缩,到古新世至始新世关闭。南带的蛇绿岩主要为洋中脊扩张型(MORB型),形成于中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世。北带的蛇绿岩主要为与洋内俯冲相关的俯冲带上盘型(SSZ型),形成于早中侏罗世。带内侏罗纪至白垩纪其他岩浆岩主要为前弧玄武岩类(FAB型)。显示雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋从早侏罗世开始发生了洋内俯冲,并同步向北向冈底斯带之下主动俯冲消减和向南向喜马拉雅地块之下被动俯冲消减,持续发展到晚白垩世,在古新世至始新世俯冲碰撞消亡转化为结合带。     

新疆喀拉通克Y1含矿岩体的岩石化学特征及其与成矿的关系

喀拉通克Ｙ１含矿岩体岩石类型属铁质基性岩类,岩体为单式岩体,具富镁、铁、碱、低钙贫铝的特点。组成岩体的各岩相是同一母岩浆结晶分异的产物。原始岩浆为来自上地幔的拉斑玄武岩浆。岩体锶初始比值约为０．７０３３,形成时代约为２９１Ｍａ。在岩浆结晶分异作用下,氧化物组分的变化使硫化物熔浆与硅酸盐熔浆发生分离,并在重力作用下聚积形成铜镍硫化物富矿。     

Origin and depositional environments of source rocks and crude oils from Niger Delta Basin: Carbon isotopic evidence

Thirty-nine crude oils and twenty-one rock samples from Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria have been characterized based on their isotope compositions by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The bulk carbon isotopic values of the whole rock extracts, saturate and aromatic fractions range from –28.7‰ to –26.8‰, –29.2‰ to –27.2 ‰ and –28.5 ‰ to –26.7 ‰, respectively while the bulk carbon isotopic values of the whole oils, saturate and aromatic fractions range from –25.4 ‰ to –27.8 ‰, –25.9 ‰ to –28.4 ‰ and –23.5 ‰ to –26.9 ‰, respectively. The average carbon isotopic compositions of individual alkanes (nC₁₂-nC₃₃) in the rock samples range from –34.9‰ to –28.2‰ whereas the average isotopic values of individual n-alkanes in the oils range from –31.1‰ to –23.8‰. The δ¹³C isotope ratios of pristane and phytane in the rock samples range from –29.2 ‰ to –28.2 ‰ and –30.2 ‰ to –27.4 ‰ respectively while the pristane and phytane isotopic values range from –32.1‰ to –21.9‰ and –30.5‰ to –26.9‰, respectively. The isotopic values recorded for the samples indicated that the crude oils were formed from the mixed input of terrigenous and marine organic matter and deposited under oxic to sub-oxic condition in lacustrine-fluvial/deltaic environments. The stable carbon isotopic compositions were found to be effective in assessing the origin and depositional environments of crude oils in the Niger Delta Basin.