全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24438篇 |
免费 | 4225篇 |
国内免费 | 6409篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4617篇 |
大气科学 | 4695篇 |
地球物理 | 5778篇 |
地质学 | 10690篇 |
海洋学 | 3505篇 |
天文学 | 243篇 |
综合类 | 1996篇 |
自然地理 | 3548篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 159篇 |
2023年 | 426篇 |
2022年 | 894篇 |
2021年 | 1067篇 |
2020年 | 1227篇 |
2019年 | 1345篇 |
2018年 | 1124篇 |
2017年 | 1300篇 |
2016年 | 1425篇 |
2015年 | 1531篇 |
2014年 | 1591篇 |
2013年 | 1815篇 |
2012年 | 1672篇 |
2011年 | 1673篇 |
2010年 | 1358篇 |
2009年 | 1519篇 |
2008年 | 1524篇 |
2007年 | 1584篇 |
2006年 | 1508篇 |
2005年 | 1347篇 |
2004年 | 1188篇 |
2003年 | 1018篇 |
2002年 | 950篇 |
2001年 | 793篇 |
2000年 | 738篇 |
1999年 | 663篇 |
1998年 | 614篇 |
1997年 | 530篇 |
1996年 | 472篇 |
1995年 | 431篇 |
1994年 | 389篇 |
1993年 | 326篇 |
1992年 | 197篇 |
1991年 | 173篇 |
1990年 | 120篇 |
1989年 | 88篇 |
1988年 | 94篇 |
1987年 | 62篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
A new three-dimensional, non-hydrostatic free surface flow model is presented. For simulating water wave motions over uneven bottoms, the model employs an explicit project method on a Cartesian the staggered gird system to solve the complete three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. A bi-conjugated gradient method with a pre-conditioning procedure is used to solve the resulting matrix system. The model is capable of resolving non-hydrostatic pressure by incorporating the integral method of the top-layer pressure treatment, and predicting wave propagation and interaction over irregular bottom by including a partial bottom-cell treatment. Four examples of surface wave propagation are used to demonstrate the capability of the model. Using a small of vertical layers (e.g. 2–3 layers), it is shown that the model could effectively and accurately resolve wave shoaling, non-linearity, dispersion, fission, refraction, and diffraction phenomena. 相似文献
52.
Interannual variability in Nordic seas primary production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
53.
A finite element model is set up and experimental tests are performed to help understand the behavior of a concrete canoe and subsequently optimize its design. First, the performance criteria that must be satisfied to participate at the annual ASCE/Master Builders competition are described. Then, the finite element model and the different loading cases that were studied are presented. Results from these loading cases are discussed and used to optimize the material properties as well as the thickness of the hull and the dimensions of the gunwale and reinforcing ribs. Static and dynamic experimental tests were also conducted to validate the results of the finite element analyses. The results indicate that the main stresses and strains are caused by the static load cases. The additional stresses caused during races are small. 相似文献
54.
Full-range equation covering all the flow regimes in a wave boundary layer is proposed for the boundary layer thickness. The results are compared with the available experimental data and good agreement has been found. In case of wave boundary layers, there are three definitions of boundary layer thickness in use. Therefore, the full-range equation is derived for three of the definitions. The findings of this study may be useful in calculating suspended sediment transport in coastal environments and studying wave–current combined motion. 相似文献
55.
The recent sea-ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean is not spatially uniform, but is disproportionally large around the Northwind
Ridge and Chukchi Plateau compared to elsewhere in the Canada Basin. In the Northwind Ridge region, Pacific Summer Water (PSW)
delivered from the Bering Sea occupies the subsurface layer. The spatial distribution of warm PSW shows a quite similar pattern
to the recent ice retreat, suggesting the influence of PSW on the sea-ice reduction. To understand the regionality of the
recent ice retreat, we examine the dynamics and timing of the delivery of the PSW into this region. Here, we adopt a two-layer
linearized potential vorticity equation to investigate the behavior of Rossby waves in the presence of a topographic discontinuity
in the high latitude ocean. The analytical results show a quite different structure from those of mid-latitude basins due
to the small value of β. Incident barotropic waves excited by the sea-ice motion with large annual variation can be scattered
into both barotropic and baroclinic modes at the discontinuity. Since the scattered baroclinic Rossby wave with annual frequency
cannot propagate freely, a strong baroclinic current near the topographic discontinuity is established. The seasonal variation
of current near the topographic discontinuity would cause a kind of selective switching system for shelf water transport into
the basin. In our simple analytical model, the enhanced northward transport of summer water and reduced northward transport
of winter water are well demonstrated. The present study indicates that these basic dynamics imply that a strengthening of
the surface forcing during winter in the Canada Basin could cause sea-ice reduction in the Western Arctic through the changes
of underlying Pacific Summer Water. 相似文献
56.
57.
The construction of reservoir models is frustrated by the fact that core and well cover only a fraction of the reservoir volume and it is therefore difficult to determine features like facies shape, -size, and -distribution, inter- and intra-facies boundaries and lateral trends from them. These features are, however, critical to fluid flow and they should necessarily be incorporated in the reservoir model and we therefore propose to systematically describe geometry and distribution of facies. To this end we make use of “standard facies models” that a priori contain all elements and boundaries of facies for a number of typical depositional environments. 相似文献
58.
JGOFS has revealed the importance of marine biological activity to the global carbon cycle. Ecological models are valuable tools for improving our understanding of biogeochemical cycles. Through a series of workshops, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) developed NEMURO (North Pacific Ecosystem Model Understanding Regional Oceanography) a model, specifically designed to simulate the lower trophic ecosystem in the North Pacific Ocean. Its ability to simulate vertical fluxes generated by biological activities has not yet been validated. Here compare NEMURO with several other lower trophic level models of the northern North Pacific. The different ecosystem models are each embedded in a common three-dimensional physical model, and the simulated vertical flux of POM and the biomass of phytoplankton are compared. The models compared are: (1) NEMURO, (2) the Kishi and Nakata Model (Kishi et al., 1981), (3) KKYS (Kawamiya et al., 1995, 2000a, 2000b), and (4) the Denman model (Denman and Peña, 2002). With simple NPZD models, it is difficult to describe the production of POM (Particulate Organic Matter) and hence the simulations of vertical flux are poor. However, if the parameters are properly defined, the primary production can be well reproduced, even though none of models we used here includes iron limitation effects. On the whole, NEMURO gave a satisfactory simulation of the vertical flux of POM in the northern North Pacific. 相似文献
59.
60.
Toward a generic method for studying water renewal, with application to the epilimnion of Lake Tanganyika 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Olivier Gourgue Eric Deleersnijder Laurent White 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):628
We present a method, based on the concept of age and residence time, to study the water renewal in a semi-enclosed domain. We split the water of this domain into different water types. The initial water is the water initially present in the semi-enclosed domain. The renewing water is defined as the water entering the domain of interest. Several renewing water types may be considered depending on their origin. We present the equations for computing the age and the residence time of a certain water type. These timescales are of use to understand the rate at which the water renewal takes place. Computing these timescales can be achieved at an acceptable extra computer cost.The above-mentioned method is applied to study the renewal of epilimnion (i.e. the surface layer) water in Lake Tanganyika. We have built a finite element reduced-gravity model modified to take into account the water exchange between the epilimnion and the hypolimnion (i.e. the bottom layer), the water supply from precipitation and incoming rivers, and the water loss from evaporation and the only outgoing river. With our water renewal diagnoses, we show that the only significant process in the renewal of epilimnion water in Lake Tanganyika is the water exchange between the epilimnion and the hypolimnion, other phenomena being negligible. 相似文献