对中国大陆区域地磁场提取的认识

本文从球谐函数理论的物理含义、中国地磁数据的分布情况及实际计算结果的分析,提出对当前用球谐函数拟合法提取中国大陆区域地磁异常的几点认识。     

东北三省城市扩展及植被覆盖状况

基于三期遥感影像数据( MSS、ETM、CBERS) 对城市建成区的面积进行了调查,研究30 多年来东北三省城市的扩展情况,并且结合NDVI 数据,对研究区范围内的植被覆盖情况进行了研究。结果表明: 1976-2000 年、2000-2007 年两个阶段,城市建成区的面积持续增加,年均扩展率由 5. 10%增加至6. 32%,扩展强度比较显著的区域主要分布在哈大交通经济带上; 研究区范围内东部的植被覆盖情况明显好于西部,NDVI 均值随与城市距离的增加而提高。     

存在流体介质夹层时瑞利波频散曲线的完整求解

应用介质分界面上位移应力连续性的变化关系,采用δ矩阵法和固体层状介质中的瑞利波频散方程,推导了含流体介质夹层情况下瑞利波的频散方程。利用推导的频散方程对理论模型进行模拟计算,并与以往文献计算方法进行比较,模拟结果吻合较好,验证了公式的正确性;同时,模拟计算结果也说明了本文公式的普遍适用性和计算结果的完整性。根据文中对4个理论模型的模拟结果来看,与固体层状介质的情况相比,当存在流体夹层时,瑞利波频散曲线模式中多出了一个文中定义的0阶模式,在今后的多道瞬态瑞利波法应用中,应该可以将其看成是流体介质夹层存在的标志性曲线。     

Seasonality change and the third millennium BP rainforest crisis in southern Cameroon (Central Africa)

The third millennium BP crisis of the central African rainforest is not sufficiently understood. The low resolution of most pollen profiles and a large plateau of the calibration curve aggravate the exact dating of the event, and its causal climatic parameters are debated. We present a high-resolution pollen profile from the swamp site Nyabessan in the southern Cameroonian rainforest, covering the period 3100-2300 cal yr BP. Between 3100 and 2500 cal yr BP, the climate was favourable for a regional evergreen forest with Caesalpiniaceae and Lophira and a local Raphia swamp forest. Around 2500/2400 cal yr BP, a significant decrease of mature forest and swamp forest taxa and an increase of pioneers indicate that the rain forest was seriously disturbed and replaced by secondary formations. The dominance of Trema orientalis, a pioneer well adapted to seasonal desiccation, points to a much more accentuated seasonality after 2500 cal yr BP, which seems to be linked to a southwards shift of the ITCZ during the northern hemisphere winter months. We propose that the rain forest crisis between 2500 and 2200 cal BP created favourable conditions for farming and paved the way for a major expansion of Bantu speaking populations.     

纯球坐标系内各项重力校正值计算方案和计算过程

在国内,首次阐述了"纯球坐标系内各项重力校正值的计算方案和计算过程".该计算方案有如下优点:①以观测点P为中心,以球面距离am=am-1+Δa·bm-1(m=2,3,...,M)为半径将计算区划分为M个环带,再以Δλ0为由P点出发射线的角度间隔将所有环带等分为N (整数)份的计算区划分方案是最严密拼接,因而校正值的计算精度相当高.②在地形复杂和相对高差大的情况下,通过减小Δa、b和Δλ0 数值,可进一步提高计算精度.③可以直接采用带有经、纬度坐标的高程数据,进行大面积测区的各项重力校正值计算,而不受6°带和标准图幅限制.     

自转微椭、非均匀地球的潮汐变形

鉴于当前国际上关于自转微椭、非均匀地球（ＳＲＥＨＩ）的固体潮汐响应的结果之间存在明显分歧,特别是Ｌｏｖｅ数ｋ及重力潮汐因子δ对纬度的依赖情况截然不同,本文借助于摄动法与张量正则分量的广义球谐展开建立起来的侧向非均匀、自转微椭、粘弹地球的潮汐模拟理论,计算了ＳＲＥＨＩ地球的潮汐形变及相应的引力位变化．结果表明,描述径向位移的Ｌｏｖｅ数的纬度依赖部分系数ｈ＋与球对称部分ｈ０＋δｈ０之比不大于１．０‰;对Ｏ１波为０．２７‰;对Ｍ2波为０．１９‰;对Ｍ3波为０．４９‰;对Ｍ4波为０．８８‰．描述地球引力位变化的Ｌｏｖｅ数的纬度依赖部分系数ｋ＋与球对称部分ｋ０＋δｋ０之比小于３．０‰;对Ｏ１波为２．６７‰;对Ｍ２波为１．８９‰;对Ｍ３波为２．２４‰;对Ｍ４波为２．７０‰．     

导管架式海上风力发电支撑结构振型扩阶方法

提出1种适用于海上风力发电支撑结构的模态振型扩阶方法。该方法无需借助转换矩阵实现振型扩阶,而是依靠实测模态并通过修正有限元模型对应振型在未测试自由度的振型值而获得空间完备的模态振型,并且所发展的方法在一定程度上可以忽略有限元模型存在的建模误差,是1种直接的估算方法,计算效率相对较高。文中采用三桩导管架式海上风力发电支撑结构验证提出方法的正确性以及在低阶模态振型扩阶上的优越性。数值结果表明,该方法对传感器位置、数量依赖程度低,尤其对于海上风电结构,仅在结构的水深较浅部位布置少数传感器即可比较精确的实现低阶模态振型扩阶,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

A three-dimensional wave field over a bidirectionally periodic ripple bottom

For gravity wave trains propagating over an arbitrary wavy bottom, a perturbation expansion is developed to the second order so that the Bragg resonance effect of the ripple bottom on the free-surface wave can be analyzed. Both the resonant and non-resonant cases are treated and the singular behavior at resonance is avoided. This theory is successfully verified by reducing to simpler situations. Then, the analytical results for the special case of a unidirectional sinusoidal bottom are compared with experimental data for validation.     

GOCE Gravity Field Processing Strategy

A processing strategy and the corresponding software architecture for the processing of GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) observables is presented and described, with the major objective to compute a high-accuracy, high-resolution spherical harmonic model of the Earth's gravity field. The combination of two numerical solution strategies, i.e. the rigorous solution of the corresponding large normal equation systems applying parallel processing (on a PC cluster) as the core solver, and the fast semianalytic approach as a quick-look gravity field analysis (QL-GFA) tool, is proposed. Such a method fusion benefits from the advantages of the individual components: the rigorous inversion of the system providing also the full variance-covariance information, and the quickness enabling the consecutive production of intermediate gravity field solutions, for the purpose to analyse partial and incomplete data sets and to derive a diagnosis of the performance of the GOCE measurement system. The functionality and operability of the individual components are demonstrated in the framework of a closed loop simulation, which is based on a realistic mission scenario both in terms of the orbit configuration and the coloured measuring noise. Special concern is given to the accuracy of the recovered coefficients, the numerical behaviour, the required computing time, and the particular role of the individual modules within the processing chain. In the case of the core solver, it is demonstrated that the assembling and rigorous solution of large normal equation systems can be handled by using Beowulf clusters within a reasonable computing time. The application of the quick-look tool to partial data sets with short-term data gaps is demonstrated on the basis of several case studies. Additionally, the spectral analysis of the residuals of the adjustment is presented as a valuable tool for the verification of the noise characteristics of the GOCE gradiometer.     

宁夏及邻区地震活动能量场时空变化特征

运用随机函数理论,将宁夏及邻区地震活动能量场看作时间和空间的随机函数,用自然正交函数展开方法,系统研究宁夏及邻区主要典型能量场的时间权重系数变化曲线以及典型能量场的空间等值线图。结果发现,目标曲线较大幅度的升、降变化预示了可能发生中强地震的时间段,而等值线图的高值变化（危险区）对应了可能发生中强地震的区域。