A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits

Stem wood of the Angiosperm Calluna vulgaris (Scotch heather), isolated at different depths from a selection of raised bog peat deposits, was chemically characterized using in-source pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) and Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). Light microscopy was performed to relate mass spectrometric characteristics with anatomical features. Peatified wood samples, isolated from increasing depth show a gradual decrease in carbohydrate content. This decrease in anatomically reflected in a selective removal of secondary cell wall material from the fibre-tracheids and wood parenchyma. During prolonged peatification a selective removal of hemicellulose sugars is observed, while a part of the cellulose fraction is preserved. This highly resistant cellulose is mainly located in the secondary cell walls of the vessels. The lignin macromolecule is preserved, but a gradual decrease in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) is observed during peatification. Because no increase in catechol and phenolic compounds is observed, we conclude that S/G shifts are due to removal the of syringyl-rich secondary cell wall material and the retention of guaiacyl-rich compound middle lamella. Small chemical changes in the lignin macromolecule involve shifts in oxygen substitutions on the aliphatic side chains of the methoxyphenolics and the occurrence of aromatic acids.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高铁三水铝土矿中的主量和次量元素

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法,同时测定高铁三水铝土矿中的Si、Fe、Al、Ti、Mn、V、As、P等元素。对影响其光谱测量的各种因素进行了较为详细的研究,确定了最佳的试验测定条件。结果表明,该方法的检出限为0.0012-0.061μg/mL,回收率为95.4%-107.4%,主量元素相对标准偏差在1%-3%之间,次量元素相对标准偏差在2%-6%之间。该方法准确、快速、简便,应用于高铁三水铝土矿的测定,结果令人满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中银含量的测量不确定度评定

采用《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》，以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中的银含量为例，对测量结果进行不确定度评定。分析了不确定度的重要来源，包括称样质量、标准工作溶液、工作曲线拟合、试液定容体积及测量重复性等引入的不确定度分量组成。对各不确定度分量进行分析计算，求得标准不确定度为1．56，扩展不确定度为3．12。     

原子荧光光谱分析环境样品中砷锑铋汞易出现的问题及解决方法

针对原子荧光光谱法测试砷锑铋汞中易出现的仪器空白不稳定、样品制备及仪器污染等问题，总结出相应的解决方法。     

氯化钠存在下氯化亚锡—罗丹明B—水体系浮选分离铱

研究了Ir（Ⅲ）在NaCl存在下SnCl2－罗丹明B－水体系中的浮选行为，在1.0mol/L HCl介质中，Ir（Ⅲ）与Pd,Pt,Rh,Au同时被浮选，Ir（Ⅲ）的浮选率为99.2％，并与常见贱金属离子分离，被浮选分离的Ir可采用原子吸收法测定，结果与火试金分离富集法相符。精密度试验，相对标准偏差（RSD，n＝5）＜3％。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定黄铁矿中微量元素

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法检测了黄铁矿中Cd,Co,Cu,Mn,Pb,Zn和Ni。用干扰系数校正法消除黄铁矿中铁对上述元素的干扰，采用HCl-HNO3体系溶解矿样，不需化学分离，直接测定。方法已应用于国家标准物质GBW07267的测定。结果与标准值相符，相对标准偏差（n=8)为1.5%-7.3%。     

Use of high spectral resolution remote sensing to determine leaf palatability of eucalypt trees for folivorous marsupials

In this study we assess the feasibility of remotely measuring canopy biochemistry, and thus the potential for conducting large-scale mapping of habitat quality. A number of studies have found nutrient composition of eucalypt foliage to be a major determinant of the distribution of folivorous marsupials. More recently it has been demonstrated that a specific group of secondary plant chemicals, the diformylphloroglucinols (DFPs), are the most important feeding deterrents, and are thus vital determinants of habitat quality. We report on the use of laboratory spectroscopy to attempt to identify one such DFP, sideroxylonal-A, in the foliage of Eucalyptus melliodora, one of the few eucalypt species browsed by folivorous marsupials. Reflectance spectra were obtained for freeze-dried, ground leaves using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and for both oven-dried and fresh whole leaves using a laboratory-based (FieldSpec) spectroradiometer. Modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression was used to develop calibration equations for sideroxylonal-A concentration based on the reflectance spectra transformed as both the first and second difference of absorbance (Log 1/R). The predictive ability of the calibration equations was assessed using the standard error of calibration statistic (SECV). Coefficients of determination (r²) were highest for the ground leaf spectra (0.98), followed by the fresh leaf and dry leaf spectra (0.94 and 0.87, respectively). When applied to independent validation sub-sets, sideroxylonal-A was most accurately predicted from the ground leaf spectra (r² = 0.94), followed by the dry leaf and fresh leaf spectra (0.72 and 0.53, respectively). Two spectral regions, centred on 674 nm and 1394 nm, were found to be highly correlated with sideroxylonal-A concentration for each of the three spectral data sets studied. Results from this study suggest that calibration equations derived from modified partial least squares regression may be used to predict sideroxylonal-A concentration, and hence leaf palatability, of Eucalyptus melliodora trees, thereby indicating that the remote estimation of habitat quality of eucalypt forests for marsupial folivores is feasible.     

地幔流体及其成矿作用

高灵敏度、高精密度、低检出限、多元素同时检测并可提供同位素组成比值信息的等离子体质谱与高空间分辨率的紫外激光采样技术结合 ,可定量地测定单个流体包裹体中常、微量元素含量 ,为成矿流体的研究提供了一个新的研究手段。文中简要地介绍了激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱 (LA ICP MS)分析仪器的发展 ,结合实验室的研究工作 ,就激光剥蚀池的设计、单个流体包裹体的剥蚀方法、元素的分馏效率、定量校正技术及其在成矿成因物理化学机制研究中的应用等进行评述 ,并阐述单个流体包裹体元素组成的LA ICP MS分析技术存在的局限和发展趋势。     

氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定煤样中的硒

采用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定了煤样中的总Se。煤样选用高压闷罐强酸消解的方法进行处理，所得消解液经6mol/L HCl将Se（Ⅵ）还原为Se（Ⅳ），然后进行测定。标准工作曲线的线性范围为0－400μg/L Se，检测限为0.4μg/L Se。用标准参考物质煤飞灰对方法进行了验证，所得总Se含量与标准值相符，对ω为10^-6级Se的4次测定，RSD≤4.5％。     

高频燃烧—红外碳硫仪测定地质样品中的碳和硫

应用HIR-944B型高频-红外碳硫分析仪,对不同地质样品中碳、硫的测定进行了研究,称样30～60mg,加入0.4g纯铁屑及1.7g钨粒助熔剂,高温燃烧分解试样,红外检测,可定量地质样品中质量为0～O.9mg的硫及质量为0～15mg的碳.用该仪器测定地质标样中碳、硫的结果与标准值符合,碳和硫11次测定的RSD分别是＜2.6%和＜3.0%.