锍镍试金富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定黑色页岩中的铂族元素

黑色页岩中碳、硫、镍等元素的含量很高,按照常规的锍镍试金熔剂配方不能形成较好的锍扣,影响铂族元素准确定值。本文通过调整试剂配方、优化操作流程等方式建立了黑色页岩中铂族元素的锍镍试金-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定方法。结果表明,加入适量硝酸钾可以将铂族元素回收率提高了大约10%。用盐酸溶解锍扣之后,溶液中仍然存在大量黑色沉淀,不易过滤和溶解,趁热在不断搅拌下加入2～3 mL三氯化铁溶液可以在很大程度上减少沉淀量,降低实验操作的难度和不确定性。方法检出限Ru为0.054 ng/g,Rh为0.040 ng/g,Pd为0.40 ng/g,Ir为0.032 ng/g,Pt为0.27 ng/g,Os为0.026 ng/g。精密度和准确度试验表明,该方法稳定可靠,可用于黑色页岩中铂族元素的准确测定。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定高铝粘土中主成分方法研究

使用日本理学ZSX PrimusⅡ型X射线荧光光谱仪,采用熔融玻璃片和经验系数进行基体校正的方法,对我室6件国家标准物质、4件监控样以及用标样和纯值试剂配制的21件混合标准进行组分测定。分析结果表明,此方法能快速、准确测定高铝粘土中主成分Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、TiO2,其准确度和精密度均能达到国家标准方法规定的要求。     

标准加入原子吸收光谱法测定造币液中微量铁

用标准加入火焰原子吸收法测定造币液中微量铁,极高含量的镍的化学干扰的影响被消除,利用塞曼效应扣背景,镍等基体的背景影响亦被扣除。镍量在50g/L以下时,11mg/L以下铁的标准曲线具有良好的线性,且都经过坐标原点。方法检出限(3S)为0.14mg/L,最大加标量为6mg/L时,测定范围为0.28-5mg/L。样品分析的加标曲线的相关系数为0.99956～0.99994,相对标准偏差为0.94～2.23％,方法准确可靠。     

U-Pb Zircon Geochronology with an Integrated LA-ICP-MS Microanalytical Workstation: Achievements in Precision and Accuracy

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a microanalytical tool especially suitable for providing fast and precise U-Pb geochronological results on zircon grains. A new 193 nm excimer laser adapted to a micromachining workstation, equipped with a newly designed two-volume ablation cell and coupled with a quadrupole ICP-MS, is presented here. The system was tuned routinely to achieve sensitivities in the range of 3000 cps/μg g⁻¹ for ²³⁸U (< 2% RSD), with a 34 μm spot size, at 5 Hz and ∼ 8 J cm⁻², while ablating the NIST SRM 612 glass reference material. The system was capable of providing fast (< 1.5 minutes each analysis) and precise (generally < 1.5% 1s errors) ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U zircon ages. The ages of widely used reference material zircons (Plesovice, 337 Ma; Temora, 416 Ma; R33, 418 Ma; Sri Lanka, 564 Ma; 91500, 1065 Ma) could be precisely matched, with an accuracy on isotopic ratios that ranged from ∼ 2 to ∼ 6%, depending on the homogeneity of the natural reference materials.     

两个大洋多金属结核标准物质中27种元素的等离子体质谱法测定

从样品制备、仪器操作参数最佳化、内标补偿等几方面着手,利用两个标准物质(GSPN-2,GSPN-3)发展了大洋多金属结核中27种元素的等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定方法.这27种元素包括Ba,Ce,Co,Cu,Dy,Er,Eu,Gd,Ho,La,Li,Lu,Mo,Nd,Pr,Sb,Sc,Sm,Tb,Th,Tm,U,V,W,Y,Yb和Zn.各元素测定值与保证值相当吻合.对GSPN-2和GSPN-3,Ba,Sb,Sc,Y,Zn等5种元素可用外标校准法准确测定,其平均回收率(n=3)在91.4%～106.9%之间;可用内标(103Rh)校准法准确测定其他22种元素,其平均回收率(n=3)在89.4%～110.2%之间;各元素3次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.0%～11.0%.     

大气粉尘气溶胶中铁氧化物的光谱分析

首次利用浸反射光谱装置（DRS）对中国大气粉法气溶胶中铁氧化物进行了研究，结果表明，在可见光范围，粉尘样品反射光谱的一阶导数曲线，在435nm和560nm对样品中的针铁矿和赤铁矿有识别指示意义，样品中铁的含量与赤铁矿和针铁矿的一阶导数峰值相关性良好，同时发现，红、登、黄3种颜色的反射率随样品中铁含量的增加而增加，而紫、绿、蓝3种颜色的反射率随样品中铁含量的增加而减少，这表明铁氧化在粉尘气溶胶对可见光的散射和吸收效应中扮演着重要的角色。     

近红外光谱识别模拟海面溢油

对模拟溢油的石油类样品进行近红外光谱检测并进行了主成分分析,以主成分得分作为聚类的特征变量进行模糊聚类,采用近红外光谱测量结合主成分分析和模糊聚类法快速识别模拟溢油种类,并建立了样品聚类与识别模型。采用此模型对柴油、汽油和润滑油等334个与海水体积分数≥4∶10 000的模拟溢油样品进行了准确快速的分类和识别,为近红外光谱技术判别实际溢油样品提供了科学依据。     

六极杆碰撞池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋沉积物中的钒和铬

采用带六极杆碰撞池技术(CCT)的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定了海洋沉积物中的钒和铬。在六极杆碰撞池中引入He/NH3(99/1)混合气,有效地减轻了多原子离子(ClO+,ClN+,ClOH+,ClNH+等)对钒、铬测定的干扰,降低了方法的检出限。对He/NH3混合气的流量及ICP-MS的测定条件进行了最佳化选择。方法对钒和铬的检出限(3σ)分别为0.035μg·g-1和0.083μg·g-1(稀释因子1000),12份样品测定的相对标准偏差均小于5%。方法经海洋沉积物国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与标准推荐值吻合。     

Advanced characterization of marine dissolved organic matter by combining reversed-phase liquid chromatography and FT-ICR-MS

Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) was separated by reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography method and analyzed with fluorescence/absorption detection and Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The three key characteristics of the RP method are: (a) The C18-RP column chosen provides enhanced separation when the aqueous phase is 100% buffer-free water, and it does not degrade over time; (b) the water eluent adjusted to pH 7 significantly improves the resolution of water soluble compounds; (c) the initial flow maintained at low levels improves the separation of polar compounds. In samples, containing “fresh” DOM, specific peaks were detected, which were absent in “old” DOM samples. The combination with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) also demonstrated the relation between polarity and molecular size of DOM. FT-ICR-MS was applied to evaluate the quality of separation on a molecular scale demonstrating that physico-chemical characteristics of DOM can be related to molecular formulas. Sample extracts were separated into 4 preparative fractions, and a large suite of the identified molecular formulas only occurred in specific fractions. This is an important basis for the application of further analytical techniques in order to perform a more target-oriented analysis aiming at the determination of source and process biomarkers for DOM.     

Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides extracted from Grateloupia livida (Harv.) Yamada

Polysaccharides were extracted from Grateloupia livida(Harv.) Yamada using hot water(extracted product denoted WGW) and then degraded in dilute sulfuric acid(degraded product denoted WGWD). The degraded mixture was then separated into four fractions through anion exchange chromatography on 2-diethylaminoethanol(DEAE)-Bio-Gel Agarose FF gel. Electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry(ESI-CID-MS/MS) was performed to elucidate the structural features of all fractions. In combination with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)and infrared spectroscopy(IR) data, the major polysaccharide structures were concluded to be μ-carrageenan and κ-carrageenan. μ-Carrageenan usually has a backbone of alternating 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranose residues sulfated at C-4 and 1,4-linked a-D-galactopyranose residues sulfated at C-6, while κ-carrageenan consists of alternating 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranose residues sulfated at C-4 and 1,4-linked a-D-3,6-anhydrogalactopyranose residues. Trace v-carrageenan, composed of 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranose residues sulfated at C-4 and 1,4-linked a-D-galactopyranose residues sulfated at C-2 and C-6, was also detected. Furthermore, the polysaccharide had a backbone comprising 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranose and1,4-linked α-L-galactopyranose sulfated at C-6, which is the agarose precursor. The hydroxy groups in the galactopyranose were partially substituted by methyl and pyruvic acid acetal(PA) groups. The anticomplementary activities of WGW and its derivatives against classical pathways were measured. The native polysaccharides in WGW had higher activities, while the derivatives had much weaker activities. This indicated that the molecular weight and sulfate content were important factors affecting the anti-complement activity.