基于改进线性光谱解混和 SCS-CN 模型的广州主城区降雨产流模拟

城市降雨产流特征的定量研究对于城市雨水资源开发利用、科学规划和管理具有十分重要的意义。以广州市主城区为研究对象,提出一种改进的线性光谱解混方法提取遥感影像的不透水面、植被和土壤盖度,并结合SCS-CN 产流模型进行城区降雨径流模拟。首先利用线性光谱解混方法提取 2015-10-18 Landsat 8 OLI 遥感影像的不透水面、植被和土壤盖度;然后利用归一化建筑物指数和归一化植被指数进一步优化解混结果;最后结合优化的不透水面、植被和土壤盖度计算合成的 CN 值,并应用 SCS-CN 产流模型分析研究区在不同降雨重现期的降雨产流分布特征。结果表明：改进的线性光谱解混方法能较好地提高不透水面、植被和土壤盖度的提取精度;不透水面盖度越高的区域,CN 值越高;CN 值对地表径流深模拟有显著的影响;在不同重现期降雨条件下,研究区地表径流深空间分布格局差异显著;总体上,降雨量越大,不透水面盖度越高,形成的地表径流深越深,内涝发生的可能性越大。     

岩溶隧道突涌水危险性评价的属性识别模型及其工程应用

岩溶突涌水是岩溶地区隧道建设中的主要地质灾害之一,为有效控制岩溶隧道突水涌泥风险、确保隧道建设安全,基于属性数学理论建立了岩溶隧道突涌水危险性评价的属性识别模型。首先,根据隧址区岩溶水文地质及工程地质条件,选取地层岩性、不良地质、地下水位、地形地貌、岩层产状、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带及层间与层间裂隙等作为属性评价的一级指标,其中不良地质情况分为含水构造、岩溶水系统和断层破碎带3个二级指标。通过对典型岩溶隧道突涌水实例的系统收集与整理分析,采用频数统计法确定一级评价指标所占权重;采用层次分析法构造判断矩阵确定二级评价指标的权重;其次,对评价指标进行属性测度分析,通过构建各评价指标的属性测度函数以计算单指标属性测度及样本综合属性测度;最后应用置信度准则对隧道突涌水危险性进行属性识别。在工程应用中,采用建立的属性识别模型对三峡翻坝高速公路鸡公岭隧道突涌水危险性进行评价,评价结果与现场施工情况吻合较好,为岩溶隧道突涌水危险性评价提供了一种有效途径。     

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组米兰科维奇旋回及高频层序

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组形成于中二叠世中晚期。通过分析四川盆地中二叠统茅口组露头剖面岩性特征、对比广元上寺长江沟露头剖面碳氧同位素变化趋势与沉积层序发育特征,将茅口组划分为2个可全盆地追踪的Ⅱ型三级层序,并分析了茅口组三级层序的主控因素。在此基础上,对钻穿中二叠统茅口组典型井的自然伽马能谱测井曲线开展频谱分析,识别出多种具有米兰科维奇旋回特征的高频旋回,并计算出茅口组沉积的平均速率及沉积时限等相关参数。最后,采用数字滤波消除掉其他次要旋回因素的影响而仅保留与主控因素相关的旋回信息,建立茅口组的高频层序划分方案。结果表明,茅口组三级层序在形成过程中主要受控于构造升降及全球海平面变化;茅口组米兰科维奇旋回特征明显,其中长偏心率旋回(413.0 ka)和短偏心率旋回(123.0 ka)分别是形成四级层序(准层序组)和五级层序(准层序)的主控因素,与之对应的平均旋回厚度在龙17井区分别为13.44m和4.31m,在安平1井区分别为16.03m和4.68m;茅口组大约发育15个四级层序,其发育时限大约为6.11Ma;根据构造背景曲线和长偏心率旋回曲线的叠加曲线划分高频层序,其高频层序界面更加接近实际地层的发育情况。     

Effects of spectral nudging on the 2010 East Asia summer monsoon using WRF model

The performance of spectral nudging in an investigation of the 2010 East Asia summer monsoon was assessed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, forced by 1-degree NCEP Global Final Analysis (FNL). Two pairs of experiments were made, spectral nudging (SP) and non-spectral nudging (NOSP), with five members in each group. The members were distinguished by different initial times, and the analysis was based on the ensemble mean of the two simulation pairs. The SP was able to constrain error growth in large-scale circulation in upper-level, during simulation, and generate realistic regional scale patterns. The main focus was the model ability to simulate precipitation. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 product was used for precipitation verification. Mean precipitation magnitude was generally overestimated by WRF. Nevertheless, SP simulations suppressed overestimation relative to the NOSP experiments. Compared to TRMM, SP also improved model simulation of precipitation in spatial and temporal distributions, with the ability to reproduce movement of rainbands. However, extreme precipitation events were suppressed in the SP simulations.     

基于ETM+遥感数据的闽南地区断裂活动性评价探讨

以闽南地区为研究区域,以ETM+遥感影像数据为基础,通过广泛收集、分析研究区地质背景资料,分析区域内断层活动情况,进而提取研究区线性构造信息,结合地震地质资料对闽南地区主要断裂的分布情况及活动性做系统的分析研究。同时对闽南地区的新构造活动及构造应力场,线性构造和水系的分形分维,地震活动及其危险性和地热异常等主要影响因子做初步探讨。在确定影响断裂活动性的主要因素后,对研究区进行初步分区和定量化评价。最终判定研究区可圈定为:相对较不活动区、相对较活动区、相对活动区3个活动性级别。其中相对活动区面积占整个研究区3/5以上;相对较不活动区面积较小,造成相对活动的关键性因素是地震、活动断裂。     

基于城镇地籍数据库建立前的数据质量检查

采用MapSUV测绘和MapGIS平台建库的数据,主要有图形数据、属性数据和影像数据。在建库前根据全国和山东省第二次土地调查城镇建库标准,对每一类数据进行分析,针对其特点制定出检查的内容、方法和标准。经过检查的数据可以保证建立高质量的数据库。     

Mapping spectral tropicality in The Maid and Return to Pontianak

Contemporary, postcolonial Singapore has tamed, managed, and essentially disavowed its tropicality, aptly captured symbolically as the 'air-conditioned nation'. This essay traces how two recent Singapore horror films, The Maid (2005) and Return to Pontianak (2001), evoke the 'return of the repressed' as a form of haunting that I call 'spectral tropicality'. The films image and imagine this spectral return through unruly bodies (citizen subjects, female domestic workers, ghosts and vampire-ghosts) and uncanny landscapes (the jungle and city). In particular, the films and this analysis examine two sociocultural spectres lurking beneath Singapore as a tropical urban city-nation: the female domestic worker ( The Maid ) and ethnoracial folk beliefs ( The Maid and Return to Pontianak ). The Maid features the Hungry Ghosts Festival in the Chinese religious calendar, ghost marriages and an engagement with yin and yang energies, while Return to Pontianak deals with Malay folk beliefs of semangat ('life force'), and the pontianak, a female vampire-ghost. The Maid attempts to integrate Chinese folk beliefs into contemporary Singapore's cityscape, particularly the architecturally conserved Chinatown shophouses, while Return to Pontianak displaces Malay folk beliefs onto the tropical forest, which is mapped as a threatening other(ed) space and serves as Singapore's tropical doppelganger. Both films suggest that these folk beliefs have an unruly presence within the state's seemingly harmonious and meritocratic ethnoracial ideologies.     

Two dimensional spectral classification of stars in the neighborhood of the stellar cluster NGC 2175

Spectral classifications of 1224 O-M stars in different luminosity classes in the neighborhood of NGC 2175 are presented. The classifications are based on low dispersion objective prism spectra. B-V and U-B data for 106 of the 1224 stars are used to obtain MK classifications using the photometric Q method. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 339–341 (May 2008).     

惠州凹陷A区块珠海组潮汐沉积层序地层与储层分布预测

惠州凹陷珠海组沉积时期,海侵自西南方向进入凹陷,潮流对来自西北方向的古珠江三角洲沉积物有强烈改造作用,在凹陷西南部形成近海潮汐沉积,研究区以潮坪沉积作用为主。运用高分辨率层序地层学原理分析了A/S值变化过程中潮汐相的沉积学与地层学响应,以岩心、测井资料为基础,对珠海组进行了高频基准面旋回划分。在时间地层单元格架内,以潮汐相沉积模式为指导,以井—震界面标定与追踪后的三维数据体为基础,运用地震沉积学分析方法和地层切片技术,优选地震属性,对研究区储层分布进行了预测,分析了其时空演化特征,为该区油气勘探与开发提供了依据。     

A computer model for forecasting ocean wave parameters at specific sites around the the New Zealand coast

An applications model for forecasting frequency‐directional wave spectra at any appropriately specified site is described. There are two stages to the calculations. Firstly, a spectrum is calculated based on results at nearby gridpoints from an ocean wave prediction model. This is then adjusted to make the spectrum consistent with the local wind history. Verifications of the model are made at sites off Cape Egmont and Great Barrier Island, North Island, New Zealand. These give encouraging results for the shape of the frequency spectrum, with reasonable skill evident in the energetic parts of the spectrum. The significant wave heights also agree well, with the model estimates explaining two thirds of the measured variance.