水体石油类污染中红外波段吸收特征分析

2008年5月21～26日在辽宁省盘锦市辽河油田境内的双台子河和绕阳河,沿河流采集了水体样本28个,并且利用取自辽河油田的稠油和稀油标样,以及污水处理厂自然污水,进行水槽配比试验,获取不同油浓度水体样本9个;在此基础上,利用红外分光光度计测定水样中的石油类污染浓度和其在3.04～.1μm(波数2 400～3 300 cm-1)波长范围内的透过率;采用朗伯-比尔(Lamber-Beer)定律,计算吸光度,分析有石油类污染水体在中红外波段3.0～4.1 μm(波数为2 400～3 300 cm-1)的吸收特征.研究结果表明:(1)水体石油类污染在中红外的吸收特征主要体现在3.3～3.7μm(2 700～3 000 cm-1)范围内,在3.0～3.3μm(2 400～2 700 cm-1)和3.7～4.1μm(3 000～3 300 cm-1)表现不明显;(2)在3.3～3.7μm(2 700～3 000 cm-1)范围内有两个吸收峰,较强的吸收峰约位于3.412 μm(2 925 cm-1)处,次强的吸收峰约位于3 502 nm(2 850 cm-1)处;(3)在3.3～3.7 μm(2 700～3 000 cm-1)范围内,随着波长变化,石油类物质吸收光谱曲线呈现规则的变化趋势,随着浓度的增加,吸收峰强度增强.本研究结果对于拓展中红外波段在探测水体油膜以及水环境和土壤石油类污染方面的应用可提供一定的参考.     

波前构建法中网格点相对定位及属性计算研究

针对波前构建法射线追踪中非规则的波前四边形网格与规则的矩形网格节点之间的相对定位问题,采用矢量叉积判断方法从四个方面较详细的讨论了规则的矩形网格节点与非规则的波前四边形的相对位置关系,并针对四种不同的位置关系采用不同的插值算法进行其属性的转换计算,误差分析及计算实例表明本文所采用的网格定位方法以及属性转换的插值算法从理论到实际应用都是正确的、切实可行的.     

长春岭油田储层预测研究

常用的储层横向预测技术有地震属性分析技术和地震反演技术两大类,应用这两种技术对长春岭油田扶余油层进行了储层预测研究.研究结果表明,长春岭油田地震资料的振幅属性与已知井砂岩发育情况吻合较好,本文利用振幅属性描述了扶余油层Ⅰ～Ⅳ砂组储层砂岩的分布趋势.应用地震反演方法得到扶余油层储层砂岩纵横向展布规律,经钻探证明,预测的结果比较可靠.     

基于粗糙集理论的边坡稳定性评价中因素权重确定方法的研究

为了准确计算影响边坡稳定性的各个因素的权重,应用粗糙集理论对原始数据进行挖掘,在实测数据离散化的基础上,将权重确定问题转化为粗糙集中属性重要性评价问题,建立了关于边坡稳定性评价的关系数据模型,经过属性值特征化建立了知识系统,在数据分析下通过分析评判方法对评价对象的支持度和重要性,计算出边坡稳定性评价模型的权重。该方法克服了传统权重确定方法的主观性,使得边坡稳定性评价方法更具客观性,从而提高了边坡稳定性评价的精度,通过实例说明该方法更加合理有效。     

应用微动H/V谱比法和台阵技术探测场地响应和浅层速度结构

为了快速而且廉价地获取北京市详细的场地响应和浅层速度结构,应用于地震动模拟和地震灾害预防,我们开展了微动观测技术和处理方法研究.本文利用2007年夏季北京五棵松地区进行的几个微动观测实验数据,使用单台H/V谱比法分析场地的卓越频率及其对应的放大系数,并对比了不同地震仪和观测时间对H/V曲线的影响;应用高分辨率F-K频谱分析方法从微动台阵数据中得到Rayleigh波的频散曲线并使用邻域算法反演出浅层速度结构.H/V结果表明该地区卓越频率在2.1～2.2 Hz之间,对应的放大系数下限约为3;利用微动H/V方法得到的场地卓越频率具有较高的稳定性.微动台阵反演结果给出了比较合理的波阻抗界面深度和层平均速度结构,认为地下80多米处的波阻抗界面是决定场地卓越频率和其场地放大系数的主要界面.本研究表明微动技术应用于评估城市地震场地响应和浅层速度结构是可行且易于实施的.     

哈拉湖地区低频可控震源天然气水合物地球物理响应特征研究

我国陆域天然气水合物主要分布于青藏高原和漠河地区.由于永久冻土层的存在,地震勘探很难获得高品质的资料,给天然气水合物勘探带来了诸多困难.为解决冻土层对地震信号的衰减问题,在哈拉湖地区采用低频可控震源进行地震资料采集试验,通过提高覆盖次数,获得了较高信噪比的地震资料.在高质量地震资料基础上,进行精细速度分析,获得了较准确的叠加速度谱资料;然后以层速度剖面为基础建立正演模型,开展天然气水合物地震正演模拟研究;最后利用叠后偏移地震数据进行地震属性分析.通过正演模拟和地震属性综合研究,总结了天然气水合物的地球物理响应特征,速度突变和空白反射带可作为哈拉湖地区陆域天然气水合物识别的敏感因素.     

Ductility‐dependent intensity measure that accounts for ground‐motion spectral shape and duration

The calculated nonlinear structural responses of a building can vary greatly, even if recorded ground motions are scaled to the same spectral acceleration at a building's fundamental period. To reduce the variation in structural response at a particular ground‐motion intensity, this paper proposes an intensity measure (IM_comb) that accounts for the combined effects of spectral acceleration, ground‐motion duration, and response spectrum shape. The intensity measure includes a new measure of spectral shape that integrates the spectrum over a period range that depends on the structure's ductility. The new IM is efficient, sufficient, scalable, transparent, and versatile. These features make it suitable for evaluating the intensities of measured and simulated ground motions. The efficiency and sufficiency of the new IM is demonstrated for the following: (i) elastic‐perfectly plastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) oscillators with a variety of ductility demands and periods; (ii) ductile and brittle deteriorating SDOF systems with a variety of periods; and (iii) collapse analysis for 30 previously designed frames. The efficiency is attributable to the inclusion of duration and to the ductility dependence of the spectral shape measure. For each of these systems, the transparency of the intensity measure made it possible to identify the sensitivity of structural response to the various characteristics of the ground motion. Spectral shape affected all structures, but in particular, ductile structures. Duration only affected structures with cyclic deterioration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震噪声异常实时监测

本文采用福建省85个测震台站2012年全年噪声资料的垂直向记录作为研究对象,将噪声记录以每5min为单位进行分段,求出每小段的功率谱,应用概率分布函数方法绘出台站的PDF图,之后利用网格概率法确定出台站的高低噪声参照线。另外,根据85个台站的PDF图异常,将噪声异常分成四类：缺数异常、低噪处异常、高噪处异常、中噪处异常。依据四类异常的特征分别研究出四类异常的挑选方法,再将这四种挑选方法结合形成地震噪声实时监测系统。选取福建省85个测震台站2013年7月份的噪声记录进行验证,结果表明：85个台站应用地震噪声实时监测系统识别出来的异常正确率都达到90%以上,挑选效果很好,并可应用于台站噪声实时监测。     

Land cover effects on runoff patterns in eastern Piedmont (USA) watersheds

Physiography and land cover determine the hydrologic response of watersheds to climatic events. However, vast differences in climate regimes and variation of landscape attributes among watersheds (including size) have prevented the establishment of general relationships between land cover and runoff patterns across broad scales. This paper addresses these difficulties by using power spectral analysis to characterize area‐normalized runoff patterns and then compare these patterns with landscape features among watersheds within the same physiographic region. We assembled long‐term precipitation and runoff data for 87 watersheds (first to seventh order) within the eastern Piedmont (USA) that contained a wide variety of land cover types, collected environmental data for each watershed, and compared the datasets using a variety of statistical measures. The effect of land cover on runoff patterns was confirmed. Urban‐dominated watersheds were flashier and had less hydrologic memory compared with forest‐dominated watersheds, whereas watersheds with high wetland coverage had greater hydrologic memory. We also detected a 10–15% urban threshold above which urban coverage became the dominant control on runoff patterns. When spectral properties of runoff were compared across stream orders, a threshold after the third order was detected at which watershed processes became dominant over precipitation regime in determining runoff patterns. Finally, we present a matrix that characterizes the hydrologic signatures of rivers based on precipitation versus landscape effects and low‐frequency versus high‐frequency events. The concepts and methods presented can be generally applied to all river systems to characterize multiscale patterns of watershed runoff. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云南鲁甸6.5级地震序列的谱振幅相关系数变化特征

使用云南数字地震台网记录的波形资料,计算了云南鲁甸MS6.5地震序列的谱振幅相关系数。8月3日19时至8月4日5时,谱振幅相关系数由序列的最小值持续升高至最大值,期间发生了4次4级余震,表明震源机制逐渐趋于一致,4级地震发生在谱振幅相关系数波动相对较大的阶段。其后谱振幅相关系数一直维持在0.82的高值状态,8月17日距离鲁甸地震震中110 km的同一构造区永善发生MS5.0地震,表明谱振幅相关系数高区域应力水平较高。