The scavenging of free radical and oxygen species activities and hydration capacity of collagen hydrolysates from walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) skin

Fish skin collagen hydrolysates (FSCH) were prepared from walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) using a mixture of enzymes, namely trypsin and flavourzyme. The degree of hydrolysis of the skin collagen was 27.3%. FSCH was mainly composed of low-molecular-weight peptides and the relative proportion of <1000Da fraction was 70.6%. Free radical and oxygen species scavenging activities of FSCH were investigated in four model systems, including diphenylpicrylhy-drazyl radical (DPPH), superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide model, and compared with that of a native antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH). FSCH was also evaluated by water-absorbing and water-holding capacity. The results showed that FSCH was able to scavenge free radical and oxygen species significantly and to enhance water-absorbing and water-holding capacity remarkably. Therefore, FSCH may have potential applications in the medicine and food industries.     

基于GIS的资源环境承载力评价与空间布局优化—以荣成市为例

随着工业化、城镇化、农业现代化和信息化的进程加快,我国面临的资源环境承载规模将进一步扩大,经济社会活动强度也将更高,人口、资源、环境之间的矛盾与冲突将不可避免地日趋激烈,因此开展资源环境承载力评估研究十分必要。以荣成市为研究对象,建立了资源环境承载力评价指标体系,基于GIS技术实现了属性数据的空间化,完成了各项指数的计算,分析了荣成市资源环境承载力状况。在资源环境承载力评价的基础上,分乡镇对荣成市土地空间布局进行优化,并形成综合分区引导。研究结论显示,荣成市资源环境基础性评价为可载,基于水资源系统的综合承载状态判定为临界,基于生态条件与环境质量系统的综合承载状态判定为可载。基于评价结果结合区位特点,荣成市各乡镇可按新兴产业、制造业、服务业,生态旅游业,生态农业,生态林业4个方向引导开发。     

Carrying Capacity of Marine Region in Liaoning Province

Carrying capacity is one of important studies on coordinating development of population,resources,and environment.At present,the researches on it mainly concentrate on the carrying capacity for population and economy,such as the water resources carrying capacity,the land resources carrying capacity,the environment carrying capacity,etc.Based on the related theories and methods,this paper creatively proposed the concept and meaning of carrying capacity of marine region,and formed the appraisal system.According to the developing situation of marine economy of Liaoning Province in recent years,and by employing the method of the state space,this paper also measured the carrying capacity and carrying state of marine region and discussed the sustainable problems of marine economy of Liaoning.The research results show that the carrying state of marine region of Liaoning is in the state of overloading at present,but taking a favorable turn.     

Partitioning of heavy metals on soil samples from column tests

In this study, column tests were used to determine the retention capability of three types of estuarine alluvia collected adjacent to landfill sites in South Wales. Selective sequential extraction (SSE) was used to study the retention mechanisms of heavy metals in the soil columns obtained from leaching experiments. Acid digestion was later used to check the validity of the SSE results. Breakthrough curves show good retention of heavy metal ions (Pb, Cu, and Zn) by all soils, where almost 99% of heavy metals were retained with the C_e/C_o values in the order of 10⁻³. The retention strength of these soils was observed to be constant up to five pore volumes (PV). This corresponds with the pH of the effluents and pore water of soil slices, which also show good buffering capacity against very acidic leachate up to 5PV. The heavy metal extraction profiles from SSE show very similar trends with the retention profiles from the leaching experiments, where heavy metals were retained mainly at the top part where the leachate entered the column. SSE indicates qualitatively that heavy metals precipitated with carbonates and amorphous materials (oxides/hydroxides) are higher than heavy metal retention via exchangeable mechanisms. The mass balance calculation gives range of deviation of 1–16% of the total soil extraction. The distribution of the heavy metals with various soil constituents are ranked in the following order: Carbonates>Amorphous oxides hydroxides>Organic matter>Exchangeable phases.     

围填海对海洋水动力与生态环境的影响

近10年来,中国海岸带围填海活动呈现出规模大、速度快的发展态势。围填海能带来显著的经济效益,但对海洋环境与生态的负面影响也不可忽视。针对围填海对海洋环境和生态的影响及作用机制,分别从水动力和生态系统两个方面进行了概述。围填海改变了海洋的自然几何属性(原始岸线、地形地貌、海湾面积),引起水动力环境的变化(潮汐系统和海湾水交换能力),进而影响了海湾的环境容量;围填海破坏了生物栖息地、导致生物多样性的丧失,影响到生态系统结构与功能的稳定性;水动力与生物多样性的变化可显著影响到生物地球化学过程,加速富营养化进程,恶化水质,增加生态灾害风险。目前,围填海后的生态修复策略主要有增加生物量、建设自然保护区、退陆还海3种方式;而生态补偿策略则多基于“生态系统服务功能与生境面积的大小为线性关系”,通过对其经济价值的量化后进行生态补偿与实施相关政策。国际上,生态系统服务功能的量化参数逐步纳入实际管理,并在线性关系研究的基础上,逐步纳入一些非线性的理念,使生态补偿机制更为合理化;而我国对于围填海生态效应的定量化研究及科学理论在管理政策中的实际应用仍亟待提高。整体而言,全面、准确地评估围填海对海洋环境与生态的影响离不开自然科学与社会科学的交叉与融合。     

基于尖点突变理论的端承桩竖向承载力分析

国内外关于单桩竖向极限承载力的确定方法很多,但至今还未找到较为完善、科学和经济的方法求解桩的极限承载力的方法,因此尝试将尖点突变理论引入单桩竖向极限承载力的计算中,并与静载荷试验和抛物线法相结合,推导出端承桩单桩竖向极限承载力的计算公式。实例验证表明,当桩的位移值较小时,计算值接近实测值;当桩的位移值较大时,计算值与实测值偏离较大。结论可运用于实践。     

Computer thermodynamic modeling of the transport and deposition of Sb and Au during the formation of Au-Sb deposits

Using the Chiller computer program, we performed modeling of the mechanisms of the joint transport and deposition of Au and Sb from various ore-forming solutions during the formation of Au-Sb deposits. Three models are considered by the example of the Uderei Au-Sb deposit in the Yenisei Ridge: (1) simple cooling (cooling only), (2) iso-enthalpy boiling (P = f(T)), and (3) solution–rock interaction (rock titration model). The behavior of Sb(III) and Au(I) in the system Au–Sb–Fe–Cu–Pb–Zn–As–H₂O–Cl–H₂S–CO₂ under hydrothermal conditions was studied. It is shown that both weakly alkaline (near-neutral) and reduced acidic Fe_aq²⁺-enriched low-chloride high-CO₂ and high-chloride hydrothermal solutions play a crucial role in the formation of gold parageneses of Au-Sb ores.     

乌苏E-601B型蒸发与小型蒸发折算系数分析

分析了乌苏站1998～2001年（4～10月）E-601B型与小型蒸发器4年蒸发量对比观测资料,运用统计方法进行了相关性研究,并应用比值法和多元线性回归方法,得出了两种蒸发量之间的折算系数,计算出了乌苏站1971～1997年4～10月逐月E－601B型蒸发量估算值,为当地的气候研究和气象服务提供重要依据。     

终止压桩力及承载力标准值实测方法探求

需要多大的压桩力才能将桩压入设计预定的标高,获得最大的单桩承载力,这是工程上最实际、最有价值的问题之一。本文通过静力压桩及静载试验求取适合于工程实际情况的终止压桩力与单桩极限承载力的关系,并通过钢弦式应力计在预应力管桩中的应用,论述了由测应力计频率到求取单桩极限侧阻力标准值及极限端阻力标准值的过程和原理。     

聚类分析在土地工程能力评价中的应用

随着城市化进程的加快,城市地质环境所受的压力和影响与日俱增,工程地质环境的状况直接影响着城市工程建设。本文通过实例研究,从岩土体承载力入手,确定不同高度建筑物的适宜性,利用聚类分析划分不同高度建筑物适宜区。评价结果合理,有利于指导工程建设,扬长避短,因地制宜,对城市规划和发展具有重要意义。