地下水位升降对某场地地基土承载力的影响

通过工程实例，分析了对比地下水位升降对地基土的物理力学性质的影响，定量地总结了地下水位上升对地基土承载力的削弱情况。     

基于Web of Science的海域承载力研究现状与热点分析

海域承载力是衡量海洋经济能否健康发展的重要标志,对于规范海域资源开发利用、合理配置海域资源、促进沿海地区经济持续发展和海洋强国建设具有重要意义。文章以Web of Science数据库中检索到的海域承载力相关文献为数据源,采用文献计量方法,统计分析相关文献年度发文量和主要研究力量(包括研究国家、研究机构和高产作者),利用Bibexcel得出高频词共词矩阵,导入Ucinet和NetDraw得出网络可视图,最后对关键词进行聚类分析,以探究海域承载力相关领域研究现状与热点。研究表明:(1)2001年以前,文献发文量约为15-20篇/年,2001年后发文数量逐渐增加,增势明显;(2)从主要研究力量看,欧美等发达国家占有较大席位,但发展中国家如中国和印度的研究实力也不容小觑;法国国家科学研究中心、美国海洋以及大气局和美国内政部等是海域承载力领域主要研究机构;高产作者集中于印度、加拿大和突尼斯等国,这些国家合作关系广泛,科研影响力强;(3)从研究热点上看,特定海区和海洋生物的承载能力及其海洋渔业管理是当前海域承载力领域中的热点研究方向,研究内容集中于海洋生态环境承载力和海水养殖承载力与海域综合承载...     

关于磷石膏尾矿库安全专篇的研究

磷石膏尾矿库是以磷石膏渣堆积起来形成的尾矿库,其安全问题一直是磷化工企业及安全生产管理部门非常关心的问题。根据《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》,尾矿库工程在设计阶段应该编写安全专篇,需要对尾矿库及尾矿坝稳定性、尾矿库防洪能力及排洪设施和安全观测设施的可靠性进行充分论证。3个方面的内容紧密联系,其是否安全可靠决定着尾矿库是否安全运行。针对磷石膏尾矿库的安全专篇问题,分析了专篇中的关键技术内容,对防洪计算、稳定性计算和安全监测分析等方面的本质问题进行了探讨,并将这三者作为一个系统进行分析总结。通过对湖北某磷石膏尾矿工程安全专篇的编写与分析,对具体的技术方法给出了说明。目前尾矿库工程安全问题受到了广泛的关注,其结果提供了比较完整的具体经验,采用的方法和得出的结论对相关工程可以起一定的借鉴作用。     

北京某山坡湿陷性土层地基处理可行性分析与建议

北京市密云区某拟建别墅工程,属于山体边坡地基基础工程,任务要求对湿陷性地基土层进行湿陷性消除,并将其地基土承载力特征值提高到fak≥130 kPa。此外,还需要考虑边坡稳定性及其永久性加固问题。对该项目进行了深入分析、研究,并采用概念设计方法,对其进行设计预演,发现该项目存在工序复杂、不易实施、在永久性使用方面存在一定隐患、并具有责任不当等问题。对该地基基础工程进行了重新分析,建议取消地基处理措施,改用嵌岩桩作为拟建物的基础。     

内蒙古呼包鄂地区近56年来大气环境容量变化特征分析

为探讨内蒙古呼包鄂地区大气对污染物承载能力的变化,科学评价气候变化对大气环境的影响,利用1961—2016年呼包鄂地区8个国家气象站降水量、风速、云量资料,分析了该地区气象条件的变化特征及大气环境容量的时空分布特征,并对大气环境容量与气象要素之间的相关性进行了分析。结果显示:呼包鄂地区大气环境容量1月的最小、4月的最大,春季的>秋季的>夏季的>冬季的,年平均大气环境容量为62.4 t/d/km^2;月、季、年平均大气环境容量呈波动减小趋势,特别是20世纪70年代末期之后减小趋势更为显著;有明显的空间分布特征,由城区向郊区逐渐增大,城郊差异冬季最为明显,夏季差异最小;大气环境容量与降水相关性差,与风速和日最大混合层高度呈显著的正相关关系,特别是与风速相关性更显著,与小风日数呈显著的负相关关系。     

考虑地表沉陷影响的复合地基承载力计算方法

受地下开采的剧烈扰动,采煤沉陷区的复合地基工程会发生非常大的下沉和水平位移,常规的承载力计算方法未考虑地表沉陷影响。在研究地表沉陷影响的复合地基承载特性的基础上,建立了考虑地表沉陷影响的复合地基受力模型,并且提出了考虑地表沉陷影响的复合地基承载力计算方法。通过一个采煤沉陷区桥梁复合地基工程实例的计算分析,发现考虑地表沉陷影响后,复合地基承载力有一定程度的下降。     

轴压作用下双金属复合管组合作用与承载力分析

为探究轴压作用下双金属复合海底管道的组合作用与承载性能,对双金属复合海底管道进行了试验研究和理论分析。开展了不锈钢衬管材料性能试验,对比了国际主流不锈钢本构关系模型和试验结果。利用ABAQUS建立了精细化的双金属复合管道轴压试验有限元模型,系统研究了关键参数如复合工艺产生的环向复合应力、钢管初始缺陷幅值等对双金属复合管在轴压作用下力学性能的影响规律。通过对比已有轴压双金属复合管道试验结果,验证有限元模型。基于验证的有限元模型,对轴压作用下双金属复合管道的组合作用以及径厚比和材料强度对承载力的影响进行了分析。结果表明双金属复合管道的轴压极限承载力主要取决于基管的截面屈服荷载,并随着管径和材料强度的提高而增大。并依据分析结果对双金属复合海底管道的设计提出建议。     

Coastal environmental assessment and management by ecological simulation in Yeoja Bay, Korea

An eco-hydrodynamic model was used to estimate the carrying capacity of pollutant loads and response of water quality to environmental change in Yeoja Bay, Korea. An energy-system model also was used to simulate the fluctuation in nutrients and organic matter in the bordering wetland. Most water quality factors showed a pulsed pattern, and the concentrations of nutrients and organic matter of seawater increased when input loads of nutrients increased due to freshwater discharge. The well-developed tidal zones and wetlands in the northern area of the bay were highly sensitive to input loads. Residence times of water, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) within the bay were estimated to be about 16 days, 43.2 days, and 50.2 days, respectively. Water quality reacted more sensitively to the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus input than to COD. A plan to reduce the present levels of COD and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) by 20–30% and DIN by at least 50% in pollutant loads is needed for satisfying the target water quality criteria. The natural removal rate of nutrients in wetlands by reeds was assessed to be approximately 10%.     

Spatial partitioning between species of the phytoplankton-feeding guild on an estuarine intertidal sand flat and its implication on habitat carrying capacity

The fishery yield of Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, increased considerably in the 1970s but has decreased rapidly since the middle 1980s on extensive intertidal sand flats in Ariake Sound (Kyushu, Japan). A survey conducted in 2004 on a 3.4-km² sand flat located in the central part of the Sound (Shirakawa sand flat) revealed four dominant species: two thalassinidean shrimps (Upogebia major and Nihonotrypaea japonica), which are deep-reaching burrow dwellers with strong bioturbation activities, and two bivalves (Mactra veneriformis and R. philippinarum). All four species belong to a phytoplankton (diatom)-feeding guild. In the late 1970s, the Manila clam population prevailed in high densities over the entire sand flat, whereas its distribution was restricted to the lowest quarter of the shore in 2004. In contrast, the population sizes and zones of occurrence of the other phytoplankton feeders have expanded in the absence of R. philippinarum, perhaps an indication of competitive release. After establishment, effects of the thalassinidean shrimps on sediment stability appear to have further reduced clam abundances. Across the sand flat in 2004, wet weight population biomass estimates for N. japonica, U. major, M. veneriformis, and R. philippinarum (whole body for shrimps and soft tissue for bivalves) were 304, 111, 378, and 234 tonnes, respectively. Based on Manila clam fishery yield records from Shirakawa, the carrying capacity of the Shirakawa sand flat in the late 1970s was estimated to be two times greater than the sum value for the whole phytoplankton-feeding guild in 2004. It is hypothesized that (1) the amount of phytoplankton determines the carrying capacity for the benthic community on the Shirakawa sand flat, with both phytoplankton and benthic biomass at maxima in the late 1970s, and (2) the subsequent increases in competition for space have caused further declines in the Manila clam population biomass to approximately one-eighth of its past value.     

Crustal Stress Measurement for Significant Project Construction and Its Application in Design

The hydrofracturing technique has developed into a reliable and practical method for determining the original three-dimensional crustal stress state of underground caverns,the load-bearing capacity of a high pressure cavern itself,and the high pressure hydraulic permeability of rock masses,and has also been extensively used in disposal of nuclear waste,long and deeply-buried traffic channels and high-pressure cavern engineering for hydraulic power plants.The practice shows that the comprehensive measurement of the physical parameters of the rock mass and taking full use of the wall rock load-bearing capacity to optimize the engineering design hold are very useful in ensuring the engineering safety and improving the design level.