时空模型在宗地变更和历史回溯中的研究

地籍信息具有显著的时间特性,将地籍数据的时间、空间及属性三者合理地组织在地籍信息系统中的研究具有重要意义。本文借鉴目前TGIS和各种时空应用模型的优势,提出一种基于宗地变更的时空数据结构。针对地籍管理系统中宗地变更和历史回溯的需求,将数据库分为历史库和变更库,比较好的实现了宗地管理要求,有效弥补了一些时空数据库过于臃肿、系统运行效率低下等缺陷。     

我国导航地理框架数据保密问题探讨

首先分析导航地理框架数据的内容和精度、保密和应用的关系,进一步论述新技术发展对导航地理框架数据的影响,以及新形势下导航地理框架数据保密的必要性,最后对导航地理框架数据的保密处理模式进行了研究并发表现点.     

对中国西部造山带地质研究若干问题的思考

从大陆研究的视角,认为大陆造山带地质研究是广义上的陆缘地质研究,阐述了陆缘多岛弧盆构造系统及其演化过程,提出造山带内时代相近的一组蛇绿混杂岩带是“古陆缘多岛弧盆格局”的残留,“古陆缘多岛弧盆构造系统”的基本残留形式在平面和剖面上都可能是“网结状”等认识。     

鸡西、勃利盆地白垩纪砂岩的物源分析及构造意义

鸡西、勃利盆地白垩纪砂岩骨架矿物成分的模式分析显示：下白垩统城子河组和穆棱组砂岩的源区主要为切割型岛弧,结合古水流方向和砂岩地球化学特征研究,物源区主要为小兴安岭-张广才岭;上白垩统猴石沟组砂岩的源区主要为基底隆升和切割型岛弧。结合古水流方向和砾石的统计结果认为,鸡西、勃利盆地物源区主要为桦南隆起和密山隆起,以及小兴安岭-张广才岭。据白垩纪砂岩物源,晚白垩世砾岩成分,以及区域地质资料分析,下白垩统城子河组和穆棱组时期,鸡西盆地、勃利盆地和黑龙江东部各盆地为统一的原型盆地,早白垩世末期随着桦南隆起和密山隆起的隆升而破坏。并在晚白垩世早期已隆升,并为周缘盆地提供物源,形成现今黑龙江东北部地区的盆岭格局。     

地形图时空数据建库的两种方法及其对比

介绍了实际工作中经常遇到的地形图时空数据建库方法:保持现状式和数据追加式。分析对比了两种方法的优缺点:保持现状式实时维护了时空数据的现势性,方便现状数据的使用,但其数据库和表个数多,数据维护、历史数据恢复以及增量数据计算较复杂。数据追加式数据库个数少,数据维护、历史数据恢复以及增量数据计算较简单,但在使用现状数据时需做一定的数据查询、输出操作。作者建议使用后者,并将其中一个工作库固定为现状库,历史数据恢复时再建其他工作库以方便使用。     

一种多基态修正时空数据模型改进的方法

本文分析现有的7种基态修正模型,发现多基态修正模型中的基态均以快照方式存储,当历史久远时需要创建的基态数较多,所占用的存储空间较大,如果不建立那么多基态,两个基态之间的差文件过多,就会使检索效率低下,所以说现有的多基态修正模型并不能真正做到不受历史久远的影响。作者提出为基态建立索引的方法可以解决该问题,该方法不仅可减少多基态修正模型中基态所占用的存储空间,并且可以提高时空数据操作的效率,真正做到不受历史久远的影响。     

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化

巴楚隆起是塔里木盆地重要的油气勘探地区之一。文中基于新的地震、航磁、重力等资料解释结果和区域构造演化剖面,重新分析了巴楚隆起的构造格架及形成演化。研究认为:巴楚隆起在剖面上为压扭性断裂控制的"两断夹一隆"构造样式,在平面上具有"东西分区、南北分带"的构造格局。此与塔里木盆地断裂构造体系的展布、基底结构与构造、地壳深部地质背景及古构造应力场演变等关系密切。该隆起是一个从震旦纪开始发育演化的继承性活动型古隆起,其形成演化经历了加里东构造旋回阶段(Z—D2)、海西构造旋回阶段(D3—P)、印支—燕山构造旋回阶段(T—K)和喜马拉雅构造旋回阶段(E—Q)。这一新认识对巴楚地区的油气勘探部署和潜力评价均具有重要指导作用。     

藏南洛扎地区中生代生物组合与沉积环境分析

较详细分析了．洛扎地区晚三叠世一早白垩世地层中的生物习性特点,对生物的形态功能、行为习性、化石埋藏、生物与环境的关系以及生物之间的相互关系等进行了初步探讨,划分了与环境相适应的十四大古生物群落,晚三叠世高水位体系域Monotissalinaria-M．haueri生物群落,陆棚风暴碎屑岩型Entoliumnieniexionglaense—Cruziana群落,陆棚泥质-火山岩型Coroniceras群落,早侏罗世海侵体系域Melanoides—Discohelix群落,早中侏罗世高水位型Hastites—Chondrites群落,深海凝缩层型Discinisca-Euestheria群落,晚侏罗世浅海陆棚泥岩型Buchiablanfordiana-Vingatosphinctes-Belemnopsis群落,凝缩段泥岩环境中的Belemnopsisaucklandica群落,穹隆或洼地及斜坡带上低位域Hibolithes jiabulensis—Belemnoposs sinensis群落,广海陆棚型Belemnopsis—BfandiacePas—Haplophylloceras群落,广海瞄掘型Himalayites-Spiticeras群落,广海陆棚型Berriasellidae-lnoceramus群落,广海陆棚型Cruralina-Peregrinella群落,闭塞泻湖型Ancylocaratidae—Bochitidae群落。建立了区内晚三叠-早白垩世沉积-生态地层格架。     

Ubiquitous interactive visualization of 3D mantle convection using a web-portal with Java and Ajax framework

We have developed a new strategy and espouse a novel paradigm for large-scale computing and real-time interactive visualization. This philosophy calls for intense interactive sessions for a couple of hours at a time at the expense of storing data on many disk drives during regular or heroic runs on massively parallel systems. We have already carried out successfully real-time volume-rendering visualization by employing hundreds of processors for a grid with over 25 million unknowns. Both Cartesian and spherical 3D mantle convection are visualized. The volume-rendered images are viewed on a large display device, with many panels holding around 13 million pixels. We will employ a software strategy involving an hierarchical rendering service, which will have as software an Ajax interface for interactive visualization of large data sets on many different platforms from desktop PC’s to hand-held devices, such as the OQO and the Nokia N-800. An option for stereo viewing is also implemented. We have installed a user interface as web application, using Java and Ajax framework in order to achieve over the Internet reasonable accessibility to our ongoing runs. Our goal is to expand the array of interactive devices, which will make it feasible to carry out ubiquitous visualization and monitoring of large-scale simulations or onsite events and to allow for collaborations across oceans.     

Striving for equivalency across the Alberta,British Columbia,Ontario and Québec carbon pricing systems: the Pan-Canadian carbon pricing benchmark

The Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change is designed to put Canada on track to meet its Paris commitments. A key pillar of the plan is the introduction of a pan-Canadian carbon price by the end of 2018. However, four Canadian provinces, nearly 85% of the Canadian economy and population, have already implemented carbon pricing systems. British Columbia (BC) has a carbon tax. Alberta is transitioning from an output-based allocation system for industrial emitters to a hybrid system combining a carbon levy and refined output-based system. Québec and Ontario have implemented cap-and-trade systems, linked to California. Recognizing these existing systems, rather than impose a single carbon pricing mechanism, the Pan-Canadian Approach to Carbon Pricing gives provinces and territories the flexibility to adopt a carbon tax, a hybrid system, or a cap-and-trade system. To address concerns relating to ‘fairness’ and equivalency of carbon price, a federal carbon pricing benchmark establishes criteria relating to minimum ‘common scope’ and ‘increases in stringency’ that provincial and territorial carbon pricing systems must meet. This article explores the design features of the existing Alberta, BC, Ontario and Québec carbon pricing systems, and considers how the benchmark affects stringency and addresses equivalency of carbon price across these different systems.

Key policy insights

• Canada is taking advantage of its federal structure of government to introduce a minimum pan-Canadian carbon price of $10/tCO₂e in 2018, rising by $10/year to $50/tCO₂e in 2022.

• Rather than imposing a uniform pricing mechanism, the Canadian federal government is recognizing existing subnational carbon pricing mechanisms with very different design features – BC’s carbon tax, Québec and Ontario’s cap-and-trade systems, and Alberta’s hybrid system – to deliver the pan-Canadian carbon price.

• In order to deliver a minimum level of increasing stringency and to address issues of equivalency of carbon price across sub-national jurisdictions, the federal government is in the early stages of implementing a federal carbon-pricing benchmark.

• The lessons learned from the Canadian experience will be relevant to harmonizing carbon pricing systems across both other federal jurisdictions and countries.