1960-2015年青海三江源地区降水时空特征

青海三江源地区是中国生态系统最为敏感和脆弱的地区,其降水特别是生长季降水的波动,是影响本区及江河中下游水资源安全、生态系统可持续发展的关键因素。综合线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、BG分割算法、R/S、EEMD等多方法细致辨识了1960-2015年研究区降水量序列的时空特征。结果显示：① 三江源降水量总体呈现弱增趋势,21世纪以来降水量显著增加,各子源区气候倾向率不尽相同;② 年、季降水量自东南向西北递减,澜沧江源区夏季降水和黄河源区秋季降水呈弱减趋势,雨量弱减区在空间上呈斑块状分布;③ 年、季降水量年代际变化和增湿率的空间差异较明显,春夏季降水气候倾向率与经纬度、海拔的复相关性显著高于冬季;④ 20世纪90年代中后期,各子源区降水总体显现增强信号,并于2002年前后发生突变;⑤ 年际和低值年代际显著周期是造成降水量变动的主要因素;⑥ 除澜沧江源区夏季降水趋于减少外,其他年、季降水量变化呈现增幅不一的转湿趋势;⑦ 横向比较各子源区可见,长江源区降水变化更能表征高原气候变化。研究结果显示,研究区降水时空序列变化具有明显的区域和季节差异性特征,与以往类似研究存在些许差异,可见为有效提高气候序列演变过程及突变诊断的准确性,仍需进一步融合多方法实施集成分析。     

用CAPPI和PPI资料测定区域降水量精度比较

应用上海中心气象台７１４数字化天气雷达的体积扫描资料所得的不同高度上的ＣＡＰＰＩ资料和低仰角时ＰＰＩ资料。估算区域降水量并得到降水量分布形势。然后采用平均校准法进行了校准，最后又与用雨量计网测量的区域降水量及其分布形势作了比较，得到一些有意义的结果。     

Unraveling the multi-scalar residential segregation and socio-spatial differentiation in China: A comparative study based on Nanjing and Hangzhou

Residential segregation is a dual process of socio-spatial differentiation in residents and spatio-temporal heterogeneity in dwelling.However,most of the existing studies are es-tablished from the single perspective of urban residents based on demographic data,which is difficult to reveal the dynamics and complex spatial reconstruction within and between cities.With the characteristics of both stability and timeliness,the rapidly changing housing market is one of the processes and results of socio-spatial reconfiguration,and it is undoubtedly a better lens to observe residential segregation.This paper adopts methods such as multi-group segregation index,multi-scalar segregation profiles,and decomposition of segregation index,with Nanjing and Hangzhou as case cities,and establishes multi-scalar segregation profiles and comparative models based on three geographical scales of census tract,block and grid,and different residential types.A quantitative study was conducted on the degree and pattern of multi-scalar residential segregation in Nanjing and Hangzhou from 2009 to 2018.The pa-per found that the spatial segregation index is an improvement of the non-spatial segregation index.There are differences between Nanjing and Hangzhou in the evolution process of residential segregation.Nanjing has a higher degree of spatial differentiation as a whole,among which spatial components have a more significant impact.     

基于地理探测器的喀斯特不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀定量归因

土壤侵蚀形成机制与影响因素识别是当前研究的核心与前沿议题,然而从多因素综合作用的角度进行定量归因仍需加强。以喀斯特典型峰丛洼地流域为研究区,基于GIS手段和RUSLE模型模拟土壤侵蚀,综合土地利用、坡度、降雨、高程、岩性、植被覆盖度等影响因子,应用地理探测器方法针对喀斯特不同地貌形态类型区进行土壤侵蚀的定量归因研究。结果表明,各影响因子对土壤侵蚀的解释力及因子间耦合作用程度在不同地貌形态类型区差异显著,其中土地利用和坡度是决定土壤侵蚀空间异质的主导因子,但在山地丘陵区,随着地形起伏度的升高,坡度的控制作用下降,即地理探测器q值表现为中海拔丘陵>小起伏中山>中起伏中山;生态探测器显示土地利用对土壤侵蚀的影响相比于其他因子有显著差异;双因子交互作用有助于增强对土壤侵蚀的解释力,土地利用与坡度的协同作用对土壤侵蚀的解释力达到70%以上;对于土壤侵蚀空间分布的差异性检验,风险探测器显示在小起伏中山、中起伏中山等地貌形态类型中,具有显著差异的影响因子分层组合数占比至少55%。因而,喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀的治理应综合考虑不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀影响机制的空间异质性。     

Decoding the Development Strategy of a Major Retailer: Wal-Mart's Expansion in the United States

This research aims to provide insight regarding Wal-Mart's retail development strategy in its expansion across the continental United States. The study examines store location patterns and relationships between Wal-Mart's store and distribution center locations and markets. The study shows that, although radial expansion is broadly characteristic of the dense store patterns that have been well established for Wal-Mart at the national level, expansion patterns at the regional level are consistent with a selective process based on factors other than store density. These results provide a new perspective on Wal-Mart's expansion, providing insights of value to retail practitioners and local government.     

Change analysis of rice area and production in China during the past three decades

Rice＇s spatial-temporal distributions, which are critical for agricultural, environ- mental and food security research, are affected by natural conditions as well as socio-eco- nomic developments. Based on multi-source data, an effective model named the Spatial Production Allocation Model （SPAM） which integrates arable land distribution, administrative unit statistics of crop data, agricultural irrigation data and crop suitability data, was used to get a series of spatial distributions of rice area and production with 10-km pixels at a national scale -it was applied from the early 1980s onwards and used to analyze the pattern of spatial and temporal changes. The results show that significant changes occurred in rice in China during 1980-2010. Overall, more than 50% of the rice area decreased, while nearly 70% of rice production increased in the change region during 1980-2010. Spatially, most of the increased area and production were in Northeast China, especially, in Jilin and Heilongjiang; most of the decreased area and production were located in Southeast China, especially, in regions of rapidly urbanization in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Thus, the centroid of rice area was moved northeast approximately 230 km since 1980, and rice production about 320 km, which means rice production moved northeastward faster than rice area because of the significant rice yield increase in Northeast China. The results also show that rice area change had a decisive impact on rice production change. About 54.5% of the increase in rice pro- duction is due to the expansion of sown area, while around 83.2% of the decrease in rice production is due to contraction of rice area. This implies that rice production increase may be due to area expansion and other non-area factors, but reduced rice production could largely be attributed to rice area decrease.     

基于ASTER GDEM数据喀斯特区域地貌类型划分与分析

以30 m分辨率ASTER GDEM数据为基础,通过GIS空间分析和非监督分类的方法进行地貌基本类型的自动划分。研究结果表明:①ASTERGDEM数据能够满足1∶10万比例尺下喀斯特区域的地表形态表达;②以流域为单位提取地形因子符合地貌发育的基本规律,提取的地形因子能客观的反应地表真实形态;③采用非监督分类法能够有效的实现1∶10万比例尺下地貌基本形态的定量化、自动化分类。     

空间冲突的演变特征及影响效应——以长株潭城市群为例

随着人口的高速增长和工业化进程的不断加快,中国已进入快速城市化时期,快速城市化进程引发的空间冲突已逐步影响到区域可持续发展,甚至威胁区域安全。界定空间冲突的内涵,分析空间冲突的形成原因、演变特征和影响效应,构建空间冲突的理论分析框架,是一项具有重要理论和实际意义的探索性工作。空间冲突是源于空间资源稀缺性和空间功能外溢性的一种伴随空间资源竞争而产生的客观地理现象,按其形成原因可分为空间经济冲突、空间生态冲突、空间社会冲突和空间复合冲突4 类;空间冲突的演变过程呈倒“U”形变化,其可控性级别可划分为稳定可控、基本可控、基本失控和严重失控4 个层次;空间冲突的影响效应表现为空间资源失配、空间开发失序、生态系统失衡和社会发展失稳等。     

基于地理探测器的喀斯特不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀定量归因（英文）

The formation mechanism and influencing factors identification of soil erosion are the core and frontier issues of current research. However, studies on the multi-factor synthesis are still relatively lacked. In this study, the simulation of soil erosion and its quantitative attribution analysis have been conducted in different geomorphological types in a typical karst basin based on the RUSLE model and the geodetector method. The influencing factors, such as land use type, slope, rainfall, elevation, lithology and vegetation cover, have been taken into consideration. Results show that the strength of association between the six influencing factors and soil erosion was notably different in diverse geomorphological types. Land use type and slope were the dominant factors of soil erosion in the Sancha River Basin, especially for land use type whose power of determinant(q value) for soil erosion was much higher than other factors. The q value of slope declined with the increase of relief in mountainous areas, namely it was ranked as follows: middle elevation hill> small relief mountain> middle relief mountain. Multi-factors interactions were proven to significantly strengthen soil erosion, particularly for the combination of land use type with slope, which can explain 70% of soil erosion distribution. It can be found that soil erosion in the same land use type with different slopes(such as dry land with slopes of 5° and above 25°) or in the diverse land use types with the same slope(such as dry land and forest with a slope of 5°), varied much. These indicate that prohibiting steep slope cultivation and Grain for Green Project are reasonable measures to control soil erosion in karst areas. Based on statistics of soil erosion difference between diverse stratifications of each influencing factor, results of risk detector suggest that the amount of stratification combinations with significant difference accounted for 55% at least in small relief mountain and middle relief mountainous areas. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion and its influencing factors in different geomorphological types should be investigated to control karst soil loss more effectively.     

泰山旅游环境承载力及其时空分异特征与利用强度研究

旅游环境承载力作为一种稀缺性非实物资源具有空间分异和时间变化规律;文章采取静态的模型研究方法,对泰山主景区的旅游环境承载力作出了系统测算,揭示了其时空分异规律,剖析了旅游环境承载力资源的利用强度,提出了旅游调控策略。