GPS网平差软件(GPSurvey)中的观测量权配置

在GPS控制网的处理中不同的参数配置解算的结果也会不一样，配置不好，原本观测质量合格的数据也会解算出不合格的结果，本文根据多年的生产实践，结合实例讨论了在GPSuevey中如何进行GPS网平差中的权配置，才能通过数理统计检验，获得满意的平差结果。     

水分配网络综合研究

水分配网络(WAN)是特殊的质量交换网络(MEN).介绍了水分配网络综合的研究内容、方法和研究进展,并着重对其研究方法中的目标设定法和数学规划法详细介绍.指出今后应加强质量集成思想在水分配网络综合中的应用研究,进行能量集成和水分配网络集成相结合的全面的过程集成研究,以满足清洁生产、可持续发展战略思想的实施.     

秦王川地区城市发展布局可行性研究

从秦王川的自然条件,现有经济发展状况和基础设施水平以及建设投资分析几个方面论述了秦王川目前城市发展布局的可行性。     

人地关系与经济布局理论创新与突破——庆贺吴传钧院士80华诞

吴传钧先生是中外著名的杰出地理学家,曾荣任两届（１９８８～１９９６）国际地理联合会副主席,现连任中国地理学会理事长。在８０华诞之际,同时发表《人地关系与经济布局》、《现代经济地理学》和《中国经济地理》三部巨著,突出显现先生学术风采。先生的学术思想极其活跃,达到炉火纯青之境,不愧为当代中国地理学的大师。对于复兴人文地理学,先生发挥着关键性作用,建立了历史功勋。本文扼要地介绍先生的人地关系与经济布局的理论创新以及在地理学、尤其是人文地理学（含经济地理学、农业地理学、土地利用学、资源综合考察、国土整治与国土规划）和国际地理学术交流领域的杰出贡献。     

攀西自然资源的空间特征与生物资源开发布局

在分析攀西地区地貌类型、水资源及其结构以及气候类型、土壤类型、植被类型及空间特征基础上,从生物资源综合开发布局的指导思想、原则和目标任务出发,对攀西地区生物资源综合开发布局的层次结构、空间结构和空间组织进行系统的分析研究。生物资源开发布局层次性体现在:时间上、技术上、资源开发类型上和产品开发深度上。攀西生物资源开发布局的空间结构模式可以概括为2个中心、5个增长极、5个节点,1条主轴、2条扩展轴、6大片区。空间组织系统在时间序列上,从2003-2008年、2009-2015年、2016-2020年3个阶段逐步提高攀西生物资源开发布局水平,推进攀西生物资源开发产业化的延伸能力、持续能力、集聚能力和扩散能力。从空间序列上以安宁河谷综合开发这一主轴为依托,重点开发资源特色鲜明、开发条件优越并对生物资源开发全局产生重大影响的项目和区域,以国家重点生物资源开发项目与区域布局为先导,逐步开拓与扩展,最终形成一个既突出重点又顾及全局,节点系统合理、网络关系紧密,有层次、有时序的巨型带状生物资源开发时空组织系统。     

An optimized spatial-temporal-sectoral allocation model for water resources

The deficiency of water resources is limiting directly and severely the social-economic development and ecological environment protection in many regions, and has been exacerbated by rapid industrial growth and national and state agriculture production objectives. Recent national, provincial and local water reform efforts are also focusing on economic efficiency in water allocation. Mathematical modeling in advance is the requirement for scientific decision-making. Water allocation may have different objectives and bases, but in market economy and on the condition of national investment, we should mainly pursue the maximization of economic objectives, except the basic water guarantee for living, ecology and assuring basic production water use. The amount of allocated water is a multi-dimensional variable and can be optimized in many contexts due to differences in the definition of industrial structure, the technical level of production among different areas and the marginal revenues of water resources. Therefore, the problem of water allocation comes down to solving problems of spatial optimization. This paper presents an equating marginal revenue theory for spatial allocation of water resources: when the marginal revenues of water in all area have the same value, the economic benefit from water for all the intake areas reaches its maximum. When the local available water resources and the marginal revenue of water for all sub-areas are given, for different total water supply from outside, we may calculate the optimized dynamic allocation scheme, the sequence of water allocation starting and the economic benefit from the water allocation for different sub-areas, as well as the integrated maximum economic benefit from water utilization. The example of the six southern districts in Hebei province of China illustrates the feasibility of the theory and models. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新疆博斯腾湖东岸盐渍土分布特征

新疆焉耆盆地博斯腾湖东岸几种不同地貌单元中,盐渍土发育强烈。在研究区内自北至南50km的地段呈线性分布。以刻槽法分5层连续采取0～1．00m深度土壤样品,分析易溶盐含量,判断盐渍土的含盐类型。平面上,从冲洪积扇前缘的细土平原到冲积-湖积平原,盐渍化程度呈增高趋势。盐渍土的含盐类型,沙垅段主要为硫酸盐,东南岸冲积-洪积平原主要发育亚硫酸盐和硫酸盐,其余地段盐渍土类型以氯盐和亚氯盐为主。剖面上,除沙垅段外,各个地貌单元土壤盐渍化表聚性特征明显。     

黑河分水计划对临泽绿洲种植业结构调整及生态稳定发展的影响——以黑河中游的临泽县平川灌区为例

黑河分水计划及用水商品化的实施,对绿洲种植业结构调整、节水降耗和退耕,有着较大的积极作用.但也相应出现了一些不可忽视的问题,如在调水方式及适宜时段的合理选择、供需水之间矛盾的有效处置以及流域水资源合理高效利用模式的建立等方面还有待进一步研究.特别是在水资源短缺和市场经济的双重作用下,过度开采地下水以及追逐短期利益行为有所加重,进而导致地下水位波动性变化幅度加大和低效的公益性生态建设与发展受到较大的制约,尤其是荒漠绿洲交错地带的生态环境及生产条件在分水后显现诸多不适宜或退化迹象,并有恶化发展的趋势.     

Research on Airspace Resource Allocation Supported by Spatiotemporal Continuous Data: Review and Prospect

Given that the fixed air traffic operation system and functions are difficult to adapt to the great changes of air route structure and airspace demand, the airspace resource allocation is undergoing an evolution from static to flexible and dynamic so as to effectively solve the contradiction between airspace capacity and actual demand. In this process, the dependence on spatiotemporal continuous data is gradually strengthened. This article reviewed the relevant national and international research, and found that from the multi-dimensional expression of basic elements to the feature analysis of specific airspace units, airspace resource allocation deepens and expands in a real-time direction and presents a new mechanism. A series of high density air traffic flow identification methods are developed by introducing time parameters and combined with the flight path model to form a distinct dynamic characteristic. Related applications and practice reflect the structural revolution of airspace resource allocation and promote the solution of practical problems such as airspace congestion and resource allocation. The research and practice of dynamic airspace resource allocation outside China have positive reference significance to our country. However, when simultaneously coping with the hoisting of airside capability and the change of multi-dimensional parameters, we still face the challenges of period-segment matching, micro-macro combination, terminal airspace-air route docking and airspace-land area integration. In the future, geography should further integrate the unique advantages of spatiotemporal interaction and construct a brand-new overall mobile chain of various airspace-land scales to carry out research work deeply.